Changes in Aerobic Fitness in Boys and Girls Over a Period of 25 Years: Data From the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study Revisited and Extended

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han C.G. Kemper ◽  
Jos W.R. Twisk ◽  
Willem van Mechelen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equations ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Age Range

In the Amsterdam Growth And Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS), a group of approximately 650 12- to 14-year-old boys and girls was followed in their growth, and development of their health their lifestyle including diet, physical activity and smoking. One of the main interests was the change in their aerobic fitness. From 12 to 36 years of age in total, eight repeated measurements were performed to measure peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2). In this study the data of peak VO2 are revisited and extended: We made use of all collected data as a mixed longitudinal design including cross-sectionally measured subjects as well as longitudinally measured subjects. This led to the availability of 1,194 boys and 1356 girls. With generalized estimating equations (GEE) the longitudinal changes with chronological age and differences between boys and girls were analyzed. Teenage boys and girls increased their peak VO2 (ml/min) significantly (p < .001) until age 14 in girls and until age 17 in boys. However peak VO2 relative to bodyweight (peak VO2/BW) had significantly (p < .001) decreased over the whole age range from 12 to 36 in both sexes. Vigorous physical activity (VPA) also showed a decrease and was significantly (p < .001) related with lower peak VO2/BW (Beta = 0.001). This relation was stronger in boys than in girls. Because at the start of AGAHLS no fast responding metabolic instruments were available, future longitudinal studies about aerobic fitness should include also measurement of VO2 kinetics.

Aerobic Fitness and Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents Living with HIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima ◽  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva ◽  
Kelly Samara da Silva ◽  
Andreia Pelegrini ◽  
Isabela de Carlos Back ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test

Purpose:To examine aerobic fitness, total moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and also patterns in terms of MVPA between children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and controls, and to determine whether differences, if any, are associated with HIV, sex and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Method:A cross-sectional analysis was carried out with 130 children and adolescents, aged between 8 and 15 years, divided into two groups (HIV group= 65 patients, control group= 65 healthy participants). Total MVPA was measured by accelerometers and 5 and 10-min bouts were estimated. The peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) was measured by breath-by-breath respiratory exchange in an incremental cycle ergometer test.Results:HIV-positive participants had lower peak VO2 (39.2 ± 6.8 vs. 44.5 ± 9.1 ml.kg-1min-1), lower bouts of MVPA of 5-min (19.7 ± 16.6 vs. 26.6 ± 23.5) and 10-min (3.6 ± 3.9 vs. 5.8 ± 7.2), but similar total MVPA (49.5 ± 28.9 vs. 49.1 ± 30.6 min.day-1). HIV infection in untreated, nonprotease inhibitors (PI)- based HAART and PI-based HAART patients was associated with lower 8.5 (95%CI= 12.5–4.6), 7.1 (95%CI= 10.6–3.6) and 4.5 (95%CI= 7.0–2.0) ml.kg-1min-1 of peak VO2.Conclusion:Children and adolescents with HIV demonstrated lower aerobic fitness compared with the controls and the absence of HAART may increase peak VO2 impairment. Lower bouts of MVPA were also observed in HIV group despite the similar values of total MVPA of controls.

scholarly journals Preliminary effects and acceptability of a co-produced physical activity referral intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin JR Buckley ◽  
Dick HJ Thijssen ◽  
Rebecca C Murphy ◽  
Lee EF Graves ◽  
Greg Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Complete Case ◽  
Definitive Trial ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Exercise Referral

Objectives: To explore the preliminary effects and acceptability of a co-produced physical activity referral intervention. Study Design: Longitudinal design with data collected at baseline and post a 12-week physical activity referral intervention. Setting: Community leisure centre. Methods: In all, 32 adults with controlled lifestyle-related health conditions took part in a physical activity referral intervention (co-produced by a multidisciplinary stakeholder group) comprising 12 weeks subsidised fitness centre access plus four behaviour change consultations. A complete case analysis ( t-tests and magnitude-based inferences) was conducted to assess baseline-to-12-week change in physical activity, cardiometabolic, and psychological measures. Semi-structured interviews were conducted ( n = 12) to explore experiences of the intervention. Results: Mean improvements were observed in cardiorespiratory fitness (3.6 mL kg-1 min-1 [95% confidence interval: 1.9–5.4], p < .001) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (12.6 minutes per day [95% confidence interval: 4.3–29.6], p = .013). Participants were positive about the support received from exercise referral practitioners, but experienced some challenges in a busy and under staffed gym environment. Conclusions: A co-produced physical activity referral intervention elicited short-term improvements in physical activity and cardiometabolic health. Further refinements may be required, via ongoing feedback between stakeholders, researchers and service users, to achieve the intended holistic physical activity focus of the intervention, prior to a definitive trial.

Linking Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness: Are We Active Because We Are Fit, or Are We Fit Because We Are Active?

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han C.G. Kemper ◽  
Lando L.J. Koppes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Future Change ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Future

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that physical activity (PA), measured over a period of 23 years, is beneficial to aerobic fitness (VO2max) in boys and girls (13-36 years) who were enrolled in the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS). PA was measured using a standardized activity interview. VO2max was assessed directly with a maximal running test on a treadmill. To assess the longitudinal relationship between PA and VO2max, different longitudinal analyses were carried out over different age periods, correcting for various confounders such as lifestyle parameters, biological parameters, and initial VO2max. Highly significant relationships (p < .05) were observed between PA and VO2max in four of the five analyses. However, in an autoregression analysis, when current PA has been related to the future change in VO2max, the results are not any more significant (p > .05). Analysis of the data of PA and VO2max from the AGAHLS population does not fully support the hypothesis that PA affects VO2max.

Perceived coach-created environment directly predicts high school athletes’ physical activity during sport

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412095973
Author(s):  
Tsz Lun (Alan) Chu ◽  
Xiaoxia Zhang ◽  
Joonyoung Lee ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Need Frustration

Sport participation is an important means for adolescents to achieve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), yet most high school students including athletes do not achieve the 60-minute daily MVPA guideline. As psychosocial factors influence athlete engagement and physical activity during sport, the perceived environment created by coaches could play a role in this influence. Guided by self-determination and achievement goal theories, this four-month prospective study examined the direct and indirect effects of perceived coach-created environment on high school athletes’ MVPA and sedentary behavior (SB) during sport. During the third to fourth week of a sport season, 225 high school athletes ( Mage = 15.24 years) completed a survey assessing perceptions of coach-created empowering and disempowering climates as well as psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Four months later, their MVPA and SB percentage times (%) during sport were measured using accelerometers. Path analyses partially supported our hypothesis, indicating significant direct effects of a perceived empowering climate on need satisfaction (β = .41) and need frustration (β = –.29), and direct effects of a perceived disempowering climate on need frustration (β = .38) and MVPA% (β = –.28). No significant indirect effects on MVPA% or SB% were found. Findings support and provide new insights into the important role of disempowering beyond empowering climates in predicting high school athletes’ PA. Specifically, when coaches display ego-involving and controlling behaviors, high school athletes may disengage during sport and achieve less overall MVPA. Further examination of these relationships using a longitudinal design across more diverse samples is warranted.

scholarly journals Objectively Measured Preoperative Physical Activity is Associated With Time to Functional Recovery after Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Cancer Surgery: a Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar Mylius ◽  
Wim Krijnen ◽  
Tim Takken ◽  
Daan Lips ◽  
Hasan Eker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Fitness Level

Abstract Background: Surgical resection is currently the cornerstone of hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) cancer treatment. A low preoperative aerobic fitness level has been identified as a modifiable risk factor associated with complications after major abdominal surgery. A person’s aerobic fitness is influenced by performing moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study aims to determine the activity monitor measured levels of MVPA performed among patients on the waiting list for HPB cancer surgery and their association with postoperative outcomes. Methods: A prospective, observational multi-center cohort pilot study was conducted. Patients enlisted for resection surgery on suspicion of HPB (pre)malignancy were enrolled. Performed MVPA was measured by an Actigraph wGT3X-BT. Additionally, aerobic fitness was measured via the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test, and (post)operative variables were collected from the electronic patient files. The association between MVPA and the pre and postoperative variables was determined by univariate and multivariate (logistic) robust regression. Results: A total of 38 participants, median age 66.0 (IQR 58.25 – 74.75) years, were enrolled. The meadian daily MVPA was 10.7 (IQR 6.9 – 18.0) minutes, only 8 participants met Dutch MVPA guidelines. Participants age, and incremental shuttle walk test score were associated with MVPA by multivariate statistical analysis. Time to functional recovery was 8 (IQR 5 - 12) days and was associated with MVPA and type of surgery (major/minor) in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: 76% of patients enlisted for resection of HPB (pre)malignancy performed insufficient MVPA. A higher level of MVPA was associated with a shorter time to functional recovery.

scholarly journals The Effects of Reduced Physical Activity on the Lipid Profile in Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk during COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8858
Author(s):  
Marco Alfonso Perrone ◽  
Alessandro Feola ◽  
Massimo Pieri ◽  
Bruno Donatucci ◽  
Chiara Salimei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Statin Drug ◽  
Age Range

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health problem. In Italy, to limit the infections, the government ordered lockdown from March 2020. This measure, designed to contain the virus, led to serious limitations on the daily life of the individuals it affected, and in particular in the limitation of physical exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reduced physical activity on the lipid profile in patients with high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We enrolled 38 dyslipidemic patients, 56% male, with an age range of 44–62 years, considered to be at high cardiovascular risk. All patients were prescribed statin drug therapy (atorvastatin 40 mg) and a vigorous physical activity program four times a week, 1 h per session. In addition, a personalized Mediterranean diet was prescribed to all the patients. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides were measured in patients at T0 before lockdown and at T1 during lockdown. Results: Data showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in total cholesterol (+6,8%) and LDL (+15,8%). Furthermore, the analysis of the data revealed a reduction in HDL (−3%) and an increase in triglycerides (+3,2%), although both were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed that the reduction in physical activity during lockdown led to an increase in LDL levels, and therefore, in the risk of ischemic heart disease in dyslipidemic patients with high cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Plasma Phospholipid n-3/n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Desaturase Activities in Relation to Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity through Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3544
Author(s):  
Liwei Chen ◽  
Yeyi Zhu ◽  
Zhe Fei ◽  
Stefanie N. Hinkle ◽  
Tong Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Dietary Factors

Maternal plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in maternal health and fetal development. Beyond dietary factors, maternal moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been linked to multiple health benefits for both the mother and offspring, but studies investigating the influence of maternal MVPA on maternal PUFA profile are scarce. The objective of present study was to examine the time-specific and prospective associations of MVPA with plasma PUFA profile among pregnant women. This study included 321 participants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons cohort. Maternal plasma phospholipid PUFAs and MPVA were measured at four visits during pregnancy (10–14, 15–26, 23–31, and 33–39 gestational weeks (GW)). Associations of maternal MVPA with individual plasma PUFAs and desaturase activity were examined using generalized linear models. Maternal MVPA was associated inversely with plasma phospholipid linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and Δ6-desaturase in late pregnancy (23–31 or 33–39 GW), independent of maternal age, race, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and dietary factors. Findings from this longitudinal study indicate that maternal habitual MVPA may play a role on PUFAs metabolism, particular by alerting plasma n-6 subclass and desaturase activity in late pregnancy. These associations are novel and merit confirmation in future studies.

scholarly journals Device-Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness Are Independent Correlates of Cognitive Performance in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults—Results from the SCAPIS Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Ekblom ◽  
Örjan B. Ekblom ◽  
Mats Börjesson ◽  
Göran Bergström ◽  
Christina Jern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

High aerobic fitness, more moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and less sedentary behavior (SED) have all been suggested to promote cognitive functions, but it is unclear whether they are independent predictors of specific cognitive domains. This study aimed to investigate to what extent aerobic fitness MVPA and SED are independently associated with cognitive performance among middle-aged Swedish adults. We acquired device-based measures of aerobic fitness, cognitive performance and percent daily time spent in MVPA and SED in Swedish adults (n = 216; 54–66 years old). Aerobic fitness was associated with better performance at one out of two tests of speed/attention and one out of four tests of executive attention, and with worse performance at one of seven tests of memory. Increasing %MVPA was associated with better performance at one out of seven tests of memory and two out of three tests of verbal ability, whereas increasing %SED was associated with better performance at all four tests of executive attention and four out of seven tests of memory. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness, %MVPA and %SED are partly independent correlates of cognitive performance. To fully understand the association between SED and performance at several tests of cognitive function, future investigations might attempt to investigate intellectually engaging SED (such as reading books) separately from mentally undemanding SED (such as watching TV).

scholarly journals BMI-specific associations between health-related behaviours and overweight – a longitudinal study among Norwegian adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger M Oellingrath ◽  
Martin V Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
10Th Grade ◽  
Health Related

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate BMI-specific associations between health-related behaviours in early adolescence and the likelihood of overweight in mid-adolescence in a sample of Norwegian adolescents.DesignLongitudinal study of 393 adolescents recruited from schools in Telemark County, Norway. Parents reported baseline data on children’s behavioural variables and background data (at age 12–13 years). Dietary data were reported by means of a retrospective FFQ. Eating patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Height and weight were measured at baseline and 3-year follow-up. BMI-specific differences in health-related behaviours (eating patterns, physical activity and screen time) at baseline were analysed using cross-tabulation and Pearson’s χ2 test (Fisher’s test). Associations between early health-related behaviours and the likelihood of later overweight were examined using multiple logistic regression.SettingPrimary and secondary schools, Telemark, Norway.SubjectsChildren (n 393) in 7th grade (mean age 12·7 (sd 0·3) years), followed up in 10th grade, and parents.ResultsA moderate to high intake of a varied Norwegian eating pattern combined with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≥1 h/d in the 7th grade were associated with a reduced likelihood of being overweight in the 10th grade, but only among already overweight adolescents (adjusted OR=0·2; 95 % CI 0·1, 1·0). Screen time of >3 h/d in the 7th grade was associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent overweight only among adolescents with an initial normal weight (adjusted OR=2·8; 95 % CI 1·1, 7·3).ConclusionsBMI-specific associations were observed between health-related behaviours in early adolescence and the likelihood of being overweight in mid-adolescence.

scholarly journals Lifestyle changes associated with participation in colorectal cancer screening: Prospective data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Stevens ◽  
Samuel G Smith ◽  
Charlotte Vrinten ◽  
Jo Waller ◽  
Rebecca J Beeken
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Teachable Moment ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Objectives Population-based cancer screening has been described as a teachable moment for behaviour change. This research examined the effect of faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) participation on smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity. Setting Data were from screening-naïve men within the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, receiving their first FOBT invitation (n = 774). Four waves of data were included in analyses (wave 4, 2008/2009 – wave 7, 2014/2015). Baseline data were from the wave prior to FOBT invitation, and follow-up data were from the next consecutive wave (two years later). Methods The effects of FOBT participation, time and group-by-time interactions on health behaviours were investigated using generalised estimating equations. Almost two-thirds of the sample (62.5%; n = 484) had participated in FOBT. Results Screening participants were less likely to smoke (odds ratio (OR): 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29–0.68) and more likely to meet fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.14–2.55). Smoking decreased over time (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62–0.89), but adherence to alcohol guidelines also decreased (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.91). A group-by-time interaction was found for vigorous physical activity; the odds of taking part in vigorous physical activity increased for FOBT participants, but decreased for non-participants (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01–1.95). Conclusions This research provides tentative support for FOBT as a teachable moment for increasing vigorous physical activity. However, overall, there was limited evidence for spontaneous improvement in multiple health behaviours following participation.

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