scholarly journals Beyond Fever and Pain: Diagnostic Methods for Chikungunya Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muktha S. Natrajan ◽  
Alejandra Rojas ◽  
Jesse J. Waggoner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Viral Detection ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
The Tropics

ABSTRACT Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that is primarily transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes. Though reports of an illness consistent with chikungunya date back over 200 years, CHIKV only gained worldwide attention during a massive pandemic that began in East Africa in 2004. Chikungunya, the clinical illness caused by CHIKV, is characterized by a rapid onset of high fever and debilitating joint pain, though in practice, etiologic confirmation of CHIKV requires the availability and use of specific laboratory diagnostics. Similar to infections caused by other arboviruses, CHIKV infections are most commonly detected with a combination of molecular and serological methods, though cell culture and antigen detection are reported. This review provides an overview of available CHIKV diagnostics and highlights aspects of basic virology and epidemiology that pertain to viral detection. Although the number of chikungunya cases has decreased since 2014, CHIKV has become endemic in countries across the tropics and will continue to cause sporadic outbreaks in naive individuals. Consistent access to accurate diagnostics is needed to detect individual cases and initiate timely responses to new outbreaks.

Possibilities of cytological diagnostics in gynecology. Human papillomavirus as an interdisciplinary problem

2022 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger ◽  
◽  
Irina Yurievna Lepina ◽  
Marina Nikolaevna Bagdasaryan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Cytological Diagnostics

The article presents an analysis of current information on the etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis of human papillomavirus. It is shown that at the current stage of development of laboratory diagnostics there is a reliable screening test — cytological examination of smears taken from the ecto- and endocervix. To diagnose HPV, a combination of microscopic (cytological studies) and molecular genetic (PCR) diagnostic methods is used.

scholarly journals Update Management of Chikungunya

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Khan Mohammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Artificial Water

Chikungunya is a viral infection first detected after an outbreak in Tanzania in 1952. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that belongs to the Togaviridae family. Incidence increases in rainy season. Exact pathogenesis is not clearly understood. Fever and arthralgia/arthritis is the striking feature of Chikungunya fever1. Few patient may develop neurological and other complication. Joint pain may persist for several years. Investigations for confirmation are Real-time PCR, Virus specific IgM antibodies and IgG antibodies. Treatments are supportive. Most patients recover completely. Death is very rare. Reducing natural & artificial water filled container habitats is the principal step of prevention.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2017;12(2): 82-85

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SUBCLINICAL FORMS OF HORMONAL-ACTIVE ADRENAL TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
P. N. Romashchenko ◽  
N. A. Maistrenko ◽  
S. G. Bliumina ◽  
A. M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Adrenal Tumors ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Catecholamine Metabolites ◽  
In Blood Plasma

The increased incidence of accidental revealing adrenal tumors in radiation studies requires further improvement of laboratory diagnostic methods for the timely detection of their latent hormonal activity and malignancy potential, as well as the determination of strategic therapeutic approaches. The aim of the work was to evaluate the capabilities of modern laboratory diagnostics in verification of latent forms of hormone-active adrenal tumors to determine further treatment tactics. The study included 207 (14.9%) of 1390 patients in whom the hormones precursors of steroidogenesis and catecholamine metabolites were studied in blood plasma by liquid chromatography, as well as tumor markers. These patients were divided into a group of subclinical forms of hormone-active NP tumors (n = 173) and a group of truly hormone-inactive formations (n=34). It has been established that pre-aldosteroma is characterized with an increase of corticosterone (8.1±3.4 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (12.3±3.0 ng/ml), 18-hydroxycorticosterone (5.4±1,4 ng/ml) in blood. For pre-corticosteroma: increased cortisol (119.2±16.1 ng/ml), 11-deoxycortisol (11.5±1.9 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (12.8±2.1 ng/ml), the ratio of cortisol/cortisone (9.1±1.6 ng/ml) in blood. The presence of «silent» pheochromocytoma was confirmed by an increase of blood free methanephrine (105.0±27.1 ng/ml) and normetanephrine (196.0±43.6 ng/ml), as well as chromogranin A (223.3±15.3 pg/ml). The latent forms of adrenocortical cancer were characterized by an increase in blood dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (45.2±3.9 μmol/L), cancer embryo antigen (9.8±1.2 ng/ml), vascular endothelial growth factor (1122.0±24.5 ng/ml), IL-6 (95.4±1.8 pg/ml), 11-deoxycortisol (21.8±4.5 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (4.2±3.2 ng/ml). All 173 patients with hormone-active NP tumors, as well as 30 (88.2%) with large (6.5±2.0 cm) hormone-inactive formations with the presence of compression syndrome, underwent adrenalectomy. Determination of the precursors of steroidogenesis and catecholamine metabolites in blood plasma by liquid chromatography can reliably identify the functional activity of adrenal tumors and determine their malignant potential, as well as substantiate indications for timely surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Coxitis in early axial spondyloarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Agafonova ◽  
T. V. Dubinina ◽  
D. G. Rumyantseva ◽  
A. B. Demina ◽  
A. V. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Joint Injury

In Russia, coxitis is one of the most common extra-axial manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, many issues regarding its early diagnosis remain unresolved.Objective: to compare the clinical manifestations of coxitis with the data from an instrumental examination of CoRSAR cohort (Cohort of Early Axial Spondyloarthritis) patients.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 175 patients (mean age, 28.2±5.7 years) diagnosed as having axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) with inflammatory back pain lasting up to 5 years, which occurred at the age of ≤45 years. There was non-radiographic axSpA (nraxSpA) in 69 patients and AS in 106 patients. 87% of patients were HLA-B27-positive. The median disease duration was 23.8 [1–60] months; BASDAI was 3.3±1.94. Regardless of complaints, all the patients underwent hip X-ray and ultrasound studies and 54 more patients had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results and discussion. The clinical signs of coxitis were present in 95 (54%) patients, of them 60% were diagnosed with AS and 40% had nraxSpA. According to the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), the median hip joint pain was 4 [3; 7]. Limited joint movement was observed in 6 (3.4%) patients. The level of hip joint pain correlated with BASDAI (r=0.53) and ASDAS (r=0.30). The ultrasound signs of coxitis were detected in 42 (24%) patients; of them 26 (62%) had the clinical manifestations of hip joint injury, and such changes were absent in 16 patients. The patients with ultrasound signs of coxitis were noted to have a higher disease activity; peripheral arthritis and enthesitis were more common. According to MRI, coxitis was diagnosed in 39 (72%) of the 54 examinees, while the disease was asymptomatic in 10%.Conclusion. Different diagnostic methods used in patients with early axSpA could reveal coxitis in 33% of cases. The patients with coxitis show higher laboratory disease activity than those without hip joint injury. It is necessary to include MRI and ultrasound in the mandatory examination of patients with axSpA.

Hepatitis B infection following deployment to Angola

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
A M Croft ◽  
J E Ollerton ◽  
N T Fear
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractWe describe the clinical illness and longterm follow up of two British personnel who acquired hepatitis B infection during a 3-month UN mission to Angola. Medical officers need to be familiar with this viral illness, which may present in military personnel after any exercise in or deployment to the tropics or subtropics.

scholarly journals Complete Coding Sequence of a Chikungunya Virus Strain Imported into Slovenia from Thailand in Late 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samo Zakotnik ◽  
Misa Korva ◽  
Nataša Knap ◽  
Barbara Robnik ◽  
Nina Gorišek Miksić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Complete Viral Genome ◽  
A226v Mutation

A case of chikungunya virus infection was imported from Thailand into Slovenia in late 2018. The infection was diagnosed using real-time reverse transcription-PCR, the virus was isolated in cell culture, and the whole genome was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the nearly complete viral genome indicated that the virus belongs to the Indian Ocean lineage but does not possess the A226V mutation in the envelope protein E1.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds against Flaviviral Infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abubakr ◽  
Subhash C Mandal ◽  
Sugato Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Large Sections

Arthropod borne flaviviral diseases are a major public health concern in the tropics. However, the majority of cases are associated with Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections. Despite their profound clinical and economic impact among large sections of the population there is a lack of effective treatment against these diseases. A large number of plants are available in nature, which may act as a source for lead molecules against various diseases including arthropod borne flaviviral infections. In this review we discuss various crude extracts as well as purified compounds from natural sources with promising anti-DENV, YFV, WNV and CHIKV activity.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Clinical Manifestations of Chikungunya Virus Disease in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Farha Musharrat Noor ◽  
Md Belal Hossain ◽  
Quazi Tarikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Joint Pain ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Subacute Stage ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background: Chikungunya is known as a mosquito-borne viral disease. It is transmitted to the human body by infected mosquitoes and caused different symptoms. The main aim of this study was to investigate the percentage of Chikungunya virus disease (CHIKV) patients who would had different clinical features at the acute or sub-acute stage of this disease in Bangladesh. Methodology: In this meta-analysis, PubMed Central and BanglaJOL had been searched. Total 8 eligible studies had been selected for quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence (PP) was used as effect measure to find the number of patients who would had different symptoms at acute or subacute stage of CHIKV disease. The pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) had been calculated using random effects model. To measure the presence of heterogeneity Cochran chi-square test was used and I2 was used to quantify the heterogeneity. Result: This meta-analysis indicated significant association between CHIKV disease patients and fever was [PP: 0.99; p-value = 0.00], joint pain [PP: 0.95, p-value = 0.00], rash [PP: 0.55, p-value = 0.00], joint swelling [PP: 0.38, p-value = 0.001], headache [PP: 0.48, p-value = 0.007], pruritus [PP: 0.37, p-value = 0.001], myalgia [PP: 0.62, p-value = 0.00], co-morbidity [PP: 0.56, p-value = 0.001] at the acute stage of the disease and joint pain persists > 1 month [PP: 0.50, p-value = 0.001] at the subacute stage of this disease. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis ever, joint pain were found as most frequently occurred symptoms at the acute stage of CHIKV disease. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2019; 30(2) : 71-77

scholarly journals Hemorrhagic colitis syndrome in children: the etiological structure in the infectious diseases clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
O. V. Molochkova ◽  
O. B. Kovalev ◽  
O. V. Shamsheva ◽  
A. A. Sakharova ◽  
N. V. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Hemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Mesenteric Adenitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The range of differential diagnostic search in the development of hemorrhagic colitis (hemocolitis) is wide enough and includes infectious and non-infectious factors. Purpose: clinical, laboratory and etiological analysis of bacterial diarrhea occurring with hemorrhagic colitis in the infectious diseases department.Materials and methods: a retrospective study of 141 case histories of those hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the2 Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G.N. Speransky of Moscow in 2019—2021 patients with clinical picture of hemocolitis. Hemocolitis was determined on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic signs (in scatology — mucus, leukocytes, erythrocytes) signs. All patients underwent routine laboratory examinations. The etiology was verified using modern methods of laboratory diagnostics (bacteriological analysis of feces, Latex test, ICA, ELISA, PCR, IHR).Results. There were 137 patients with infectious hemocolitis. Inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed in 3 children, anus fissure — in 1 child. Young children under 3 years of age prevailed (77%). The etiology of infectious hemocolitis was deciphered in 47 patients (34%). Salmonellosis (36%) and shigellosis (36%) prevailed. Campylobacteriosis, clostridiosis-dificile and klebsiellosis accounted for 11%, 9% and 6% of cases, respectively. Yersiniosis was detected in 1 child at the age of 5 months. The severe form was found in 5.8% of cases, in most cases with shigellosis. Symptoms of intoxication and febrile fever were expressed in all patients, vomiting — in 28.5%, abdominal pain — in 94%, mesenteric adenitis on ultrasound — in 15%, diarrhea with a frequency of more than 5 times a day — in 84%, dehydration — in 64%, intercurrent diseases (ARVI, pneumonia) — in 41.3% of cases. Inflammatory changes in infectious hemocolitis were manifested by an increase in C-reactive protein in 71% (23.91 ± 24.17 mg/l), leukocytosis — in 69% (11.58 ± 3.52 х103 / μl), thrombocytosis — in 26%, an increase in the relative number of stab neutrophils in the general blood test in 78% of cases (10.95 ± 0.4%).Conclusions. Differential diagnostic search in the development of hemocolitis should include modern diagnostic methods, if necessary, additional instrumental studies and specialist consultations to exclude inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of high affinity and highly stable anti-Chikungunya virus antibodies using ALTHEA Gold Libraries™

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Pedraza-Escalona ◽  
Omar Guzmán-Bringas ◽  
Ivan Arrieta-Oliva ◽  
Keyla Gómez-Castellano ◽  
Juana Salinas-Trujano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Sds Page

Abstract Background More than three million infections were attributed to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the 2014–2016 outbreak in Mexico, Central and South America, with over 500 deaths directly or indirectly related to this viral disease. CHIKV outbreaks are recurrent and no vaccine nor approved therapeutics exist to prevent or treat CHIKV infection. Reliable and robust diagnostic methods are thus critical to control future CHIKV outbreaks. Direct CHIKV detection in serum samples via highly specific and high affinity anti-CHIKV antibodies has shown to be an early and effective clinical diagnosis. Methods Chikungunya virions isolated from serum of a patient in Veracruz, México, were purified and characterized via electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE and binding to diverse well-characterized anti-CHIKV monoclonal antibodies. UV-inactivated CHIKV particles were used as selector in a solid-phase panning coupled with ELISA-based screening and Next-Generation Sequencing to discover specific and high affinity anti-CHIKV antibodies from ALTHEA Gold Libraries™. Results The CHIKV isolate showed the typical morphology of the virus. Protein bands in the SDS-PAGE were consistent with the size of its capsid proteins. UV-inactivated CHIKV particles bound tightly the control antibodies. The lead antibodies here obtained showed high expression yield, monomeric content over 95% after a single-step Protein A purification, and importantly, a thermal stability above 75oC. Most of the antibodies recognized linear epitopes on E2, including the highest affinity antibody called C7. A sandwich ELISA implemented with C7 and a potent neutralizing antibody isolated elsewhere, also specific for E2 but recognizing a discontinuous epitope, showed a dynamic range of 0.2–40.0 µγ/mL of UV-inactivated CHIKV purified preparation. The number of CHIKV particles estimated based on the concentration of E2 in the extract suggested that the assay could detect clinically meaningful amounts of CHIKV in serum. Conclusions The newly discovered antibodies offer valuable tools for characterization of CHIKV isolates and development of robust diagnostic tools for CHIKV infection surveillance. Application of ALTHEA Gold Libraries™ in combination with viral particles other than CHIKV could expedite the discovery and development of antibodies for detection and control of emergent and quickly spreading viral outbreaks such as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

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