scholarly journals CHPA, a Cysteine- and Histidine-Rich-Domain-Containing Protein, Contributes to Maintenance of the Diploid State in Aspergillus nidulans

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Sadanandom ◽  
Kim Findlay ◽  
John H. Doonan ◽  
Paul Schulze-Lefert ◽  
Ken Shirasu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Rich Domain

ABSTRACT The alternation of eukaryotic life cycles between haploid and diploid phases is crucial for maintaining genetic diversity. In some organisms, the growth and development of haploid and diploid phases are nearly identical, and one might suppose that all genes required for one phase are likely to be critical for the other phase. Here, we show that targeted disruption of the chpA (cysteine- and histidine-rich-domain- [CHORD]-containing protein A) gene in haploid Aspergillus nidulans strains gives rise to chpA knockout haploids and heterozygous diploids but no chpA knockout diploids. A. nidulans chpA heterozygous diploids showed impaired conidiophore development and reduced conidiation. Deletion of chpA from diploid A. nidulans resulted in genome instability and reversion to a haploid state. Thus, our data suggest a vital role for chpA in maintenance of the diploid phase in A. nidulans. Furthermore, the human chpA homolog, Chp-1, was able to complement haploinsufficiency in A. nidulans chpA heterozygotes, suggesting that the function of CHORD-containing proteins is highly conserved in eukaryotes.

Aspergillus nidulans Mutants Defective in stc Gene Cluster Regulation

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A E Butchko ◽  
Thomas H Adams ◽  
Nancy P Keller
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Norsolorinic Acid ◽  
Genetic Block ◽  
Colored Compound ◽  
Cluster Activity

Abstract The genes involved in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (ST), a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus nidulans and an aflatoxin (AF) precursor in other Aspergillus spp., are clustered on chromosome IV of A. nidulans. The sterigmatocystin gene cluster (stc gene cluster) is regulated by the pathway-specific transcription factor aflR. The function of aflR appears to be conserved between ST- and AF-producing aspergilli, as are most of the other genes in the cluster. We describe a novel screen for detecting mutants defective in stc gene cluster activity by use of a genetic block early in the ST biosynthetic pathway that results in the accumulation of the first stable intermediate, norsolorinic acid (NOR), an orange-colored compound visible with the unaided eye. We have mutagenized this NOR-accumulating strain and have isolated 176 Nor- mutants, 83 of which appear to be wild type in growth and development. Sixty of these 83 mutations are linked to the stc gene cluster and are likely defects in aflR or known stc biosynthetic genes. Of the 23 mutations not linked to the stc gene cluster, 3 prevent accumulation of NOR due to the loss of aflR expression.

Covid-19 – rumours and facts in media

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Tarare Toshida ◽  
Chaple Jagruti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The covid-19 resulted in broad range of spread throughout the world in which India has also became a prey of it and in this situation the means of media is extensively inϑluencing the mentality of the people. Media always played a role of loop between society and sources of information. In this epidemic also media is playing a vital role in shaping the reaction in ϑirst place for both good and ill by providing important facts regarding symptoms of Corona virus, preventive measures against the virus and also how to deal with any suspect of disease to overcome covid-19. On the other hand, there are endless people who spread endless rumours overs social media and are adversely affecting life of people but we always count on media because they provide us with valuable answers to our questions, facts and everything in need. Media always remains on top of the line when it comes to stop the out spread of rumours which are surely dangerous kind of information for society. So on our side we should react fairly and maturely to handle the situation to keep it in the favour of humanity and help government not only to ϑight this pandemic but also the info emic.

State of Fashion: Searching for the New Luxury

APRIA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
José Teunissen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

In the last few years, it has often been said that the current fashion system is outdated, still operating by a twentieth-century model that celebrates the individualism of the 'star designer'. In I- D, Sarah Mower recently stated that for the last twenty years, fashion has been at a cocktail party and has completely lost any connection with the public and daily life. On the one hand, designers and big brands experience the enormous pressure to produce new collections at an ever higher pace, leaving less room for reflection, contemplation, and innovation. On the other hand, there is the continuous race to produce at even lower costs and implement more rapid life cycles, resulting in disastrous consequences for society and the environment.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Mechanism by Which Glucose Inhibits Maltose Induction of MAL Gene Expression in Saccharomyces

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Yingzi Yue ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Peter W Sherwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Protein A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maltose Permease ◽  
Inducer Exclusion ◽  
Glucose Inhibition ◽  
Independent Mechanism ◽  
Mal Genes

Abstract Expression of the MAL genes required for maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is induced by maltose and repressed by glucose. Maltose-inducible regulation requires maltose permease and the MAL-activator protein, a DNA-binding transcription factor encoded by MAL63 and its homologues at the other MAL loci. Previously, we showed that the Mig1 repressor mediates glucose repression of MAL gene expression. Glucose also blocks MAL-activator-mediated maltose induction through a Mig1p-independent mechanism that we refer to as glucose inhibition. Here we report the characterization of this process. Our results indicate that glucose inhibition is also Mig2p independent. Moreover, we show that neither overexpression of the MAL-activator nor elimination of inducer exclusion is sufficient to relieve glucose inhibition, suggesting that glucose acts to inhibit induction by affecting maltose sensing and/or signaling. The glucose inhibition pathway requires HXK2, REG1, and GSF1 and appears to overlap upstream with the glucose repression pathway. The likely target of glucose inhibition is Snf1 protein kinase. Evidence is presented indicating that, in addition to its role in the inactivation of Mig1p, Snf1p is required post-transcriptionally for the synthesis of maltose permease whose function is essential for maltose induction.

scholarly journals A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masaharu Suzuki ◽  
Suzanne Abrams ◽  
Donald R McCarty ◽  
Yuji Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

Speciation of cestoda. Evidence for two sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider 1902) (Cestoda: Cyathocephalidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Renaud ◽  
C. Gabrion
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Biological Differences

SUMMARYUsing biochemical genetic methods, we have distinguished 2 sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider, 1902), which infest 2 congeneric species of sole (Solea lascaris and Solea impar) on European coasts (Atlantic and Mediterranean). Neither of the parasite species is specific for either of the sole species, but one of them is present all year round, whereas the other is absent in the autumn and winter and only appears in the spring, subsequently disappearing at the end of the summer. Only S. impar lives in the Mediterranean, and is equally infested by both cestodes, whereas both species occur in the Atlantic and each of them is preferentially infested by 1 species of cestode. The shortness of the adult stage of the parasite in the definitive host and the presence of 2 life-cycles associated with competition between the 2 hosts in the Atlantic could be responsible for the biological differences observed and for maintaining the sibling species in sympatry.

scholarly journals Clonal analysis of the serogroup B meningococci causing New Zealand's epidemic

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. DYET ◽  
D. R. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Clonal Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Sequence Types

An epidemic of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B meningococci expressing the P1.7-2,4 PorA protein began in New Zealand in 1991. The PorA type has remained stable. Different porB have been found in association with the P1.7-2,4 PorA, although type 4 has been most common. The clonal origins of B:P1.7-2,4 meningococci isolated from cases during 1990 to the end of 2003 were analysed. In 1990, the year immediately preceding the recognized increase in disease rates, all three subclones (ST-41, ST-42, and ST-154) of the ST-41/44 clonal complex occurred among the five isolates of B:P1.7-2,4. The two sequence types, ST-42 and ST-154, continued to cause most disease throughout New Zealand. Isolates belonging to subclone ST-41 were mostly identified early in the epidemic and in the South Island. 16S rRNA typing indicated that isolates belonging to the subclones ST-41 and ST-154 share a common ancestor, with those typing as ST-42 more distantly related with some genetically ambiguous. It is possible that ST-41 and ST-154 may have evolved one from the other but evolution to ST-42 is more difficult to explain. It is possible that one or more of the ST types could have been introduced into New Zealand prior to the first detection of clinical cases in 1990. Genetic diversity may have occurred during carriage in the community.

Concept of vayu in ayurved and yogshastra – a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr sunila h deo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Introduction and Background: Yogashastra and Ayurveda are two ancient Indian sciences that have evolved separately over millennia. Many masters have contributed to the growth and development of these sciences and they have produced seminal literature and body of knowledge in both these streams. The goals and objectives of these two sciences differ from each other and accordingly their approaches too differ from each other.  Both in Yogashastra and Ayurveda, the concept of Vayu has very important place. Current effort is undertaken from the viewpoint to unravel the complementary and contradictory aspects and explore the possibility of combining the concepts so as to evolve the holistic approach. Aim: To compare the concept of Vayu as described in Yogashastra and in Ayurveda. Discussion and Results: Yogashstra the concept of Vayus is aimed solely at attaining mastery over the bodily Vayus by following Yogic disciplines to attain Moksha or final emancipation of the soul from the unending cycle of birth and death. This puts the Yogic discussion of Vayus in the realm of highest spiritual practices with the ultimate conceivable goal of human life that can be taught only by the accomplished masters and eligible seekers who fulfil the strictest eligibility criteria stipulated by Yogic discipline. On the other hand in Ayurveda the concept of Vayus is from the perspective of knowing physiology and causes of various diseases and their treatment by means of various therapies and medicines. All these things are essentially corporeal in nature and do have worldly goals to achieve.

Experimental Determination of Optimal Speeds for Alloy Steels in Plane Turning

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srikanth ◽  
V. Kamala
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Alloy Steels

In machining, speeds play vital role. The operator should know exactly the speed at which machining should be performed to get the required surface finish. In this paper, an attempt is made to determine the optimal cutting speed for machining of alloy steels. Three work piece materials having different hardness are taken and machined using a round nose tool with a coated tip. The tool dynamometer is attached to the tool post for force measurement. Turning operation on the work piece is performed on lathe at four different speeds, keeping the feed and depth of cut constant. Cutting forces acting on the tool, temperature at the tool and material interface are recorded. Power consumed being determined by a wattmeter and surface roughness values are measured. The same procedure is repeated for the other two work-pieces materials and optimal speeds for machining are determined for the three specimens. The results obtained are compared with the theoretical values and found to be very close.

PLCζ, a sperm-specific PLC and its potential role in fertilization

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Saunders ◽  
Karl Swann ◽  
F. Anthony Lai
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sperm Protein ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
The Moment

A dramatic rise in intracellular calcium plays a vital role at the moment of fertilization, eliciting the resumption of meiosis and the initiation of embryo development. In mammals, the rise takes the form of oscillations in calcium concentration within the egg, driven by an elevation in inositol trisphosphate. The causative agent of these oscillations is proposed to be a recently described phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, PLCζ, a soluble sperm protein that is delivered into the egg following membrane fusion. In the present review, we examine some of the distinctive structural and functional characteristics of this crucial enzyme that sets it apart from the other known forms of mammalian PLC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document