scholarly journals ‘It feels like being trapped in an abusive relationship’: bullying prevalence and consequences in the New Zealand senior medical workforce: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte N L Chambers ◽  
Christopher M A Frampton ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Murray Barclay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Medical Workforce ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Managerial Support

ObjectivesTo estimate prevalence of and factors contributing to bullying among senior doctors and dentists in New Zealand’s public health system, to ascertain rates of reporting bullying behaviour, perceived barriers to reporting and the effects of bullying professionally and personally.DesignCross-sectional, mixed methods study.SettingNew Zealand.ParticipantsMembers of the Association of Salaried Medical Specialists (40.8% response rate).Main outcome measuresPrevalence of bullying was measured using the Negative Acts Questionnaire (revised) (NAQ-r). Workplace demands and level of peer and managerial support were measured with the Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Analysis tool. Categories of perpetrators for self-reported and witnessed bullying and barriers to reporting bullying were obtained and qualitative data detailing the consequence of bullying were analysed thematically.ResultsThe overall prevalence of bullying, measured by the NAQ-r, was 38% (at least one negative act on a weekly or daily basis), 37.2% self-reported and 67.5% witnessed. There were significant differences in rates of bullying by specialty (P=0.001) with emergency medicine reporting the highest bullying prevalence (47.9%). The most commonly cited perpetrators were other senior medical or dental specialists. 69.6% declined to report their bullying. Bullying across all measures was significantly associated with increasing work demands and lower peer and managerial support (P=0.001). Consequences of bullying were wide ranging, affecting workplace environments, personal well-being and subjective quality of patient care.ConclusionsBullying is prevalent in New Zealand’s senior medical workforce and is associated with high workloads and low peer and managerial support. These findings help identify conditions and pressures that may encourage bullying and highlight the significant risk of bullying for individuals and their patients.

scholarly journals Doctor Retention in Ireland - Where Are the Failings That Prolong the Problem? Comment on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozie Offiah ◽  
Frank Murray ◽  
Consilia Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Current System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Workforce ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Service Executive ◽  
Positive Effects

The issue of doctor retention has been a challenge in Ireland for many years. Poor working conditions including poor supervision, cost of training, bullying, worsening mentoring experiences and speciality specific issues are a substantial challenge faced by doctors in Ireland, thus leading to a higher degree of emigration. While some changes have been introduced to the system and have some positive effects, the root causes of doctor emigration have not been addressed. This commentary reviews the publication by Brugha et al published in the IJHPM in April 2020 on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle" and explains why the current system needs to change for the benefit of patient safety, doctor well-being and better patient care. Ireland’s Health Service Executive intends to take steps towards developing a new model of medical workforce to address the issue of recruitment and retention challenges within the healthcare system.

scholarly journals Legislators' Perceptions and Knowledge of the Athletic Training Profession: Specific Considerations for Secondary Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1140-1148
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Pike Lacy ◽  
Christianne M. Eason ◽  
Rebecca L. Stearns ◽  
Sararat Tosakoon ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
State Legislators ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Trainers

Context Legislation has played a role in advancing the athletic training profession and improving the health and safety of student-athletes. However, few researchers have examined state legislators' perceptions and awareness of the skills and qualifications accompanying the athletic trainer (AT) role. Objective To explore state legislators' perceptions of the athletic training profession and knowledge related to qualifications and responsibilities of ATs. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Web-based questionnaire. Patients or Other Participants State legislators representing 34 states (N = 143; 67.13% male, 32.87% female). Their average age was 58.7 ± 11.7 years, and they had served 7.4 ± 6.9 years in their current role. A majority served as members of the state house or assembly (n = 98, 68.5%), and 31.5% served in the state senate. Main Outcome Measure(s) Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Spearman ρ correlations assessed relationships between perceptions and knowledge of the profession. Stepwise regression analysis determined predictors of knowledge and perceived value of athletic training. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively. Results Approximately 69% of respondents considered an AT to be a trusted source of medical information, and 16% considered an AT as the most appropriate individual to provide medical care to an injured athlete on a daily basis. Thirty percent of state legislators selected AT employed at the school as a top sports safety measure. Three themes emerged from the inductive analysis: (1) recognition of the prevention domain, (2) misconception of ATs as personal trainers or strength and conditioning coaches, and (3) lack of knowledge regarding ATs' educational requirements. Conclusions Legislators demonstrated limited knowledge of the AT profession. When legislator knowledge of AT qualifications and responsibilities was high, value of the AT profession also significantly improved. Future efforts should focus on enhancing legislators' knowledge to increase the value placed on the athletic training profession and improve health and safety for secondary school athletes.

scholarly journals Quality of life of family caregivers of children with microcephaly

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e54159
Author(s):  
Layla Beatriz Melo de Oliveira ◽  
Aline Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel de Macêdo Rocha ◽  
Márcia Teles de Oliveira Gouveia ◽  
Rosana dos Santos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Assess the quality of life of family caregivers of children with microcephaly. This is an analytical cross-sectional study developed in Teresina-PI, carried out in a rehabilitation center. For data collection a form was used to investigate the sociodemographic profile and the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey instrument to assess quality of life. For data analysis, we used the statistical tests Student's t, ANOVA, U- Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. The descriptive analysis of the results showed that the functional capacity domain presented the most impairment by obtaining the highest score. The dimensions vitality and pain showed the lowest averages, representing the less affected domains. The associations between the sociodemographic characteristics and the domains of quality of life were significant between the variables marital status and pain, education and the domains vitality and emotional aspect, and between employment status and general health status. The quality of life of family caregivers presented losses related to the change of routine and the difficulties faced on a daily basis, highlighting the importance of covering the health of caregivers within the assistance offered to children with special needs, contributing to the well-being of those who care and consequently of those who are cared for.

scholarly journals Personal and Relational Outcomes of Online Pornography Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Rodrigues ◽  
Joana Martins
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Pornography ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Relational Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has forced the world into social isolation and confinement for health and safety reasons. Such changes affected the way people connect with each other, which had repercussions on health and well-being. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, researchers have been striving to understand the effects of the pandemic at social, personal and relational levels. Some people have experienced heightened sexual desire and made new additions to their sexual repertoire. We extended these findings by examining the personal and relational outcomes of joint and solitary online pornography use. Results from a cross-sectional study (N = 301 participants; 56.5% men; Mage = 31.36, SD = 10.57) showed that participants indicated adherence to confinement policies, changes in lifestyle, and fear of becoming infected with COVID-19. Participants also indicated decreased sexual desire since the outbreak, but also increased willingness to have sex. Results also showed that joint pornography use was associated with more sex quality and more satisfaction and intimacy with their partners, which in turn was associated with better perceived physical health and better sleep quality. The reverse pattern was found for solitary pornography use. Lastly, overall results were consistent for single and pattered people. These findings show the personal and relational benefits of using online pornography with partners use during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Understanding children’s perceptions of, and priorities for, healthy neighbourhoods in Aotearoa New Zealand: study protocol for a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047368
Author(s):  
Victoria Egli ◽  
Sandra Mandic ◽  
Tessa Pocock ◽  
Anantha Narayanan ◽  
Lisa Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

IntroductionNeighbourhood environments can have significant and enduring impacts on children’s physical, psychological and social health. Environments can impact health through promoting or hindering physical activity, active travel, and healthy eating in addition to opportunities for social interaction, cognitive development, rest and relaxation. There is a paucity of research that has examined neighbourhood and health priorities, strengths and needs from the perspectives of the community, and even less that has focused on the perspectives of children within communities. The aim of this article is to describe the research protocol for a project to gather child-identified needs and strengths-based solutions for promoting child health and well-being in urban neighbourhood environments.Methods and analysisThis participatory research project is designed to partner with children in school settings in Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland and Ōtepoti Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand. An abundant communities approach will be used with children to identify needs and strengths related to neighbourhoods and health. Specific methods including collaborative, creative, play-based methods such as concept-mapping activities and co-creation of final dissemination material on the key messages are described. Plans for researcher reflections, data analysis and dissemination are also detailed.Ethics and disseminationThis research has been approved by the University of Auckland Human Participants Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through child and researcher co-created output, a technical report and academic journal articles. By using evidence-based child-centred approaches to knowledge generation, we anticipate the research will generate new localised insights about children’s preferences and needs for healthy neighbourhoods which will be shared with stakeholders in planning and practice. The detailed session protocol including critical researcher reflections is shared in this manuscript for application, development and refinement in future research.

scholarly journals An assessment of knowledge and practices relating to the usage of sanitary pads

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrita Rai ◽  
Faine Crimbly ◽  
Summaya Aftab ◽  
Aleena Baig ◽  
Nathaline Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sanitary Pads ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The City ◽  
Do So

Background: The knowledge of the proper use, disposal of sanitary pads, and its related side effects during menstruation is a vital aspect of a woman’s well-being. Use of sanitary pads appropriately and replacing them on time are essential practices needed to maintain menstrual hygiene. Failure to do so may lead to detrimental consequences that could affect the health of women and make them susceptible to reproductive tract infections. Objectives were to assess a range of factors considered by female about the usage of sanitary pads and the various methods employed regarding its disposal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March to June 2018, in the city of Karachi, by students of Jinnah Sindh Medical University. A sampling technique was used to select 391 females. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire, by convenience sampling. Response of the participants was acquired using a 5-point Likert scale.Results: In total, 391 females from the city took part in this study; their ages ranging between 15-45 years. 95.7% of these females preferred sanitary pads over cloth, tampons, menstrual cups and toilet paper. Many women using sanitary pads believed, pads should be replaced often while menstruating and failure to do so may increase the risk of contracting infections (p≤0.01).Conclusions: The findings showed that a significant number of women are aware of the risks associated with sanitary napkins and have adequate knowledge related to its proper usage. The study also presented no significant risk of adverse effects associated with the use of sanitary pads.

scholarly journals Resilience among undergraduate nursing students: Findings of the first cross-sectional study in Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Alkaissi ◽  
N.B Said ◽  
Sh Qadous ◽  
O AlMahmoud ◽  
M AlKony
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing

Abstract Background Resilience has emerged as a concept that could explain and predict good academic and well-being of students in stressful and traumatic situations. This study was conducted to assess resilience and identify predictors of high resilience scores among nursing students in Palestine. Methods This cross-sectional study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. Undergraduate nursing students in all academic years were recruited and asked to complete a questionnaire the contained the trait and state resilience scales. Results In this study, 290 students completed the questionnaire (response rate = 92.4%). The mean combined resilience score was 134.1 (SD: 12.8). Higher combined resilience scores were predicted by being in first academic year (p-value < 0.003), living in Israeli seized areas (p-value < 0.044), absence of chronic diseases (p-value = 0.035), experiencing addiction issues (p-value = 0.031), living in a house with enough number of rooms per siblings (p-value = 0.015), and having a study routine on daily basis (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions Undergraduate nursing students in Palestine reported relatively high trait and state resilience. Higher resilience scores were predicted by favorable living and study conditions. More studies are still needed to investigate the relationship between resilience scores, perceived well-being, willingness to care, and future success of nursing students in Palestine.

scholarly journals The Use of Traditional Risk Factors to Identify Children at Risk of Prediabetes May Miss Children in Some Ethnic Groups (P11-122-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela von Hurst ◽  
Donna Lawgun ◽  
Cath Conlon ◽  
Kathryn Beck ◽  
Cheryl Gammon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

Abstract Objectives To explore indicators of T2DM risk in a multi-ethnic group of children, using HbA1c as the dependent variable. Methods This data was from a subset of the 730 children recruited for the Children's Bone Study, a cross-sectional study of 8–11 year-old children in Auckland, New Zealand. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured from a finger-prick blood test (Roche Cobas). Anthropometry included weight, height, waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and percentage body fat (%BF). Ethnicity, gender, age, and physical activity (PA) were assessed by questionnaires completed by the parents or guardians. Regression analysis was used to explore which independent variables best predicted variance in HbA1c. Results When children (n = 451, 10.4 + 0.6 years, 45% male) were classified by glycaemic status, 71 (15.7%) had HbA1c levels indicative of prediabetes (> 39mmol/mol), with Pacific (n = 29, 27.4%) and South Asian (n = 13, 29.5%) children, more likely to be prediabetic compared to European children (n = 10, 6.3%) (P < 0.001). WtHR and %BF together with South Asian and Pacific Island ethnicity were the most significant risk factors for elevated HbA1c and prediabetes. However, a normal %BF was still observed in 35% of children with HbA1c > 39mmol/mol, although the majority of Pacific children were in the at risk group. Conclusions South Asian and Pacific Island adults are at high risk of T2DM compared with the total New Zealand population. The prevalence of elevated HbA1c in children of these ethnicities suggests that the risk is present early in life, supporting the need for early identification and interventions in childhood to halt the progression to T2DM. Funding Sources Massey University Research Fund.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Oberhauser ◽  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Eva-Marie Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Conflict Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

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