Microbial Community of Small Intestine in Acute Severe Pancreatitis Patients: a Pilot Study

AbstractPurpose of the study: to describe the composition of the microbiota of the initial sections of the small intestine in patients with severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis.Objectives of the studyDetermine the composition of the microbiota of the initial sections of the small intestine upon admission to the ICU;Determine the differences in the composition of the microbiota of the initial sections of the small intestine, depending on the timing of the onset of the disease.IntroductionDisturbance of intestinal homeostasis is a leading factor in the pathogenesis and progression of systemic inflammation in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. The development of systemic complications occurs due to both mesenteric hypoperfusion and dysregulation of intestinal motility, and the destruction of the intestinal barrier, with the translocation of bacterial bodies and their substrates. Which increases the risk of developing POI and increasing mortality. With the advent of methods for high-throughput sequencing of microbiome samples - for example, in the 16S rRNA format - the possibilities for studying the structure of microbial communities have significantly expanded. In this regard, there is more and more evidence of the relationship between the state of human health and microflora inhabiting various parts of the body.Materials and methodsThe study included 7 patients with a diagnosis of severe necrotizing acute pancreatitis (6 men, 1 woman), the mean age was 54.1 ± 14.4 years. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 4) included patients admitted 2-4 days after the onset of a pain attack. Group 2 (n = 3) - patients admitted no later than 24 hours from the onset of the disease. The bacterial composition of jejunal wash samples was studied using 16S RNA sequencing. The severity of the condition was assessed using the integral scales APACHE II, SOFA, SAPS II. In patients of the main group, APACHE II was 22 ± 2.83 points (18; 24), SOFA - 6.8 ± 0.5 points (6; 7), SAPSII - 32.9 ± 6.4 points (24.7; 40), in patients of the comparison group, APACHE II is 18.0 ± 3.7 points (12; 22), SOFA - 4.0 ± 2.6 points (2; 7), SAPSII - 24.4 ± 5.0 points (20.9; 30.1).Material was collected at the time of installation of a sterile multifunctional intestinal catheter for Treitz’s ligament, no later than 12 hours from the moment of admission to the ICU. At the time of sampling, patients were not receiving antibiotic therapy.ResultsA more severe course was associated with a reduced representation in the microbiome of the species Nesseria mucosa and Parvimonas micra inhabiting the mucosal layer, as well as Megasphaera micronuciformis. The share of Streptococcus genera (S. rubneri / parasanguinis / australis species) and Actinomyces and a number of genera from the Enterobacteriaceae family in such patients, on the contrary, was higher.Interest disclosureSample preparation, sequencing and analysis of these microbiome samples was carried out by Knomics LLC during a commercial project for VneshPromFarm LLC, the manufacturer of saline electrolyte solution (SES).

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Features of the course of acute pancreatitis in patients with obesity

Polish Journal of Surgery ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.4147 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andriy Kebkalo ◽

Olha Tkachuk ◽

Adrian Reyti

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

The Body ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Correlation Relationship ◽

Systemic Complications ◽

Key Words Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Normal Body ◽

Normal Body Weight

Abstract The purpose of the study is to investigate the course of acute pancreatitis in obese patients, the development of local and systemic complications and mortality rates. Materials and methods We have taken and analyzed 482 histories of acute pancreatitis, who has been treatmented at Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital from January 1, 2011 to February 2, 2019. The data were statistically processed in the Exel 2010 program using a descriptive method using relative , absolute numbers, mean square deviations and their errors. A correlation relationship between variables was studied using the Pearson criterion (R2). Testing the significance of the difference between the two independent groups was carried out with the help of the t-criterion of the Student. Results In our study we had 482 patients, 260 patients (54%) had obesity (the study group), for comparison, a control group of patients with normal body weight was chosen, the total number of which was 222 (46%) patients. Obesity patients had a higher average age (55.4 ± 9.4 years, p = 0.01), also they had statistically greater percentage of severe cases of acute pancreatitis (85 (32.7%) vs 16 (7.2%); p = 0.01 *). We note the increase in the percentage of the course of severe pancreatitis in patients with weight gain from 10.20% to 53.93% (p = 0.03) *. Obesity patients had the longer bed-days in the hospital than in patients with normal body weight. In addition, they observed an increase of twice the bed in the reanimation and intensive care unit (5.8 ± 0.8 vs 2.7 ± 0.5 days, p = 0.01 *). When investigating the mortality rate, it should be noted that the main cause of death was the progression of organ failure of 30 (6.3%), pulmonary embolism (TB) - 15 (3.1%) and DIC 18 (3.7%) . Conclusions. The presence of obesity in patients involves a high risk of severe acute pancreatitis, this risk increases with an increase in the body mass index. In addition, in obese patients we have a higher bed-day in-patient and in-patient-care settings, which increases the total cost of treatment and requires a cost-effective algorithm in the future. A high mortality rate in obese patients requires improved treatment algorithm. Key words: acute pancreatitis, obesity.

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Small Intestinal Resident Eosinophils Maintain Gut Homeostasis Following Microbial Colonisation

10.1101/2021.01.30.428930 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

K. Shah ◽

A. Ignacio ◽

J. Bernier-Latmani ◽

Y. Köller ◽

G. Coakley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Functional Significance ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Critical Role ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Microbial Colonization ◽

List Type ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Eosinophil Activation ◽

Small Intestinal

SUMMARYIntestinal homeostasis following postnatal microbial colonization requires the coordination of multiple processes including the activation of immune cells, cell-cell communication, the controlled deposition of extracellular matrix, and epithelial cell turnover and differentiation. The intestine harbors the largest frequency of resident eosinophils of all homeostatic organs, yet the functional significance of eosinophil recruitment to this organ has long remained enigmatic. Eosinophils are equipped to both respond to, and modify, their local tissue environment and thus are able to regulate the adaption of tissues to environmental changes. We report a critical role for eosinophils in regulating villous structure, barrier integrity and motility in the small intestine. Notably, the microbiota was identified as a key driver of small intestinal eosinophil activation and function. Collectively our findings demonstrate a critical role for eosinophils in facilitating mutualistic interactions between host and microbiota and provide a rationale for the functional significance of their early life recruitment in the small intestine.HIGHLIGHTSThe microbiota is a critical regulator of eosinophil activation and turnoverEosinophils uphold intestinal barrier integrity following microbial colonizationLoss of eosinophils at steady-state results in increased villous blunting and altered intestinal motility

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The place of abdominal ultrasound in the follow up of patients with acute pancreatitis depending on the body mass index

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound ◽

10.1055/s-2008-1079789 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (S 1) ◽

Author(s):

A Popescu ◽

I Sporea ◽

S Bota ◽

M Danila ◽

R Sirli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

The Body

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Clinical Profile and Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis attending a Teaching Hospital at Gandaki Province, Nepal

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jcmsn.v16i3.31299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Subash Bhattarai ◽

Merina Gyawali

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Data Entry ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Severity Index ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systemic Complications ◽

Keywords Alcohol

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is inflammatory process of pancreas presenting with acute abdominal pain.The majority of patients have mild disease. Some patients develop local and systemic complications with increased morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical profile and outcomes in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study comprising of 62 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were enrolled between Jan 2019 to August 2020. Clinical profile at admission, complications and clinical outcomes including mortality were studied. Patients were classified into mild, moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis based on revised Atlanta classification and modified CT severity index. Data entry was done in Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 44±10.87 years with 43 (56%) males and 19 (44%) females (M:F=2.1:1). The commonest etiology of pancreatitis was alcohol (53.2%) followed by biliary pancreatitis (37.1%) The most common presentation was abdominal pain (100%). The most common complication was pancreatic necrosis (21%) followed by acute kidney injury (19.4%) and pleural effusion (17.3%). Majority( 72.6%) was mild and 17.7% had severe acute pancreatitis. Mortality was seen in 6.5% patients. Mortality was observed in patients with persistent complications, organ failure, low serum calcium and high modified CT severity index. Conclusions: Alcohol and gallstones were the two main etiologies of acute pancreatitis and were common in males, and in middle age groups. Majority presented with mild severity. Mortality was observed in some patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Keywords: alcohol; biliary; CT severity index; mortality; outcome; pancreatitis

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Effect of Dapagliflozin on Intestinal Flora in MafA-deficient Mice

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180912143434 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (27) ◽

pp. 3223-3231 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luyao Li ◽

Shiyao Xu ◽

Tingting Guo ◽

Shouliang Gong ◽

Chuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Deficient Mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on intestinal microflora in MafA-deficient mice using an animal model of diabetes. Methods: Male MafA-deficient mice were administered dapagliflozin (1.0 mg/kg/d) intragastrically for 6 weeks. Mouse body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and intestinal short-chain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. A series of methods was used to analyse the number of primary harmful bacteria in the faeces, and high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the changes in intestinal flora. Results: The weight of the mice decreased after dapagliflozin gavage, and fasting blood glucose was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Acetic acid and butyric acid contents in the intestinal tracts of the mice increased, and the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and intestinal enterococci, was inhibited. Blautia is a species found in the experimental group and was significantly different from the control and blank groups as determined by the LDA score from highthroughput sequencing. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin can reduce fasting blood glucose, decrease body weight, increase short-chain fatty acid content, regulate the intestinal microecological balance of the body and promote blood glucose and energy homeostasis.

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Restoration of intestinal mucosal in Euphorbia kansui-treated severe acute pancreatitis rats is based on HMGB1/MFG-E8 expression

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666201218130440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Chengjiang Qiu ◽

Kairui Liu ◽

Xuguang Li ◽

Weirun Chen ◽

Sheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Serum Amylase ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Inflammatory Factor ◽

Apoptotic Cells ◽

Rat Ileum ◽

Plasma Endotoxin ◽

Euphorbia Kansui

Background: The pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is mediated substantially by dysfunctions in the intestinal barrier. Euphorbia kansui (EK) is a medicinal plant used widely in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammation; however, its efficacy and mechanism of action in SAP treatment is not yet well understood. Objective: To investigate the role of EK in intestinal barrier tissue repair and in the pathogenesis and development of SAP. Methods: The rat SAP model was established by a retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic bile duct. The SAP model group and the SAP + EK treatment groups were divided into 6 subgroups according to timing: 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h after inducing SAP. The progression of the SAP rats and of the rats receiving the EK treatment was evaluated using the ascites volume, serum amylase and plasma endotoxin levels, and histological grading of intestinal mucosal damage. In addition, serum inflammatory factor contents were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests and apoptotic cells in damaged ileum tissue were detected using TUNEL staining. Apoptosis markers and other signaling proteins in intestinal mucosal cells were detected by immunohistochemical assays and then validated by combining these data with quantitative polymerase chain reactions and western blotting. Results: Compared with the results of the SAP model rats, the results of the rats that received EK treatment demonstrated that EK could effectively reduce the ascites volume and serum amylase and plasma endotoxin levels. EK treatment also greatly reduced the abnormal intestinal morphological alterations in the rat SAP model and significantly downregulated the serum contents of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. EK treatment inhibited the elevation of capapse-3, inhibited the decrease of the Bcl-2 protein, and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in rat ileum tissue. Finally, EK treatment abrogated the increase of HMGB1 and the suppression of MFG-E8 protein expression in the SAP + EK rat ileum tissue. Conclusion: EK suppresses SAP pathogenesis by restoring intestinal barrier function and modulating the HMGB1/MFG-E8 signaling axis.

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Transcriptome Profile Alterations with Carbon Nanotubes, Quantum Dots, and Silver Nanoparticles: A Review

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12060794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 794

Author(s):

Cullen Horstmann ◽

Victoria Davenport ◽

Min Zhang ◽

Alyse Peters ◽

Kyoungtae Kim

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Quantum Dots ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

The Body ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Engineered Nanomaterial ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

Transcriptomic Changes

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized sequence-based research. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing has become the method of choice in studying the toxicity of chemical agents through observing and measuring changes in transcript levels. Engineered nanomaterial (ENM)-toxicity has become a major field of research and has adopted microarray and newer RNA-Seq methods. Recently, nanotechnology has become a promising tool in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases in humans. However, due to their high stability, they are likely capable of remaining in the body and environment for long periods of time. Their mechanisms of toxicity and long-lasting effects on our health is still poorly understood. This review explores the effects of three ENMs including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs), and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) by cross examining publications on transcriptomic changes induced by these nanomaterials.

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Potential use of molecular and structural characterization of the gut bacterial community for postmortem interval estimation in Sprague Dawley rats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80633-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huan Li ◽

Siruo Zhang ◽

Ruina Liu ◽

Lu Yuan ◽

Di Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Interval Estimation ◽

The Body ◽

Taxon Richness ◽

Time Since Death ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Level Data ◽

Species Taxon

AbstractOnce the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the probable shift in the composition of the rectal microbiota at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to explore bacterial taxa important for estimating the time since death. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts when checked at 11 different intervals and emerged at most of the postmortem intervals. At the species level, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis showed a downward and upward trend, respectively, after day 5 postmortem. The phylum-, family-, genus-, and species-taxon richness decreased initially and then increased considerably. The turning point occurred on day 9, when the genus, rather than the phylum, family, or species, provided the most information for estimating the time since death. We constructed a prediction model using genus-level data from high-throughput sequencing, and seven bacterial taxa, namely, Enterococcus, Proteus, Lactobacillus, unidentified Clostridiales, Vagococcus, unidentified Corynebacteriaceae, and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, were included in this model. The abovementioned bacteria showed potential for estimating the shortest time since death.

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