scholarly journals Physical inactivity and health inequality during coronavirus: a novel opportunity or total lockdown?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000903
Author(s):  
Natalie F Shur ◽  
David Johns ◽  
Stefan Kluzek ◽  
Nicholas Peirce
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Restricted Movement ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The World ◽  
Additional Burden ◽  
Public Health Promotion

Government-restricted movement during the coronavirus pandemic in various countries around the world has led to rapid and fundamental changes in our health behaviour. As well as being at a higher risk of contracting and being hospitalised with COVID-19, the elderly, those with chronic disease and lower socioeconomic groups are also disproportionately affected by restriction of movement, further widening the physical activity health inequality. In this viewpoint we discuss the physiological sequelae of physical inactivity, and the additional burden of ageing and inflammation. We provide recommendations for public health promotion and interventions to try to mitigate the detrimental effects of physical inactivity and rebalance the health inequality.

Agile stockpiles an insurance for drug supply

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
Eddy Gilissen ◽  
◽  
Chris Mulligan ◽  
Simon Tottman ◽  
Per Troein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Catastrophic Event ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Safety Stock ◽  
The World ◽  
Additional Burden

Healthcare systems across the world are looking at ways of maintaining the continuity of supply of medicines to patients in times of crisis.Whilst this is not a new phenomenon, the additional burden placed on the supply chain during COVID-19 has meant it has come more into the spotlight. The need to use a stockpile can be caused by an interruption to supply, a rapid and unexpected peak in demand, or when both an interruption to supply and a peak in demand occur simultaneously. The objectives of a stockpile will guide the portfolio breadth and depth to be held. Stockpile objectives are broadly driven either by government requirements to protect public health or by organisations seeking toachieve commercial gain. These drivers are not mutually exclusive as in the case of holding safety stock and Public Service Obligation stock. An Emergency Stockpile is Public Health driven and held in order to supply essential medicines during a signifcant or catastrophic event. Emergency stockpiles can be split into three categories — preparation for imminent event, disease specifc response and general contingency stockpiles. Governments and authorities determine which products and volumes should be held in an emergency stockpile which may be guided by the World Health Organizations (WHO) l ist of essential medicines.

COVID-19: Avoiding a second tragedy in a tuberculosis burdened country

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Raj Yadav ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Nitesh Gupta ◽  
Pranav Ish ◽  
Shibdas Chakrabarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Population ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The World

To the EditorNovel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first notified in December 2019 from Wuhan, China. Now, it has spread rapidly and has been declared a pandemic affecting over 200 countries with widespread morbidity and mortality. It has been postulated that the most vulnerable population are the elderly, people living in crowded areas, children and immune-compromised individuals, such as people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The correlation of tuberculosis (TB), HIV and malnutrition are well documented and hence, people with tuberculosis should be considered as special population in this pandemic. TB is an ancient disease among humans recorded as far back as seventy thousand years which was declared a global public health emergency in 1993 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). India has the highest TB burden in the world.

scholarly journals Social inequalities in multimorbidity among European population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Alvarez-Galvez ◽  
V Suarez-Lledo ◽  
J Almenara-Barrios ◽  
C O'Ferral-Gonzalez ◽  
C Lagares-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Abstract Background Life expectancy has increased dramatically in all regions of the world over the last years. The average life expectancy in Western Europe was 79 years for males and 84 years for females in 2018. Consequently, the number of people suffering (or at risk of) long-term conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, musculoskeletal disorders, mental health conditions, or cancer is also rising rapidly. Multimorbidity can be defined as the presence of two or more chronic medical conditions in an individual and is one of the main challenges facing governments and healthcare systems around the world. This health condition is associated with a lower quality of life, increased disability, functional decline, higher healthcare utilisation and fragmentation of care, complex treatment, and higher mortality. This study is aimed to identify the underlying determinants of social inequalities in multimorbidity. Methods We used latent class analysis to identify multimorbidity subgroups with interdependent disease patterns using the European Social Survey. The statistical model was based on 13 chronic diseases: heart problem, high blood pressure, breathing problems, allergies, back or neck pain, muscular or joint pain in hand or arm, muscular pain in foot or leg, stomach or digestion related, skin condition, severe headaches, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Results Specific multimorbidity classes with singular disease patterns were identified among different socioeconomic groups the in the latent class analysis. The study showed that some disease combinations were more prevalent between different socioeconomic groups and countries. In particular, musculoskeletal diseases and cardiovascular diseases were found to be the most prevalent multimorbidity classes in Europe. Conclusions These findings suggests that tailored public health strategies are needed to address social inequalities in multimorbidity. Key messages Multimorbidity patterns present a different distribution depending on socioeconomic characteristics of population. Tailored public health strategies are needed to address social inequalities in multimorbidity.

TEMPORARY PROTECTION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Inese Stepule
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
European Union ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Temporary Protection ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

Due to social and economic changes in society, a person's ability to adapt to changing living conditions has diminished. If a person cannot adapt himself, the people around him, especially family members, suffer from this. These sufferings include such shortcomings as violence, trauma, sexual exploitation of children, etc. The study deals with temporary protection against domestic violence. The topic is relevant, since domestic violence is one of the main public health problems. Every year, a large number of people suffer from domestic violence throughout the world. Unfortunately in Latvia compared to other countries of the European Union, domestic violence is a very big problem. Not only women, but also children, the elderly, as well as men, suffer from domestic violence.

scholarly journals Dementia care in public health in Brazil and the world: A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Bolzan Cieto ◽  
Gabriela Gallego Valera ◽  
Glaucia Bueno Soares ◽  
Roberta Hehl de Sylos Cintra ◽  
Francisco Assis Carvalho Vale
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
New Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify in the recent scientific literature, information on health care provided to people with dementia, dementia costs and its resource implications for public health. METHODS: This was a systematic review of the literature in which the articles were consulted from the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO. The review sample consisted of 45 articles. RESULTS: Examination of the studies identified the current scenario of dementia in relation to public health and public policy in Brazil and the world. The analyzed studies revealed key information on aspects of dementia in the world. There was consensus on the high prevalence of the syndrome and on the significant cost of health care and public policy for assisting the elderly with dementia. CONCLUSION: The importance of planning and implementing new public policies was recognized, since these are essential for the organization and management of health services and directly influence the country's ability to provide health care for people with dementia.

scholarly journals UPAYA PENCEGAHAN HIPERTENSI DI DESA PENEGAH KECAMATAN PELAWAN KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN JAMBI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Tina Yuli Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Service ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
The World ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
The Village

Hypertension is one of the main problems in public health in Indonesia and the world. It is estimated that around 80% of cases of hypertension occur mainly in developing countries in the year 2025 from a total of 639 million cases in 2000. Problems faced by partners at this time include people in the village of Prevention rarely conducted health counseling by the Puskesmas especially about Hypertension, none Posyandu for the elderly and the community rarely exercise regularly. This community service activity was carried out in the village of Enforcement which is one of the villages located in Pelawan sub-district, Sarolangun District, Jambi. Time of implementation in February 2018. The target is the elderly.The methods used were survey, lecture, discussion, demonstration / simulation approaches. The results of this program is prevention for parents where they are able to understand of  the management and prevention of hypertension. It is recommended for Health Officers, especially in Puskesmas, to activate posyandu for the elderly so that the elderly can get health services regularly and get more information about health problems.

The problem of the elderly protection in the elderly care institutions during COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Zhang Hanwen ◽  
Yang Chunyan ◽  
Yin Mei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Central European ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The World ◽  
Service Mode ◽  
Summer Time

In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly around the world. Globally, as of 4:44 pm (Central European Summer Time (CEST), 24 June 2020, there have been 9,129,146 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 473,797 deaths, reported to WHO, with a mortality rate of 5.19%. Among them, the morbidity and mortality of the elderly account for a large proportion. Elderly care institutions have become the most severely hit under the background of pandemic outbreaks. Elderly care institutions around the world face great challenges in protecting the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the characteristics of the elderly, this article explores the protection of elderly care institutions in the response to the pandemic and puts forward suggestions on the health management of the elderly, the closed management of elderly care institutions and the improvement of pension service mode in public health emergencies.

scholarly journals Aligning policing and public health promotion: insights from the world of foot patrol

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Wood ◽  
Caitlin J. Taylor ◽  
Elizabeth R. Groff ◽  
Jerry H. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Foot Patrol ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Promotion

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF QUARANTINE DURING DISEASE OUTBREAKS

2020 ◽  
pp. 629-636
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Restricted Movement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infected Population ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World

The world is now facing the largest global health emergency. The initial outbreak of novel corona virus (Covid -19) has emerged in Wuhan, China (1). WHO declared Covid-19 to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020. AFP reported 66 million infected population and 1.5 million deaths worldwide. (2) While the world is in need of the curative medicine and vaccines, many governments responded to this pandemic by implementing nationwide restricted movement of the public in the name of lockdown and quarantine as an intervention to stop the human to human transmission of Covid-19.

scholarly journals Beyond Behaviour: How Health Inequality Theory Can Enhance Our Understanding of the ‘Alcohol-Harm Paradox’

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6025
Author(s):  
Jennifer Boyd ◽  
Clare Bambra ◽  
Robin C. Purshouse ◽  
John Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequality ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm ◽  
Related Harm

There are large socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol-related harm. The alcohol harm paradox (AHP) is the consistent finding that lower socioeconomic groups consume the same or less as higher socioeconomic groups yet experience greater rates of harm. To date, alcohol researchers have predominantly taken an individualised behavioural approach to understand the AHP. This paper calls for a new approach which draws on theories of health inequality, specifically the social determinants of health, fundamental cause theory, political economy of health and eco-social models. These theories consist of several interwoven causal mechanisms, including genetic inheritance, the role of social networks, the unequal availability of wealth and other resources, the psychosocial experience of lower socioeconomic position, and the accumulation of these experiences over time. To date, research exploring the causes of the AHP has often lacked clear theoretical underpinning. Drawing on these theoretical approaches in alcohol research would not only address this gap but would also result in a structured effort to identify the causes of the AHP. Given the present lack of clear evidence in favour of any specific theory, it is difficult to conclude whether one theory should take primacy in future research efforts. However, drawing on any of these theories would shift how we think about the causes of the paradox, from health behaviour in isolation to the wider context of complex interacting mechanisms between individuals and their environment. Meanwhile, computer simulations have the potential to test the competing theoretical perspectives, both in the abstract and empirically via synthesis of the disparate existing evidence base. Overall, making greater use of existing theoretical frameworks in alcohol epidemiology would offer novel insights into the AHP and generate knowledge of how to intervene to mitigate inequalities in alcohol-related harm.

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