Shock Tube Autoignition Studies for Conventional and Alternative Transportation Fuel Components

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Oehlschlaeger
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Oxidation Kinetic ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Alternative Transportation ◽  
Fuel Components

Gas-phase autoignition, a fundamental indicator of fuel reactivity, and its underlying reaction kinetics are of importance to the operation of gas turbine and internal combustion engines, particularly in advanced engine concepts where kinetics may play a more important role than in legacy designs. The increasing significance of kinetics in modern engine operation and the rapid development of alternative fuels motivates an understanding of reaction kinetics and in particular the influence of fuel structure on oxidation and autoignition. A series of shock tube autoignition studies have been carried for pure fuel components found in conventional and alternative transportation fuels over the last five years. Results of these studies are summarized here. Measurements have been made for compounds found in or relevant to conventional gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels and alternative fuels including biodiesels, Fischer-Tropsch fuels, and hydroprocessed renewable fuels. Experiments were carried out for gaseous fuel/air mixtures in a heated shock tube facility. Fuel/air mixtures were studied for rich to lean conditions at high pressures (10–60 atm) and for a large range of temperatures spanning three distinct regions of reactivity from the high-temperature Arrhenius region, through the negative-temperature-coefficient region, and into the low-temperature region. The experimental results provide fundamental information about the structure-reactivity relationships for fuels and targets for the development of fuel oxidation kinetic models.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with Uppage Oil Methyl Ester (UOME)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Basavarajappa ◽  
N. R. Banapurmath ◽  
S.V. Khandal ◽  
G. Manavendra
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emission

For economic and social development of any country energy is one of the most essential requirements. Continuously increasing price of crude petroleum fuels in the present days coupled with alarming emissions and stringent emission regulations has led to growing attention towards use of alternative fuels like vegetable oils, alcoholic and gaseous fuels for diesel engine applications. Use of such fuels can ease the burden on the economy by curtailing the fuel imports. Diesel engines are highly efficient and the main problems associated with them is their high smoke and NOx emissions.  Hence there is an urgent need to promote the use of alternative fuels in place of high speed diesel (HSD) as substitute. India has a large agriculture base that can be used as a feed stock to obtain newer fuel which is renewable and sustainable. Accordingly Uppage oil methyl ester (UOME) biodiesel was selected as an alternative fuel. Use of biodiesels in diesel engines fitted with mechanical fuel injection systems has limitation on the injector opening pressure (300 bar). CRDI system can overcome this drawback by injecting fuel at very high pressures (1500-2500 bar) and is most suitable for biodiesel fuels which are high viscous. This paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine fuelled with UOME biodiesel at different injection timings and injection pressures. From the experimental evidence it was revealed that UOME biodiesel yielded overall better performance with reduced emissions at retarded injection timing of -10° BTDC in CRDI mode of engine operation.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of a Wall-Flow Particulate Filter Made of Biomorphic Silicon Carbide Able to Fit Different Fuel/Biofuel Inputs

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Orihuela ◽  
Onoufrios Haralampous ◽  
Ricardo Chacartegui ◽  
Miguel Torres García ◽  
Julián Martínez-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Wall Flow ◽  
Emission Limits

To meet the increasingly strict emission limits imposed by regulations, internal combustion engines for transport applications require the urgent development of novel emission abatement systems. The introduction of biodiesel or other biofuels in the engine operation is considered to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, these alternative fuels can affect the performance of the post-combustion systems due to the variability they introduce in the exhaust particle distribution and their particular physical properties. Bioceramic materials made from vegetal waste are characterized by having an orthotropic hierarchical microstructure, which can be tailored in some way to optimize the filtration mechanisms as a function of the particle distribution of the combustion gases. Consequently, they can be good candidates to cope with the variability that new biofuel blends introduce in the engine operation. The objective of this work is to predict the filtration performance of a wall-flow particulate filter (DPF) made of biomorphic silicon carbide (bioSiC) with a systematic procedure that allows to eventually fit different fuel inputs. For this purpose; a well-validated DPF model available as commercial software has been chosen and adapted to the specific microstructural features of bioSiC. Fitting the specific filtration and permeability parameters of this biomaterial into the model; the filtration efficiency and pressure drop of the filter are predicted with sufficient accuracy during the loading test. The results obtained through this study show the potential of this novel DPF substrate; the material/microstructural design of which can be adapted through the selection of an optimum precursor.

The study of a tractor diesel engine operation on ethanol and rapeseed oil at various speed modes

Trudy NAMI ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
A. N. Kozlov ◽  
M. I. Araslanov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Tractor Diesel

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The depletion of oil fuels reserves and the steady growth of their consumption will require new solutions in the development of technologies based on renewable energy sources. The study of the possible alternative fuels use in internal combustion engines is a complex scientific task, including the research of the alternative fuels effect on the power plants operation efficiency.The purpose of the study was to obtain the speed characteristics of a diesel engine operating on ethyl alcohol and rapeseed oil.Methodology and research methods. An air-cooled with volumetric mixture formation tractor diesel engine of dimension 2Ch 10.5/12.0 was selected as an object of research. The study was carried out by a comparative method. To measure the speed characteristic a fixed cyclic fuel supply was applied after the engine reaching the nominal operating mode at a crankshaft speed of 1800 min-1 and an average effective pressure in the cylinder of 0.588 MPa. This approach, with the all-mode regulator of the fuel pump turned off, made it possible to identify the main regularities of intra-cylinder processes at different speed modes of engine operation.Scientific novelty and results. The article presents the bench tests results of a diesel engine operating at various speed modes on ethanol and rapeseed oil, and analyzes in detail the main indicators of the combustion process and the effective engine performance in comparison to the use of traditional fuel. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to improve the diesel engines operation on alternative renewable fuels.

A Theoretical Study on Performance and Combustion Characteristics of HCCI Engine Operation With Diesel Surrogate Fuels: n-Heptane, Dimethyl Ether

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Navid Shahangian ◽  
Mojtaba Keshavarz ◽  
Ghasem Javadirad ◽  
Nader Bagheri ◽  
Seyed Ali Jazayeri
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Hcci Engines

HCCI engines have low emission and high efficiency values compared to the conventional internal combustion engines. These engines can operate on most alternative fuels such as dimethyl ether (DME), which has been tested as a possible diesel fuel for its simultaneously reduced NOx and PM emissions. HCCI combustion of both DME and n-heptane fuels display a distinct two-stage ignition reaction with the first stage taking place at fairly low temperatures and the second stage taking place at high temperatures. The second stage is responsible for the main stage of the heat release process. In this study, a single-zone, zero-dimensional, thermo-kinetic combustion model has been developed. MATLAB software is used to predict engine performance characteristics of HCCI engines using two types of diesel fuel: Dimethyl ether and N-heptane. The effects of intake temperature and pressure, fuel loading and addition of EGR gases on auto-ignition characteristics, optimum combustion phasing, and performance of the HCCI engines are considered in this study. Simultaneous effects of these variables for finding the most appropriate regime of HCCI engine operation, considering knock and misfire boundaries, are also investigated.

scholarly journals The study of the spark ignition engine operation at fuelling with n-butanol-gasoline blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Cristian Sandu ◽  
Constantin Pană ◽  
Niculae Negurescu ◽  
Alexandru Cernat ◽  
Cristian Nuţu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Combustion Properties

For conventional internal combustion engines alternative fuels such alcohols (ethanol, methanol and butanol) have attracted more attention. This aspect is due to the fact that alcohols have good combustion properties and high oxygen content. Butanol is a viable fuel for blending with conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel because of its high miscibility with these conventional fuels. The high combustion speed of butanol compared to that of gasoline ensures a shorter burning process thus the engine thermal efficiency can potentially be improved. Moreover, the additional oxygen content of the alcohol n-butanol can potentially improve the combustion process and can lead to a reduction of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons emissions level. Utilizing butanol-gasoline blends can provide a good solution for the reduction of greenhouse gases level (CO2) and pollutants level (CO, HC, and NOx). An experimental study was carried out in a spark ignition engine which was fueled with a blend of n-butanol-gasoline at different volume percentages. The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of butanol on the engine energetic performances and on the emissions (HC, CO and NOx). At first the engine fueled with pure gasoline to set up a reference at the engine load χ=55%, engine speed of n=2500 min-1 and different excess air coefficients (λ). After setting the reference the engine was fueled with butanol-gasoline blend (10% vol. butanol 90% vol. gasoline) with the same engine adjustments. At butanol use the CO, HC and CO2 emissions level decreased, but the NOx emission level increased. The butanol can be considered a good alternative fuel for the spark ignition engines without modifications.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

scholarly journals Comparison of Diesel Engine Vibroacoustic Properties Powered by Bio and Standard Fuel

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Wrobel ◽  
Gustaw Sierzputowski ◽  
Zbigniew Sroka ◽  
Radostin Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
The Time Domain

Alternative fuels appeared soon after the first internal combustion engines were designed. The history of alternative fuels is basically as long as the history of the automotive industry. Initially, fuels whose physicochemical properties allowed for a change in parameters of the combustion process in order to achieve greater efficiency and reliability were searched for. Nowadays, there are significantly more variables; in addition to the above mentioned parameters, alternative fuels are being sought that will ensure environmental protection during vehicle operation and improve the ergonomics of use. This article outlines the results of the authors’ own comparative tests of vibrations of a vibroacoustic character. Based on a popular engine model, the vibration–acoustic responses of a system powered by two types of fuel, namely, diesel and biodiesel (B10), are compared. The research consists of comparing vibrations in both time and frequency domains. In the case of the time domain, the evaluation was performed with vibrations as a function of engine torque and speed. In the case of frequency analysis, the focus was on changes in the frequency response for the tested fuels. The research shows that the profile of vibroacoustic vibrations changes in the case of biodiesel power supply in relation to standard fuel. The vibration profile changes significantly as a function of speed and only slightly in relation to the engine load. The results presented in this article show different vibroacoustic responses of an engine powered by diesel and biodiesel; the change is minor for lower speeds but significant (other harmonics are dominant) for higher speeds (changes in the dominant harmonic magnitude of up to 10% at a crankshaft speed of 3000 rpm).

Measurement of cycle-resolved engine-out soot concentration from a diesel-pilot assisted natural gas direct-injection compression-ignition engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742098626
Author(s):  
Pooyan Kheirkhah ◽  
Patrick Kirchen ◽  
Steven Rogak
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Port ◽  
Exhaust Stream

Exhaust-stream particulate matter (PM) emission from combustion sources such as internal combustion engines are typically characterized with modest temporal resolutions; however, in-cylinder investigations have demonstrated significant variability and the importance of individual cycles in transient PM emissions. Here, using a Fast Exhaust Nephelometer (FEN), a methodology is developed for measuring the cycle-specific PM concentration at the exhaust port of a single-cylinder research engine. The measured FEN light-scattering is converted to cycle-resolved soot mass concentration ([Formula: see text]), and used to characterize the variability of engine-out soot emission. To validate this method, exhaust-port FEN measurements are compared with diluted gravimetric PM mass and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements, resulting in close agreements with an overall root-mean-square deviation of better than 30%. It is noted that when PM is sampled downstream in the exhaust system, the particles are larger by 50–70 nm due to coagulation. The response time of the FEN was characterized using a “skip-firing” scheme, by enabling and disabling the fuel injection during otherwise steady-state operation. The average response time due to sample transfer and mixing times is 55 ms, well below the engine cycle period (100 ms) for the considered engine speeds, thus suitable for single-cycle measurements carried out in this work. Utilizing the fast-response capability of the FEN, it is observed that cycle-specific gross indicated mean effective pressure (GIMEP) and [Formula: see text] are negatively correlated ([Formula: see text]: 0.2–0.7), implying that cycles with lower GIMEP emit more soot. The physical causes of this association deserve further investigation, but are expected to be caused by local fuel-air mixing effects. The averaged exhaust-port [Formula: see text] is similar to the diluted gravimetric measurements, but the cycle-to-cycle variations can only be detected with the FEN. The methodology developed here will be used in future investigations to characterize PM emissions during transient engine operation, and to enable exhaust-stream PM measurements for optical engine experiments.

scholarly journals Decarbonization in Shipping Industry: A Review of Research, Technology Development, and Innovation Proposals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
George Mallouppas ◽  
Elias Ar. Yfantis
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Research Technology

This review paper examines the possible pathways and possible technologies available that will help the shipping sector achieve the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) deep decarbonization targets by 2050. There has been increased interest from important stakeholders regarding deep decarbonization, evidenced by market surveys conducted by Shell and Deloitte. However, deep decarbonization will require financial incentives and policies at an international and regional level given the maritime sector’s ~3% contribution to green house gas (GHG) emissions. The review paper, based on research articles and grey literature, discusses technoeconomic problems and/or benefits for technologies that will help the shipping sector achieve the IMO’s targets. The review presents a discussion on the recent literature regarding alternative fuels (nuclear, hydrogen, ammonia, methanol), renewable energy sources (biofuels, wind, solar), the maturity of technologies (fuel cells, internal combustion engines) as well as technical and operational strategies to reduce fuel consumption for new and existing ships (slow steaming, cleaning and coating, waste heat recovery, hull and propeller design). The IMO’s 2050 targets will be achieved via radical technology shift together with the aid of social pressure, financial incentives, regulatory and legislative reforms at the local, regional and international level.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Biofuels and Fischer–Tropsch Diesel Blends on the Engine Combustion Performance for Reducing Exhaust Gaseous and Particulate Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Felipe Andrade Torres ◽  
Omid Doustdar ◽  
Jose Martin Herreros ◽  
Runzhao Li ◽  
Robert Poku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Engine Combustion

The worldwide consumption of fossil hydrocarbons in the road transport sector in 2020 corresponded to roughly half of the overall consumption. However, biofuels have been discreetly contributing to mitigate gaseous emissions and participating in sustainable development, and thus leading to the extending of the commercial utilization of internal combustion engines. In this scenario, the present work aims at exploring the effects of alternative fuels containing a blend of 15% ethanol and 35% biodiesel with a 50% fossil diesel (E15D50B35) or 50% Fischer–Tropsch (F-T) diesel (E15FTD50B35) on the engine combustion, exhaust emissions (CO, HC, and NOx), particulate emissions characteristics as well as the performance of an aftertreatment system of a common rail diesel engine. It was found that one of the blends (E15FTD50B35) showed more than 30% reduction in PM concentration number, more than 25% reduction in mean particle size, and more than 85% reduction in total PM mass with respect to conventional diesel fuel. Additionally, it was found that the E15FTD50B35 blend reduces gaseous emissions of total hydrocarbons (THC) by more than 25% and NO by 3.8%. The oxidation catalyst was effective in carbonaceous emissions reduction, despite the catalyst light-off being slightly delayed in comparison to diesel fuel blends.

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