scholarly journals Species Deletions from Microbiome Consortia Reveal Key Metabolic Interactions between Gut Microbes

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Gutiérrez ◽  
Daniel Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The gut microbiome is a complex microbial community that plays a key role in human health. Diet is an important factor dictating gut microbiome composition. This is mediated by multiple microbe-microbe interactions that result in the fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates and the production of short-chain fatty acids. Certain species play key metabolic roles in the microbiome, and their disappearance could result in dysbiosis. In this work, a synthetic consortium of 14 gut microbes was studied during the utilization of prebiotic inulin in batch bioreactors. Fermentations were repeated leaving one species out every time, in order to evaluate the impact of their elimination on the system. Substrate consumption, microbial composition, and metabolite production were determined. Single deletions never resulted in a complete loss of bacterial growth or inulin consumption, suggesting functional redundancy. Deletions of Bacteroides dorei and Lachnoclostridium clostridioforme resulted in lower biomass and higher residual inulin. The absence of B. dorei impacted the abundance of the other 10 species negatively. Lachnoclostridium symbiosum, a butyrate producer, appeared to be the most sensitive species to deletions, being stimulated by the presence of Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. dorei, and Lactobacillus plantarum. Conversely, bioreactors without these species did not show butyrate production. L. clostridioforme was observed to be essential for propionate production, and B. dorei for lactate production. Our analysis identified specific members that were essential for the function of the consortium. In conclusion, species deletions from microbial consortia could be a useful approach to identify relevant interactions between microorganisms and defining metabolic roles in the gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE Gut microbes associate, compete for, and specialize in specific metabolic tasks. These interactions are dictated by the cross-feeding of degradation or fermentation products. However, the individual contribution of microbes to the function of the gut microbiome is difficult to evaluate. It is essential to understand the complexity of microbial interactions and how the presence or absence of specific microorganisms affects the stability and functioning of the gut microbiome. The experimental approach of this study could be used for identifying keystone species, in addition to redundant functions and conditions that contribute to community stability. Redundancy is an important feature of the microbiome, and its reduction could be useful for the design of microbial consortia with desired metabolic properties enhancing the tasks of the keystone species.

scholarly journals The Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on Human Gut Microbiota Based on Cross-Sectional and Pre- and Postdeworming Comparisons in Western Kenya

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice V. Easton ◽  
Mariam Quiñones ◽  
Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin ◽  
Rita G. Oliveira ◽  
Stella Kepha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Average Fold Change ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Murine studies suggest that the presence of some species of intestinal helminths is associated with changes in host microbiota composition and diversity. However, studies in humans have produced varied conclusions, and the impact appears to vary widely depending on the helminth species present. To demonstrate how molecular approaches to the human gut microbiome can provide insights into the complex interplay among disparate organisms, DNA was extracted from cryopreserved stools collected from residents of 5 rural Kenyan villages prior to and 3 weeks and 3 months following albendazole (ALB) therapy. Samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the presence of 8 species of intestinal parasites and by MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on pretreatment results, the presence of neither Ascaris lumbricoides nor Necator americanus infection significantly altered the overall diversity of the microbiota in comparison with age-matched controls. Following ALB therapy and clearance of soil-transmitted helminths (STH), there were significant increases in the proportion of the microbiota made up by Clostridiales (P = 0.0002; average fold change, 0.57) and reductions in the proportion made up by Enterobacteriales (P = 0.0004; average fold change, −0.58). There was a significant posttreatment decrease in Chao1 richness, even among individuals who were uninfected pretreatment, suggesting that antimicrobial effects must be considered in any posttreatment setting. Nevertheless, the helminth-associated changes in Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales suggest that clearance of STH, and of N. americanus in particular, alters the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome is an important factor in human health. It is affected by what we eat, what medicines we take, and what infections we acquire. In turn, it affects the way we absorb nutrients and whether we have excessive intestinal inflammation. Intestinal worms may have an important impact on the composition of the gut microbiome. Without a complete understanding of the impact of mass deworming programs on the microbiome, it is impossible to accurately calculate the cost-effectiveness of such public health interventions and to guard against any possible deleterious side effects. Our research examines this question in a “real-world” setting, using a longitudinal cohort, in which individuals with and without worm infections are treated with deworming medication and followed up at both three weeks and three months posttreatment. We quantify the impact of roundworms and hookworms on gut microbial composition, suggesting that the impact is small, but that treatment of hookworm infection results in significant changes. This work points to the need for follow-up studies to further examine the impact of hookworm on the gut microbiota and determine the health consequences of the observed changes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chiu ◽  
Genoa Warner ◽  
Romana A Nowak ◽  
Jodi A Flaws ◽  
Wenyan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Since the surge of microbiome research in the last decade, many studies have provided insight into the causes and consequences of changes in the gut microbiota. Among the multiple factors involved in regulating the microbiome, exogenous factors such as diet and environmental chemicals have been shown to alter the gut microbiome significantly. Although diet substantially contributes to changes in the gut microbiome, environmental chemicals are major contaminants in our food and are often overlooked. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on major classes of environmental chemicals (bisphenols, phthalates, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pesticides) and their impact on the gut microbiome, which includes alterations in microbial composition, gene expression, function, and health effects in the host. We then discuss health-related implications of gut microbial changes, which include changes in metabolism, immunity, and neurological function.

scholarly journals An Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Accelerate Clearance of Salmonella Infections in Poultry through Modifications to the Gut Microbiome

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril ◽  
Natasha Butz ◽  
Maria Belen Cadenas ◽  
Matthew Koci ◽  
Anne Ballou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Salmonella is estimated to cause one million foodborne illnesses in the United States every year. Salmonella -contaminated poultry products are one of the major sources of salmonellosis. Given the critical role of the gut microbiota in Salmonella transmission, a manipulation of the chicken intestinal microenvironment could prevent animal colonization by the pathogen. In Salmonella , the global regulator gene fnr ( f umarate n itrate r eduction) regulates anaerobic metabolism and is essential for adapting to the gut environment. This study tested the hypothesis that an attenuated Fnr mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (attST) or prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) could improve resistance to wild-type Salmonella via modifications to the structure of the chicken gut microbiome. Intestinal samples from a total of 273 animals were collected weekly for 9 weeks to evaluate the impact of attST or prebiotic supplementation on microbial species of the cecum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. We next analyzed changes to the gut microbiome induced by challenging the animals with a wild-type Salmonella serovar 4,[5],12:r:− (Nal r ) strain and determined the clearance rate of the virulent strain in the treated and control groups. Both GOS and the attenuated Salmonella strain modified the gut microbiome but elicited alterations of different taxonomic groups. The attST produced significant increases of Alistipes and undefined Lactobacillus , while GOS increased Christensenellaceae and Lactobacillus reuteri . The microbiome structural changes induced by both treatments resulted in a faster clearance after a Salmonella challenge. IMPORTANCE With an average annual incidence of 13.1 cases/100,000 individuals, salmonellosis has been deemed a nationally notifiable condition in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Earlier studies demonstrated that Salmonella is transmitted by a subset of animals (supershedders). The supershedder phenotype can be induced by antibiotics, ascertaining an essential role for the gut microbiota in Salmonella transmission. Consequently, modulation of the gut microbiota and modification of the intestinal microenvironment could assist in preventing animal colonization by the pathogen. Our study demonstrated that a manipulation of the chicken gut microbiota by the administration of an attenuated Salmonella strain or prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) can promote resistance to Salmonella colonization via increases of beneficial microorganisms that translate into a less hospitable gut microenvironment.

scholarly journals Genome Shrinkage and Loss of Nutrient-Providing Potential in the Obligate Symbiont of the Primitive Termite Mastotermes darwiniensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakee L. Sabree ◽  
Charlie Ye Huang ◽  
Gaku Arakawa ◽  
Gaku Tokuda ◽  
Nathan Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Diet Shift ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Relaxed Selection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Termite Gut ◽  
Show Evidence

ABSTRACTBeneficial microbial associations with insects are common and are classified as either one or a few intracellular species that are vertically transmitted and reside intracellularly within specialized organs or as microbial assemblages in the gut. Cockroaches and termites maintain at least one if not both beneficial associations.Blattabacteriumis a flavobacterial endosymbiont of nearly all cockroaches and the termiteMastotermes darwiniensisand can use nitrogenous wastes in essential amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis. Key changes during the evolutionary divergence of termites from cockroaches are loss ofBlattabacterium, diet shift to wood, acquisition of a specialized hindgut microbiota, and establishment of advanced social behavior. Termite gut microbes collaborate to fix nitrogen, degrade lignocellulose, and produce nutrients, and the absence ofBlattabacteriumin nearly all termites suggests that its nutrient-provisioning role has been replaced by gut microbes.M. darwiniensisis a basal, extant termite that solely retainsBlattabacterium, which would show evidence of relaxed selection if it is being supplanted by the gut microbiome. This termite-associatedBlattabacteriumgenome is ∼8% smaller than cockroach-associatedBlattabacteriumgenomes and lacks genes underlying vitamin and essential amino acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, theM. darwiniensisgut microbiome membership is more consistent between individuals and includes specialized termite gut-associated bacteria, unlike the more variable membership of cockroach gut microbiomes. TheM. darwiniensis Blattabacteriumgenome may reflect relaxed selection for some of its encoded functions, and the loss of this endosymbiont in all remaining termite genera may result from its replacement by a functionally complementary gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Multi-Body-Site Microbiome and Culture Profiling of Military Trainees Suffering from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections at Fort Benning, Georgia

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatinder Singh ◽  
Ryan C. Johnson ◽  
Carey D. Schlett ◽  
Emad M. Elassal ◽  
Katrina B. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nasal Microbiota

ABSTRACT While it is evident that nasal colonization with S. aureus increases the likelihood of SSTI, there is a significant lack of information regarding the contribution of extranasal colonization to the overall risk of a subsequent SSTI. Furthermore, the impact of S. aureus colonization on bacterial community composition outside the nasal microbiota is unclear. Thus, this report represents the first investigation that utilized both culture and high-throughput sequencing techniques to analyze microbial dysbiosis at multiple body sites of healthy and diseased/colonized individuals. The results described here may be useful in the design of future methodologies to treat and prevent SSTIs. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common in the general population, with increased prevalence among military trainees. Previous research has revealed numerous nasal microbial signatures that correlate with SSTI development and Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Thus, we hypothesized that the ecology of the inguinal, oropharynx, and perianal regions may also be altered in response to SSTI and/or S. aureus colonization. We collected body site samples from 46 military trainees with purulent abscess (SSTI group) as well as from 66 asymptomatic controls (non-SSTI group). We also collected abscess cavity samples to assess the microbial composition of these infections. Samples were analyzed by culture, and the microbial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing. We found that the nasal, inguinal, and perianal regions were similar in microbial composition and significantly differed from the oropharynx. We also observed differences in Anaerococcus and Streptococcus abundance between the SSTI and non-SSTI groups for the nasal and oropharyngeal regions, respectively. Furthermore, we detected community membership differences between the SSTI and non-SSTI groups for the nasal and inguinal sites. Compared to that of the other regions, the microbial compositions of the nares of S. aureus carriers and noncarriers were dramatically different; we noted an inverse correlation between the presence of Corynebacterium and the presence of Staphylococcus in the nares. This correlation was also observed for the inguinal region. Culture analysis revealed elevated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) colonization levels for the SSTI group in the nasal and inguinal body sites. Together, these data suggest significant microbial variability in patients with SSTI as well as between S. aureus carriers and noncarriers. IMPORTANCE While it is evident that nasal colonization with S. aureus increases the likelihood of SSTI, there is a significant lack of information regarding the contribution of extranasal colonization to the overall risk of a subsequent SSTI. Furthermore, the impact of S. aureus colonization on bacterial community composition outside the nasal microbiota is unclear. Thus, this report represents the first investigation that utilized both culture and high-throughput sequencing techniques to analyze microbial dysbiosis at multiple body sites of healthy and diseased/colonized individuals. The results described here may be useful in the design of future methodologies to treat and prevent SSTIs.

scholarly journals SAT-281 Chronic, Excess Growth Hormone Action Alters the Development and Aging of the Microbial Community in the Mouse Gut

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ann Jensen ◽  
Zachary Jackson ◽  
Jonathan Alan Young ◽  
Jaycie Kuhn ◽  
Maria Onusko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Function ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Development And Aging

Abstract Emerging evidence proposes that the gut microbiome has an vital role in host growth, metabolism and endocrinology. That is, gut microbes impact growth by potentially altering the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis. Our previous research has also shown that GH - in states of absence and excess - is associated with altered gut microbial composition, maturity and predictive metabolic function in mice. Moreover, both GH and the gut microbiome are implicated in development and aging. Yet, it is unknown how GH impacts the longitudinal microbiome. This study thus aimed to characterize the longitudinal changes in the gut microbial profile of bovine GH transgenic mice (a model of chronic, excess GH action and accelerated aging). Microbial composition was quantified from fecal pellets of the same bGH and control mice at 3, 6 and 12 months of age through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and QIIME 2. Additional bioinformatic analyses assessed the unique signature and predictive metabolic function of the microbiome. The bGH mice had a distinct microbial profile compared to controls longitudinally. At 3 months, bGH mice had increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, decreased Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Campylobacterota, and a significant reduction in microbial richness and evenness. By 6 months, all of the aforesaid phyla were increased with the exception of Firmicutes. By 12 months, bGH mice exhibited dysbiosis with increased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and reduced Bacteroidetes, microbial richness and evenness. Moreover, abundance in Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Campylobacterota were significantly explained by the combined effect of genotype and age (p = 0.006, 0.005 and 0.02, respectively). Across all timepoints, bGH mice had a significantly different microbiome compared to controls (p = 0.002), and the development of microbial richness and evenness were also significantly different in bGH mice (p = 0.034 and 0.023). Bacterial genera Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were identified as a unique candidates in bGH mice across all timepoints. Likewise, metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis of heme b, menaquinol, acetate and butyrate differentiated the longitudinal bGH microbiome. Collectively, these results show that chronic, excess GH impacts the development and aging of the gut microbiome. Notably, several of the stated bacterial genera and metabolic pathways were associated with GH in our previous study, suggesting that GH may influence the longitudinal presence of certain gut microbes and metabolic functions. Additional studies will be performed to further explore the GH-associated gut microbiome and its impact on host health. Research was partially funded by the John J. Kopchick MCB/TBS Fellowship, a fellowship from the Osteopathic Heritage Foundation and the MMPC at UC, Davis (NIH grant U240DK092993).

scholarly journals Microbiability of meat quality and carcass composition traits in swine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piush Khanal ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Clint Schwab ◽  
Justin Fix ◽  
Francesco Tiezzi
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Genomic Heritability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundSwine gut microbiome constitutes a portion of the whole genome and has potential to affect different phenotypes. More recently, research is more directed towards association of gut microbiome and different traits in swine. However, the contribution of microbial composition to the phenotypic variation of meat quality and carcass composition traits in pigs has not been explored yet. The objectives of this study are to estimate the microbiabilities for different meat quality and carcass composition traits; to investigate the impact of intestinal microbiome on heritability estimates; to estimate the correlation between microbial diversity and meat quality and carcass composition traits; and to estimate the microbial correlation between the meat quality and carcass composition traits in a commercial swine population.ResultsThe contribution of the microbiome to carcass composition and meat quality traits was prominent although it varied over time, increasing from weaning to off test for most traits. Microbiability estimates of carcass composition traits were greater than that of meat quality traits. Among all of the traits analyzed, belly weight had higher microbiability estimate (0.29 ± 0.04). Adding microbiome information did not affect the estimates of genomic heritability of meat quality traits but affected the estimates of carcass composition traits. Fat depth had greater decrease (10%) in genomic heritability. High microbial correlations were found among several traits. This suggested that genomic correlation was partially contributed by genetic similarity of microbiome composition.ConclusionsResults indicate that better understanding of microbial composition could aid the improvement of complex traits, particularly the carcass composition traits in swine by inclusion of microbiome information in the genetic evaluation process.

scholarly journals Probiotics maintain the gut microbiome homeostasis during Indian Antarctic expedition by ship

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Vishwajeet Rohil ◽  
Brij Bhushan ◽  
Malleswara Rao Eslavath ◽  
Harshita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding Modules ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Probiotic Intervention ◽  
The Impact

AbstractShip voyage to Antarctica is a stressful journey for expedition members. The response of human gut microbiota to ship voyage and a feasible approach to maintain gut health, is still unexplored. The present findings describe a 24-day long longitudinal study involving 19 members from 38th Indian Antarctic Expedition, to investigate the impact of ship voyage and effect of probiotic intervention on gut microbiota. Fecal samples collected on day 0 as baseline and at the end of ship voyage (day 24), were analyzed using whole genome shotgun sequencing. Probiotic intervention reduced the sea sickness by 10% compared to 44% in placebo group. The gut microbiome in placebo group members on day 0 and day 24, indicated significant alteration compared to a marginal change in the microbial composition in probiotic group. Functional analysis revealed significant alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Carbohydrate-active enzymes analysis represented functional genes involved in glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases and carbohydrate binding modules, for maintaining gut microbiome homeostasis. Suggesting thereby the possible mechanism of probiotic in stabilizing and restoring gut microflora during stressful ship journey. The present study is first of its kind, providing a feasible approach for protecting gut health during Antarctic expedition involving ship voyage.

scholarly journals Covert Cross-Feeding Revealed by Genome-Wide Analysis of Fitness Determinants in a Synthetic Bacterial Mutualism

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breah LaSarre ◽  
Adam M. Deutschbauer ◽  
Crystal E. Love ◽  
James B. McKinlay
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Genome Wide

ABSTRACT Microbial interactions abound in natural ecosystems and shape community structure and function. Substantial attention has been given to cataloging mechanisms by which microbes interact, but there is a limited understanding of the genetic landscapes that promote or hinder microbial interactions. We previously developed a mutualistic coculture pairing Escherichia coli and Rhodopseudomonas palustris, wherein E. coli provides carbon to R. palustris in the form of glucose fermentation products and R. palustris fixes N2 gas and provides nitrogen to E. coli in the form of NH4+. The stable coexistence and reproducible trends exhibited by this coculture make it ideal for interrogating the genetic underpinnings of a cross-feeding mutualism. Here, we used random barcode transposon sequencing (RB-TnSeq) to conduct a genome-wide search for E. coli genes that influence fitness during cooperative growth with R. palustris. RB-TnSeq revealed hundreds of genes that increased or decreased E. coli fitness in a mutualism-dependent manner. Some identified genes were involved in nitrogen sensing and assimilation, as expected given the coculture design. The other identified genes were involved in diverse cellular processes, including energy production and cell wall and membrane biogenesis. In addition, we discovered unexpected purine cross-feeding from R. palustris to E. coli, with coculture rescuing growth of an E. coli purine auxotroph. Our data provide insight into the genes and gene networks that can influence a cross-feeding mutualism and underscore that microbial interactions are not necessarily predictable a priori. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities impact life on Earth in profound ways, including driving global nutrient cycles and influencing human health and disease. These community functions depend on the interactions that resident microbes have with the environment and each other. Thus, identifying genes that influence these interactions will aid the management of natural communities and the use of microbial consortia as biotechnology. Here, we identified genes that influenced Escherichia coli fitness during cooperative growth with a mutualistic partner, Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Although this mutualism centers on the bidirectional exchange of essential carbon and nitrogen, E. coli fitness was positively and negatively affected by genes involved in diverse cellular processes. Furthermore, we discovered an unexpected purine cross-feeding interaction. These results contribute knowledge on the genetic foundation of a microbial cross-feeding interaction and highlight that unanticipated interactions can occur even within engineered microbial communities.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Tumor Growth by Dietary Indole-3-Carbinol in a Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model May Be Associated with Disrupted Gut Microbial Interactions

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbei Wu ◽  
Robert Li ◽  
Haiqiu Huang ◽  
Arnetta Fletcher ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition

Accumulated evidence suggests that the cruciferous vegetables-derived compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C) may protect against prostate cancer, but the precise mechanisms underlying its action remain unclear. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that the beneficial effect of dietary I3C may be due to its modulatory effect on the gut microbiome of mice. Athymic nude mice (5–7 weeks old, male, Balb c/c nu/nu) with established tumor xenografts were fed a basal diet (AIN-93) with or without 1 µmoles I3C/g for 9 weeks. The effects of dietary I3C on gut microbial composition and microbial species interactions were then examined by 16s rRNA gene-based sequencing and co-occurrence network analysis. I3C supplementation significantly inhibited tumor growth (p < 0.0001) and altered the structure of gut microbiome. The abundance of the phylum Deferribacteres, more specifically, Mucispirillum schaedleri, was significantly increased by dietary I3C. Additionally, I3C consumption also changed gut microbial co-occurrence patterns. One of the network modules in the control group, consisting of seven bacteria in family S-27, was positively correlated with tumor size (p < 0.009). Moreover, dietary I3C disrupted microbial interactions and altered this association between specific microbial network and tumor development. Our results unraveled complex relationships among I3C ingestion, gut microbiota, and prostate tumor development and may provide a novel insight into the mechanism for the chemopreventive effect of dietary I3C on prostate cancer.

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