scholarly journals COVID-19 Rapid Diagnostic test results and their associations with certain factors among the residents of Balochistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Larik ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Abid Saeed ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Zakir Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Seasonal Flu ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Pcr Test

AbstractBackgroundThis paper analyses any possible association of various factors like gender, last COVID-19 PCR test results, BCG Vaccination, Seasonal Flu vaccination, Occupation and confirmed case contact history with COVID-19 RDT results of the participants. COVID-19 will soon become endemic in Pakistan, the government should adopt COVID-19 RDT kits for trace, test and quarantine activities.MethodologyConsidering the availability of COVI-19 rapid diagnostic kits, 596 individuals all previously COVID-19 PCR tested were made part of this cross sectional study. Simple random sampling was used for the selection of study participants. The whole study was conducted during September and October 2020.ResultsThe major findings of this study is clearly showing that the Positive Likely hood ratio of the COVID-19 RDT Kits (LR+) is well above 1; similarly the Negative Likely hood ratio is approaching 0.On the other hand the Sensitivity and Specificity 80% and 74% respectively. Similarly study found statistically significant association was between RDT out comes and Last PCR Test status, Occupation and Contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. While other variables like Gender, BCG Vaccination and history of seasonal flu vaccinations were found to have no significant associations with COVID-19 RDT Kit out comes.ConclusionBeing the first study of its kind in Pakistan the major findings of this study are almost in line with the set hypothesis and objectives of this study and based on study findings it will be of high value to use COVID-19 RDT kits during mass screening especially during Test, Trace and Quarantine activities.

Parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health among school adolescents of Woldia town, Ethiopia by the year 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Seteamlak Adane Masresha ◽  
Gedefaw Diress Alen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
Study Participants

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the magnitude of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues and its association with gender and premarital sexual practice among school adolescents of Woldia town.Design/methodology/approachSchool-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 368 unmarried secondary and preparatory school adolescents (15–19 years) in Woldia town. Simple random sampling was employed to select study participants. Self-administered questionnaire was used. Data were entered by EPI-Data version 3.0.2 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.FindingsIn this study, 56.3% of school adolescents had parental communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. The result of this study showed that adolescents who had history of sexual intercourse where 64% less likely to communicate with parents on sexual and reproductive health issues (AOR: 0.36 95% CI: 0.20, 0.65), but there was no association between gender and sexual and reproductive health communication between adolescent and parent (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.75).Originality/valueParent-adolescent communication about sexual matters is one of the means that encourages adolescents to adopt responsible sexual behavior. Many children in Africa are uncomfortable to have a communication about sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents because the subject is a taboo topic in most homes.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI ANTARA IBU YANG MENGGUNAKAN AKDR DAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK DI DESA BERUK KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsini ◽  
Ipung Wulandari ◽  
Tri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

AbstractIntroduction: An increase in the rate of population growth in Indonesia is increasingly rapidly. One way to control the rate of population growth is by family planning program (KB). Growing family planning programs are administered by the Government, is also increasingly developing contraceptives, such as pills, IUD, implants, sterilizing men, seterilisasi women, condoms, periodic abstinence and copulation is disconnected. In addition to the function to control the population, AKDR and contraceptive injection had side effects, the most important is related to disorders of menstruation. From the results of a survey in Desa Beruk retrieved data. There are 154 KK which resides and 52 KK are acceptors KB which includes AKDR and contraceptive injection and some of them also complained of experiencing menstrual disorders.The Purpose: To tell the difference between the mother's menstrual cycle which uses AKDR and contraceptive injection in Desa Beruk Kabupaten Karanganyar.Methods: This study is a comparative analytical research by design with cross sectional design.Subjects: Acceptors KB type AKDR and syringe in Desa Beruk Kabupaten Karanganyar amounted to 52 people. The sample in this study is taken based on table Krecjie so obtained the result total sample of 44 people. Sampling simple random way (simple random sampling).Results: Menstrual cycle most often in AKDR is normal usage with a range between 12 and 28 days, whereas in the use of contraceptive injection cycles most often happens is polimenore with the average cycle is 19 days with a range of 14 to 30 days. Mann Whitney test results was p = 0,032.Conclusion: Because the value of p can be inferred then 0.05 < that there are meaningful differences between the menstrual cycle on the use of AKDR and menstrual cycle use of contraceptive injection.Keywords: the difference, menstrual cycle, contraceptive injection, AKDR

scholarly journals A sero epidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 among nursing and paramedical staff in government general hospital, Kurnool

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Keerthana M. ◽  
Pushpalatha S. ◽  
ShanthiKumari S. ◽  
Cynthia S. Savolu ◽  
Sreedevi A.
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Paramedical Staff ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Nurses and paramedical staff face a high risk of infection due to excessive COVID-19 exposure. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured among nurses and paramedical staff, with an aim to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the characteristics associated with it.Methods: After obtaining IEC Clearance and informed consent from the study subjects, a cross sectional study was conducted from August to September, 2020. Data was collected from 127 nurses and paramedical staff, Government general hospital, Kurnool, selected by simple random sampling, using a semi-structured questionnaire and chemiluminescence immunoassay test for which IgM antibodies cut off value was 10 AU/ml. Test results and participant characteristics were recorded and data was analysed by MS Excel 13. Results: Among the study participants, seroprevalence was found to be 2.4%. Majority were females (66.9%). Most of them were aged 20-29 (24.4%) followed by 40-49 (19.7%) and 50-59 (10.2%) years. 56.7% were working in COVID wards. 42.5% worked in 3-6 hour shifts.Conclusions: The present study did show a low prevalence of IgM among nurses and paramedical staff. This might be an indicator that the personal protection measures were effective. Further it can provide an overview of the current seroprevalence of the health care workers.

scholarly journals Reported Neighborhood Traffic and the Odds of Asthma/Asthma-Like Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Multi-Racial Cohort of Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Sarah Commodore ◽  
Pamela L. Ferguson ◽  
Brian Neelon ◽  
Roger Newman ◽  
William Grobman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Asthma in children poses a significant clinical and public health burden. We examined the association between reported neighborhood traffic (a proxy for traffic-related air pollution) and asthma among 855 multi-racial children aged 4–8 years old who participated in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort. We hypothesized that high neighborhood traffic density would be associated with the prevalence of asthma. Asthma/asthma-like symptoms (defined as current and/or past physician diagnosed asthma, past wheezing, or nighttime cough or wheezing in the past 12 months) was assessed by parental report. The relationship between neighborhood traffic and asthma/asthma-like symptoms was assessed using logistic regression. The prevalence of asthma/asthma-like symptoms among study participants was 23%, and 15% had high neighborhood traffic. Children with significant neighborhood traffic had a higher odds of having asthma/asthma-like symptoms than children without neighborhood traffic [adjusted OR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.62)] after controlling for child’s race-ethnicity, age, sex, maternal education, family history of asthma, play equipment in the home environment, public parks, obesity and prescribed asthma medication. Further characterization of neighborhood traffic is needed since many children live near high traffic zones and significant racial/ethnic disparities exist.

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON SELECTED RISK FACTORS OF STROKE AMONG ADULTS LIVING IN A SLUM OF KOLKATA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Tanushree Mondal ◽  
V. Abhinesh ◽  
Soumitra Mondal ◽  
Shibasish Banerjee ◽  
Debasis Das
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of permanent disability. Currently, the burden of stroke in terms of mortality, morbidity and disability is increasing across the world including India. The main risk factor of stroke are high blood pressure, tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol and diabetes mellitus. Lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stroke include smoking, drinking alcohol, high fat diet. Objective: To identify the socio demographic prole of study population and to nd out the proportion of selected risk factors of stroke among the study subjects and to assess different risk factors among them. Methodology:An observational descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken in urban eld practice area of a teaching institute of Kolkata. By 2 using the formula 4pq/l , total 200 participants were selected by simple random sampling and they were interviewed during house to house visit with WHO STEPS questionnaire for Non Communicable Diseases (NCD). Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.39 years and 33.5% participants were overweight with high BMI. Only 26 % participants were hypertensive and most of them (57.69%) had duration of hypertension more than 1 year. Majority (72.03%) did not have diabetes mellitus. Most (61%) of study participants had done moderate intensity physical activity regularly. Almost 25.5% study participants consume tobacco products and Most of the study 92.8% participants consumed alcohol 1-4 times in past 30 days. Signicant association were seen between gender and smoking (p=0.005), Gender and alcohol consumption (p=0.000), Religion and alcohol consumption (p=0.03), Occupation category and alcohol consumption (p=0.002), Marital status and hypertension (p=0.001). Conclusion: Effective public health intervention required promote regular exercise and healthy eating, avoiding alcohol and tobacco. Periodic screening for hypertension and diabetes and early diagnosis and treatment are key strategy for stroke prevention.

scholarly journals Is stress an important co morbid factor for hypertension among legal professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
L. Kannan ◽  
Praveena P.
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
District Court ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Stress is a mental, physical and emotional response to life demands. Long hours of work, client demands, changing laws- creates stress and eventually hypertension among advocates. Well-being of the advocates are being questioned. Hence the main objective of the study is to evaluate the relationship between stress and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method.Results: Around 133 (44.33%) and 167 (55.66%) of study participants were in level of high stress and low stress respectively. Among high stressed participants, a majority of 113 (84.96%) were found to be hypertensives and among the low stressed participants only 10 (5.98%) were hypertensives. The difference of observation was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0000).Conclusions: In conclusion the study explains that practising advocates with high perceived stress 113 (84.96%) were found to be hypertensives. Stress has a significant association with hypertension. The right way to manage stress is to implement coping strategies.

scholarly journals A study on associated risks of smoking, alcohol and smokeless tobacco on hypertension among advocates

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5114
Author(s):  
Shanthi Edward ◽  
Praveena Periasamy
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
District Court ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Advocates, being stressed out and depressed in the law profession due to unstable work pattern, work overload and lack in coping up skills. They thrive a lot to survive in the profession. In such circumstances, lawyers may lean on alcohol or tobacco. In view of above issues, one of the main objectives of the study is to evaluate the association between use of alcohol, tobacco, smoking and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method. Data was collected using structured interview schedule and analysed using SPSS.Results: Around 263 (87.66%) study participants were non-smokers and 37 (12.33%) were tobacco smokers. Among the tobacco smokers, a majority of 24 (64.86%) were found to be hypertensives (p=0.002). In the current study among the alcohol consumers, a majority of 26 (55.32%) were hypertensives and among the non-consumers of alcohol, only 38.34% were hypertensives (p=0.044).Conclusions: Advocates being professionals are well educated, informative and aware of complications. Adoption of healthy life style practices, the prevalence of hypertension may be reduced among the advocate community. Life style modifications such as cessation of smoking, alcohol and tobacco should be adopted. Promotive activities like arrangement of health camps in the court, health education, counselling on self-care, stress bursting leisure time activities would reduce the dependency on tobacco and alcohol.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPATUHAN PELAPORAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neni Marlina Br Purba ◽  
Dian Efriyenty
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
Tax Reporting

Tax reporting is the responsibility of taxpayers after making tax payments. The mismatch between the number of registered taxpayers and the number of taxpayers who report taxes is a separate problem for the government in managing the tax results received. Where the number who report taxes is very small compared to the number of registered taxpayers. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence individual taxpayer reporting compliance. The population used by all individual taxpayers who are registered at KPP Pratama Batam Selatan. While the sample was taken through simple random sampling technique with the Slovin formula so that the sample used was 100 respondents. Data analysis techniques are data instrument test, classical assumptions, descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS. The results obtained, partially the application of e-filling and tax sanctions has a significant effect on tax reporting compliance while tax awareness and understanding have no significant effect. The f test results show that all the independent variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the dependent variable.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Kecemasan Ibu Pasca Imunisasi DPT Anaknya di Kelurahan Kolakaasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Bangu Bangu ◽  
Yuhanah Yuhanah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maternal Anxiety ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Government

Immunization is an injection of immunity against certain diseases. The disease is avoided by means of a complete basic immunization in infants before 1 year of age. A report from the section on eradicating infectious diseases in the Ministry of Health in Indonesia has decreased the number of people who can be prevented by immunization programs. The success of this program is the collaboration between the immunizers and Posyandu cadres supported by the government and awareness from the community. Ignorance of mothers about DPT immunization is a major cause of anxiety in mothers after DPT immunization in their children. The materials and methods used were knowledge questionnaire sheets and maternal anxiety levels. This type of research is an analytic survey. The survey method uses cross-sectional. The population was 183 mothers as respondents. The results obtained by knowledge of high category mothers while anxiety categories are low. Analysis of the data with the Spearman Rho technique, the results obtained were 0.658 significant. Towards 0.01. Test results get = 0,000 means there is a significant relationship between knowledge and anxiety. Conclusion: The higher the knowledge, the lower the anxiety level of mothers after immunizing the DPT to their children in the Kolakaasi Village.

scholarly journals Children's Values, Social Support, Mother's Roles, and Psychosocial Stimulation in Boys and Girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Dwi Hastuti ◽  
Lia Shafira Arlianty ◽  
Megawati Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychosocial Stimulation ◽  
The City

Psychosocial development is a developmental stage that every child will pass. This study aimed to analyze the influence of family and child characteristics, child value, social support, mother's involvement in psychosocial stimulation in boys and girls. The research design that was used in this study was a cross-sectional study. Site selection was chosen purposively, namely in the city of Medan. Research locations were in two villages, namely Kota Maksum, Medan Labuhan Subdistrict and Kota Besar Village, Medan Area District. The sample pulling technique uses simple random sampling with a sample of mothers who have children aged 2-3 years and come from a complete family of 150 people. Respondents interviewed with the questionnaire were mothers. Correlation test results showed a significant positive relationship between maternal age, children's values, dimensions of psychological value and dimensions of economic value, social support, dimensions of information support and dimensions of reward support, and mothers' role in care with psychosocial stimulation.

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