Cross‐sectional comparisons of subgingival microbiome and gingival fluid inflammatory cytokines in periodontally healthy vegetarians versus non‐vegetarians

Abstract Background and Objectives Limited studies suggested that calprotectin may take part in the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Nevertheless, there is no clinical study to analyze the role of S100A8 in CAP patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of serum S100A8 with the severity of CAP based on a cross-sectional study. Methods Entire 200 CAP patients and 100 normal subjects were recruited. Demographic data, clinical information and serum were collected on admission. Serum S100A8 and inflammatory cytokines were detected. Results Serum S100A8 was increased in CAP patients on admission. Serum S100A8 was gradually increased in parallel with the CAP severity scores. Serum S100A8 was positively correlated with CAP severity scores (CURB-65, CRB-65, PSI, CURXO and SMART-COP), blood routine parameters (WBC, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio) and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β and CRP). Furtherly, univariate and multivariate logistical regression analysis revealed that there was a positive association between serum S100A8 with CRB-65, PSI and CURXO. Moreover, the predictive capacity of serum S100A8 was performed by receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) analysis. The AUCs of S100A8 for CAP and CAP severity were 0.855 and 0.893, respectively. Mechanistic analysis found that S100A8 knockdown alleviated streptococcus pneumoniae-evoked inflammatory cytokines in A549 cells. Conclusion Serum S100A8 on admission was positively associated with the severity of CAP. S100A8 knockdown alleviates streptococcus pneumoniae- evoked inflammatory cytokines in A549 cells, indicating that S100A8 may exert an important role in the pathophysiology of CAP and be an early serum diagnostic biomarker for CAP.

Download Full-text

Neurofilament light chain in the vitreous humor of the eye

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13195-020-00677-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manju L. Subramanian ◽

Viha Vig ◽

Jaeyoon Chung ◽

Marissa G. Fiorello ◽

Weiming Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Amyloid Beta ◽

Light Chain ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Vitreous Humor ◽

Neurofilament Light Chain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neurofilament Light ◽

T Tau

Abstract Background Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. This study investigated the presence of NfL in the vitreous humor and its associations with amyloid beta, tau, inflammatory cytokines and vascular proteins, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, systemic disease, and ophthalmic diseases. Methods This is a single-site, prospective, cross-sectional cohort study. Undiluted vitreous fluid (0.5–1.0 mL) was aspirated during vitrectomy, and whole blood was drawn for APOE genotyping. NfL, amyloid beta (Aβ), total Tau (t-Tau), phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau181), inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and vascular proteins in the vitreous were quantitatively measured by immunoassay. The main outcome measures were the detection of NfL levels in the vitreous humor and its associations with the aforementioned proteins. Linear regression was used to test the associations of NfL with other proteins, APOE genotypes, MMSE scores, and ophthalmic and systemic diseases after adjustment for age, sex, education level, and other eye diseases. Results NfL was detected in all 77 vitreous samples. NfL was not found to be associated with ophthalmic conditions, APOE genotypes, MMSE scores, or systemic disease (p > 0.05). NfL levels were positively associated with increased vitreous levels of Aβ40 (p = 7.7 × 10−5), Aβ42 (p = 2.8 × 10−4), and t-tau (p = 5.5 × 10−7), but not with p-tau181 (p = 0.53). NfL also had significant associations with inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-15 (IL-15, p = 5.3 × 10−4), IL-16 (p = 2.2 × 10−4), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1, p = 4.1 × 10−4), and vascular proteins such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1, p = 2.9 × 10−6), Vegf-C (p = 8.6 × 10−6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1, p = 5.0 × 10−4), Tie-2 (p = 6.3 × 10−4), and intracellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1, p = 1.6 × 10−4). Conclusion NfL is detectable in the vitreous humor of the eye and significantly associated with amyloid beta, t-tau, and select inflammatory and vascular proteins in the vitreous. Additionally, NfL was not associated with patients’ clinical eye condition. Our results serve as a foundation for further investigation of NfL in the ocular fluids to inform us about the potential utility of its presence in the eye.

Download Full-text

Serum IL-17, obesity, and metabolic risk in Mexican young adults

RESPYN Revista de Salud Pública y Nutrición ◽

10.29105/respyn20.3-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Celia Aradillas-García ◽

Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante ◽

Juan Manuel Vargas-Morlaes ◽

Jorge Alegría-Torres ◽

Sergio Rosales-Méndoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Activated T Cells ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Metabolic Comorbidities ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

BACKGROUND: Obesity and several inflammatory pathways contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines and other signal proteins produced in fat and liver appear to propagate inflammation systemically. IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T-cells. Upon binding to its receptor, IL-17 activates a cascade of signals that include MAPK, NF-kB and other pro- inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to determine if the IL-17 levels are associated with obesity and its metabolic comorbidities in young adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in the UP AMIGOS 2009 cohort. Anthropometric measurement and blood samples were collected. Fasting glucose, insulin, and serum lipid profile was measured by conventional methods. Serum IL-17 was determined by ELISA assay in 102 individuals with obesity and overweight also in 306 lean students (aged 18 to 26 years old. RESULTS: Higher levels of IL-17 were found in the group with obesity (34.99 pg/mL) when compared to lean subjects (26.57 pg/mL). In addition, a positive correlation between serum IL-17 and body mass index and waist circumference in the group with obesity were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IL-17 levels in young individuals with obesity and overweight are associated with risk factors for developing chronic metabolic diseases

Download Full-text

Correlation between Circulating Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines TNF-alpha and Vascular Calcification Inhibitor Matrix Gla Protein in Obese Men

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v2i3.126 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Trilis Yulianti ◽

Mansyur Arif ◽

Andi Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Vascular Calcification ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Matrix Gla Protein ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Circulating Levels ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

BACKGROUND: Adult obesity is rapidly increasing in the world including Indonesia. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was chronically elevated in obese adipose tissue. TNF-α, a pleiotropic cytokine and also a regulator of bone formation, may might represent an important link between obesity and vascular calcification. Elegant genetic studies in mice and human have highlighted the important roles for Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) as an inhibitor of vascular calcification. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and vascular calcification inhibitor MGP in obese men.METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study including 40 central obese men (waist circumference ≥90 cm) aged 31-60 years old. Serum MGP and serum TNF-α concentrations were quantified by ELISA principle. Fasting plasma glucose was assessed using hexokinase methods, triglyceride by GPO-PAP methods, and creatinine by Jaffe methods. All assays were performed according to the manufacture instruction. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for windows ver 16. Univariate analysis were performed to analyze mean, maximum, minimum value and SD. Pearson correlation statistic were performed to determine the correlation between variables. Significance value were define as alpha level = 0.05 based on two-tailed tests.RESULTS: The cross-sectional study (n=40) showed that the advancing age was correlated with plasma TNF-α concentration (r=0.348; p=0.028). The mean concentration of TNF-α and MGP were 8.323 and 8.368, respectively. We found a significant negative correlation between TNF-α with MGP (r=-0.425; p=0.006) and a significant correlation between TNF-α and triglyceride (r=0.375; p=0.017).CONCLUSIONS: Circulating level of TNF-α was inversely correlated with MGP concentration in obese men. This finding suggested that high level TNF-α leads to low MGP concentration obese men, hence, limits inhibitory capacity in vascular calcification.KEYWORDS: hypertension, obesity, vascular calcification, MGP, TNF-α

Download Full-text

Diet Content of Non-Saturated Fatty Acids is Related to Lower Plasma Adiponectin in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-713993/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca ◽

Diana Elisa Díaz-Jiménez ◽

Juan Antonio Pineda-Juárez ◽

Alondra Gissel Mendoza-Mota ◽

Ofelia Dinora Valencia-Aldana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Plasma Adiponectin ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Role ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Introduction. The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been related to the unbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; where adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is considered to play a key metabolic role. The consumption of certain micronutrients has been claimed to modify pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Aim. To explore whether dietary micronutrients are related with plasma adiponectin in patients with MS. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis. Quartiles of dietary bioactive compounds were compared according to values of plasma adiponectin. Interquartile variation (IQV) and correlation analyses were performed. Results. There was a significant IQV of dietary unsaturated fatty acids (between -50% to -66% of change, p25 vs p75, p<0.05), particularly for trans-fatty acids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids and w-6 fatty acids, in relation to plasma adiponectin; as well as a negative correlation (rho= -0.53, -0.37, -0.29 and -0.34, respectively; p<0.05). Conclusion. Dietary amounts of unsaturated fatty acids inversely related to plasma adiponectin in patients with MS.

Download Full-text

Cartilage and bone markers and inflammatory cytokines are increased in synovial fluid in the acute phase of knee injury (hemarthrosis) – a cross-sectional analysis

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.021 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 1302-1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

P. Swärd ◽

R. Frobell ◽

M. Englund ◽

H. Roos ◽

A. Struglics

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Knee Injury ◽

Bone Markers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

Download Full-text

Gingival Fluid Inflammatory Biomarkers and Hypertension in African Americans

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/2380084417694335 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 269-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Khocht ◽

T. Rogers ◽

M.N. Janal ◽

M. Brown

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

African Americans ◽

Body Mass ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Gingival Fluid

Hypertension and periodontitis are highly prevalent among African Americans. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships among inflammatory biomarkers in the gingival fluid, periodontitis, and blood pressure in these individuals. Twenty-one subjects who reported a diagnosis of hypertension and a comparison group of 26 nonhypertensive participants were enrolled. All were African Americans, non–cigarette smoking, and free from other systemic illness. Blood pressure and body mass index were assessed. A comprehensive periodontal examination was performed. Gingival fluid was collected from 3 healthy sites and 3 diseased sites when available. Samples were assessed for 8-isoprostane, interleukin 1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase 8. Regardless of hypertension status, diseased sites were associated with increased levels of these biomarkers. CRP and TNFα levels were also significantly higher in hypertensive than nonhypertensive individuals without diseased sites. After adjusting for demographics and body mass index, periodontal attachment loss was higher among hypertensive than nonhypertensive subjects. TNFα and CRP levels and hypertension were in the same association pathway with attachment loss. Elevated blood pressure may increase the risk of periodontitis through a localized inflammatory mechanism. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians to better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis in hypertensive individuals in general and African Americans in particular. The information could lead to better management of periodontal disease.

Download Full-text

Specific micronutrient concentrations are associated with inflammatory cytokines in a rural population of Mexican women with a high prevalence of obesity

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512001912 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 686-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gerardo Zavala ◽

Kurt Z. Long ◽

Olga P. García ◽

María del Carmen Caamaño ◽

Tania Aguilar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Tnf Α ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

It has been recognised recently that obese individuals have lower concentrations of micronutrients and this may affect the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the association of specific micronutrients' status with chronic inflammation caused by obesity in 280 women (36·1 (sd7·5) years) from seven rural communities in Mexico. Measurements of weight, height and waist circumference were made on all women and body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Concentrations of the cytokines IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12, lipid profile, and the micronutrients Zn and vitamins A, C and E were determined in fasting blood samples. Ordered logistic regression models were used to determine associations between categorised cytokine levels and micronutrients. It was found that 80 % of women were overweight or obese, and had significantly higher concentrations of C-reactive protein than normal-weight women (P= 0·05). The risk of higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 was reduced significantly among women with higher Zn concentrations (OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·96,P= 0·03; OR 0·57, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·86,P= 0·025; OR 0·63, 95 % CI 0·41, 0·96,P= 0·04; OR 0·62, 95 % CI 0·41, 0·95,P= 0·03, respectively). Higher concentrations of vitamin A were slightly associated with reduced risks of higher levels of IL-1 and IL-12 (OR 0·97, 95 % CI 0·95, 0·99,P= 0·03; OR 0·97, 95 % CI 0·94, 0·99,P= 0·03, respectively); when adjusting for BMI, this association was lost. No associations were found between vitamin C or vitamin E:lipids concentrations and inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, higher Zn concentrations are associated with reduced risks of higher concentration of inflammation markers in a population of women with a high prevalence of obesity.

Download Full-text

Inflammatory Response in Preterm and Very Preterm Newborns with Sepsis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/6740827 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Enrique Segura-Cervantes ◽

Javier Mancilla-Ramírez ◽

Jorge González-Canudas ◽

Erika Alba ◽

René Santillán-Ballesteros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Very Preterm ◽

Mediators Of Inflammation ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The response of the adaptive immune system is usually less intense in premature neonates than term neonates. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether immunological parameters vary between preterm (PT) neonates (≥32 weeks of gestational age) and very preterm (VPT) neonates (<32 weeks of gestational age). A cross-sectional study was designed to prospectively follow PT and VPT neonates at risk of developing sepsis. Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were detected using flow cytometry. C-reactive protein (C-RP) and the complex SC5b-9 were detected in the plasma using commercial kits. A total of 83 patients were included. The laboratory results and clinical histories showed that 26 patients had sepsis; 14 were VPT, and 12 were PT. The levels of C-RP, SC5b-9 (innate immune response mediators), and IL-10 or IL-4 (anti-inflammatory cytokines) were elevated during sepsis in both groups. IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 (proinflammatory cytokines) were differentially elevated only in PT neonates. The VPT neonates with sepsis presented increases in C-RP, SC5b-9, and anti-inflammatory cytokines but not in proinflammatory cytokines, whereas PT neonates showed increases in all studied mediators of inflammation.

Download Full-text