Birth order is associated with an increased risk of obesity in young adults in Thailand

BackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence showing that early life events are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in adult life. However, there is a paucity of data in this field from Asian populations. In this study, we examined the association of birth order with obesity risk and cardiometabolic outcomes in young adults in Thailand.MethodsParticipants were the offspring from a birth cohort study in Chiang Mai (northern Thailand), who were followed up at ~20.5 years of age. Clinical assessments included anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting blood samples and carotid intima-media thickness. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Participants were stratified into two groups: first-borns and later-borns. Health outcomes between groups were compared using multivariable models adjusting for important confounders, in particular maternal body mass index (BMI).ResultsA total of 559 participants were studied: 316 first-borns (46% males) and 243 later-borns (47% males). Adjusted models showed anthropometric differences, with first-borns being 2.3 kg heavier (p=0.023) with a BMI 0.86 kg/m2 greater (p=0.019) than later-borns. Thus, rates of obesity were higher in first-borns than in later-borns (6.6% vs 2.9%), so that first-borns had an adjusted relative risk of obesity 3.3 times greater than later-borns [95% CI 1.42 to 7.88; p=0.006]. There were no observed differences in cardiovascular or metabolic parameters assessed, including HOMA-IR.ConclusionAs observed in other populations, first-borns in Thailand had greater BMI and an increased risk of obesity in young adulthood. However, we observed no other cardiometabolic differences between first- and later-borns.

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Increased Carotid Intima–Media Thickness and Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (Endocan) Levels in Obese Children

Angiology ◽

10.1177/0003319721995664 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000331972199566

Author(s):

Ayşin Nalbantoğlu ◽

Özgür Kızılca ◽

Savaş Güzel ◽

Hamdi Cihan Emeksiz ◽

Burçin Nalbantoğlu

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Endothelial Cell ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Endothelial Damage ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Increased Risk

Obesity in children appears to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in life. Early development of insulin resistance (IR) may lead to endothelial dysfunction and increased carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) even in childhood. We compared endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (endocan) levels in pediatric obese patients with those in healthy controls to determine whether endocan could be used as a biological marker of complications caused by endothelial damage. In 80 obese pubertal children (44 males [M] and 36 females [F], mean age: 12.8 ± 2.5 years), anthropometric measurements, cIMT, endocan levels, and IR indices (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) were evaluated and compared with 80 healthy pubertal patients (42M/38F, mean age: 12.3 ± 3.2 years). High-resolution ultrasound was used to measure the cIMT. Obese children had higher levels of endocan compared with the controls ( P < .001). Fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR were also higher in obese children ( P < .001 for both). In addition, obese children had an increased cIMT ( P < .001). In obese children, there was a significant correlation between cIMT and HOMA-IR (β = −1.314, P = .002) and between cIMT and endocan (β = .483, P = .004). Measuring cIMT and endocan levels (noninvasive investigations) in obese children, together with early preventive measures, could significantly decrease morbidity and mortality in adulthood.

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Caesarean delivery is associated with increased blood pressure in young adult offspring

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89438-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amaraporn Rerkasem ◽

Sarah E. Maessen ◽

Antika Wongthanee ◽

Sakda Pruenglampoo ◽

Ampica Mangklabruks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Clinical Assessments

AbstractWe examined the associations between caesarean section (CS) delivery and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in Thailand. Participants were 632 offspring from a birth cohort in Chiang Mai (Northern Thailand), born in 1989–1990 and assessed in 2010 at a mean age of 20.6 years, including 57 individuals (9.0%) born by CS and 575 born vaginally. Clinical assessments included anthropometry, blood pressure (BP), carotid intima-media thickness, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipid profile. Young adults born by CS had systolic BP (SBP) 6.2 mmHg higher (p < 0.001), diastolic BP 3.2 mmHg higher (p = 0.029), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) 4.1 mmHg higher (p = 0.003) than those born vaginally. After covariate adjustments, SBP and MAP remained 4.1 mmHg (p = 0.006) and 2.9 mmHg (p = 0.021) higher, respectively, in the CS group. The prevalence of abnormal SBP (i.e., pre-hypertension or hypertension) in the CS group was 2.5 times that of those born vaginally (25.0% vs 10.3%; p = 0.003), with an adjusted relative risk of abnormal SBP 1.9 times higher (95% CI 1.15, 2.98; p = 0.011). There were no differences in anthropometry (including obesity risk) or other metabolic parameters. In this birth cohort in Thailand, CS delivery was associated with increased blood pressure in young adulthood.

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Mechanisms involved in developmental programming of hypertension and renal diseases. Gender differences

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2013-0054 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Analia Lorena Tomat ◽

Francisco Javier Salazar

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Adult Life ◽

Developmental Programming ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Future Studies ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Regulatory Systems ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Renal Changes

AbstractA substantial body of epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that a poor fetal and neonatal environment may “program” susceptibility in the offspring to later development of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases.This review focuses on current knowledge from the available literature regarding the mechanisms linking an adverse developmental environment with an increased risk for cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases in adult life. Moreover, this review highlights important sex-dependent differences in the adaptation to developmental insults.Developmental programming of several diseases is secondary to changes in different mechanisms inducing important alterations in the normal development of several organs that lead to significant changes in birth weight. The different diseases occurring as a consequence of an adverse environment during development are secondary to morphological and functional cardiovascular and renal changes, to epigenetic changes and to an activation of several hormonal and regulatory systems, such as angiotensin II, sympathetic activity, nitric oxide, COX2-derived metabolites, oxidative stress and inflammation. The important sex-dependent differences in the developmental programming of diseases seem to be partly secondary to the effects of sex hormones. Recent studies have shown that the progression of these diseases is accelerated during aging in both sexes.The cardiovascular, renal and metabolic diseases during adult life that occur as a consequence of several insults during fetal and postnatal periods are secondary to multiple structural and functional changes. Future studies are needed in order to prevent the origin and reduce the incidence and consequences of developmental programmed diseases.

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Triglyceride-Glucose Index and HOMA-IR in Young Adulthood and Risk of Incident Congestive Heart Failure: The CARDIA Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-960362/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xianghui Zeng ◽

Haobin Zhou ◽

Yuting Xue ◽

Xiao Wang ◽

Qiong Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Young Adults ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Tyg Index ◽

Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) are related to insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to assess the association between triglyceride-glucose index / HOMA-IR within young adults and congestive heart failure (CHF), and to explore whether triglyceride-glucose index can replace HOMA-IR as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance in predicting the risk of CHF.Methods：A total of 4992 participants between the ages of 18 and 30 were enrolled from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) investigation (from 1985 to 1986 [year 0]). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted for assessing correlations between baseline TyG index / HOMA-IR and congestive heart failure events, together with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve employed for scrutinizing TyG index / HOMA-IR and he risk of CHF.Results: During the 31-year follow-up period, 64 (1.3%) out of the 4992 participants developed congestive heart failure. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for confounding factors for CHF, increased risk of CHF was associated with per-unit increase in TyG index (hazard ratio [HR] 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-4.7) and HOMA-IR (HR 1.2; 95%CI, 1.1-1.3). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that participants in the TyG index and HOMA-IR index Q4 group had a higher risk of congestive heart failure than those in the Q1 group. The area under curve (AUC) for TyG index and HOMA-IR consisted of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.6-0.742) and 0.675 (95%CI, 0.604-0.746), respectively. There were no significant differences between TyG index and HOMA-IR for AUC (P = 0.986).Conclusions: TyG index and HOMA-IR are independent risk factors for CHF. The TyG index can replace HOMA-IR in young adulthood as a surrogate marker for IR to predict the risk of CHF.

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Maternal Partner Criminality and Cannabis use in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/00048670701341897 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 546-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh ◽

Stuart A. Kinner ◽

Konrad Jamrozik ◽

Jake M. Najman ◽

Abdullah A. Mamun

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Mater Hospital ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Objectives: The present study examined whether the experience of the arrest or incarceration of a mother's partner before a child reached 14 years of age was associated with use of cannabis in early adulthood and, if so, whether this association was confounded or mediated by other factors. Method: Data were from the Mater Hospital University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. The history of partner arrest and incarceration was reported by mothers at the 14 year follow up. Mothers were divided into four groups: mothers whose partner had no history of arrest or incarceration, mothers reporting partner arrest, mothers reporting partner incarceration, and unpartnered mothers. Young adults’ cannabis use was assessed at 21 years. Other covariates were prospectively measured between birth and 14 years. Results: After controlling for potential confounding and mediating factors, frequent use of cannabis at age 21 was more likely among young adults with a history of maternal partner arrest (odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–3.8). There was no significant association between maternal partner incarceration or single motherhood, and cannabis use at age 21. Conclusions: Arrest of the mother's partner before the child is 14 is associated with that child's increased cannabis use at age 21 but this does not appear to be the case for children whose fathers have been imprisoned. It appears that for children whose fathers have been arrested, the father's ongoing presence in the family may result in worse outcomes for the child, including an increased risk of cannabis use in young adulthood.

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Association between Serum Mg2+ Concentrations and Cardiovascular Organ Damage in a Cohort of Adult Subjects

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elettra Mancuso ◽

Maria Perticone ◽

Rosangela Spiga ◽

Carolina Averta ◽

Mariangela Rubino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Increased Risk

Magnesium (Mg2+) levels are associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We evaluated the clinical utility of physiological Mg2+ in assessing subclinical cardiovascular organ damage including increased carotid artery intima- media thickness (c-IMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in a cohort of well-characterized adult non-diabetic individuals. Age- and gender-adjusted correlations between Mg2+ and metabolic parameters showed that Mg2+ circulating levels were correlated negatively with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and 2h-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose. Similarly, Mg2+ levels were significantly and negatively related to c-IMT and LVMI. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that age (β = 0.440; p < 0.0001), BMI (β = 0.225; p < 0.0001), and Mg2+ concentration (β = −0.122; p < 0.01) were independently associated with c-IMT. Age (β = 0.244; p = 0.012), Mg2+ (β = −0.177; p = 0.019), and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.184; p = 0.038) were significantly associated with LVMI in women, while age (β = 0.211; p = 0.019), Mg2+ (β = −0.171; p = 0.038) and the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β = −0.211; p = 0.041) were the sole variables associated with LVMI in men. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that the assessment of Mg2+ as part of the initial work-up might help unravel the presence of subclinical organ damage in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular complications.

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Early growth and postprandial appetite regulatory hormone responses

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513000950 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (9) ◽

pp. 1591-1600 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mia-Maria Perälä ◽

Eero Kajantie ◽

Liisa M. Valsta ◽

Jens J. Holst ◽

Jaana Leiviskä ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Meal ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Later Life ◽

Early Growth ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Slow Increase ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hormone Responses ◽

The Impact

Strong epidemiological evidence suggests that slow prenatal or postnatal growth is associated with an increased risk of CVD and other metabolic diseases. However, little is known whether early growth affects postprandial metabolism and, especially, the appetite regulatory hormone system. Therefore, we investigated the impact of early growth on postprandial appetite regulatory hormone responses to two high-protein and two high-fat content meals. Healthy, 65–75-year-old volunteers from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study were recruited; twelve with a slow increase in BMI during the first year of life (SGI group) and twelve controls. Subjects ate a test meal (whey meal, casein meal, SFA meal and PUFA meal) once in a random order. Plasma glucose, insulin, TAG, NEFA, ghrelin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 and a satiety profile were measured in the fasting state and for 4 h after each test meal. Compared with the controls, the SGI group had about 1·5-fold higher insulin responses after the whey meal (P= 0·037), casein meal (P= 0·023) and PUFA meal (P= 0·002). TAG responses were 34–69 % higher for the SGI group, but only the PUFA-meal responses differed significantly between the groups. The PYY response of the SGI group was 44 % higher after the whey meal (P= 0·046) and 115 % higher after the casein meal (P= 0·025) compared with the controls. No other statistically significant differences were seen between the groups. In conclusion, early growth may have a role in programming appetite regulatory hormone secretion in later life. Slow early growth is also associated with higher postprandial insulin and TAG responses but not with incretin levels.

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The Epidemiological Boehringer Ingelheim Employee Study (Part 3): Association of Elevated Fasting Insulin Levels but Not HOMA-IR With Increased Intima Media Thickness and Arteriosclerosis in Middle-Aged Persons

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.752789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Röhling ◽

Kerstin Kempf ◽

Hubert Kolb ◽

Tobias Martin ◽

Michael Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

Media Thickness

Background: Recently published genetic studies have indicated a causal link between elevated insulin levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We, therefore, hypothesized that increased fasting insulin levels are also associated with precursors of CVD such as endothelial lesions.Methods: Middle-aged (≥40 years, n = 1,639) employees were followed up for the occurrence of increased intima media thickness (IMT ≥ 1 mm) or plaques in abdominal or cervical arteries (arteriosclerosis). Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined the incidence of increased IMT or arteriosclerosis. Adjusted relative risk (ARR) for increased IMT and arteriosclerosis was calculated by using Mantel-Haenszel analysis.Results: Increased IMT was diagnosed in 238 participants (15 %) and 328 (20 %) developed arteriosclerosis after 5 years of follow-up. Logistic regression analysis identified fasting insulin, BMI and smoking as risk factors for both cardiovascular endpoints (all p < 0.05), whereas age and diastolic blood pressure were risk factors for increased IMT only, and male sex was associated with incident arteriosclerosis only (all p < 0.01). Additional adjustment for BMI change during follow-up did not modify these associations (including fasting insulin), but adjustment for fasting insulin change during follow-up removed BMI as risk factor for both cardiovascular endpoints. Fasting insulin change during follow-up but not BMI change associated with increased IMT and arteriosclerosis (both p < 0.001). ARR analysis indicated that high fasting insulin and BMI added to age and sex as risk factors. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) did not associate with either cardiovascular endpoint in any model and smoking did not increase the risk conferred by high fasting insulin levels.Conclusions: Higher fasting insulin levels and increases in fasting insulin over time are associated with atherogenic progression and supersede BMI as well as HOMA-IR as risk factors.

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Lifetime socioeconomic circumstances and chronic pain in later adulthood: findings from a British birth cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e024250 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matthew A Jay ◽

Rebecca Bendayan ◽

Rachel Cooper ◽

Stella G Muthuri

Keyword(s):

Birth Cohort ◽

Later Life ◽

Financial Hardship ◽

Self Report ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Occupational Class ◽

American College Of Rheumatology ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectivesTo investigate associations between a range of different indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP: occupational class, education, household overcrowding and tenure, and experience of financial hardship) across life and chronic widespread and regional pain (CWP and CRP) at age 68.DesignProspective birth cohort; the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development.SettingEngland, Scotland and Wales.ParticipantsUp to 2378 men and women who have been followed-up since birth in 1946 to age 68.Primary outcome measuresOn the basis of their self-report of pain at age 68, participants were classified as: CWP (American College of Rheumatology criteria), CRP (pain of at least 3 months’ duration but that does not meet the definition of CWP), other pain (<3 months in duration) or no pain.ResultsAt age 68, the prevalence of CWP was 13.3% and 7.8% in women and men, respectively, and that of CRP was 32.3% and 28.7% in women and men, respectively. There was no clear evidence that indicators of SEP in childhood or later adulthood were associated with pain. Having experienced (vs not) financial hardship and being a tenant (vs owner-occupier) in earlier adulthood were both associated with an increased risk of CWP; for example, moderate hardship adjusted relative risk ratio (RRRadj) 2.32 (95% CI: 1.19 to 4.52) and most hardship RRRadj 4.44 (95% CI: 2.02 to 9.77). Accumulation of financial hardship across earlier and later adulthood was also associated with an increased risk of CWP.ConclusionsConsideration of socioeconomic factors in earlier adulthood may be important when identifying targets for intervention to prevent CWP in later life.

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Epidemiological Trends in Attempted Suicide in Adolescents and Young Adults Between 1996 and 2004

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.30.3.115 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 115-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stephanie De Munck ◽

Gwendolyn Portzky ◽

Kees Van Heeringen

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

University Hospital ◽

International Studies ◽

Suicide Attempters ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Epidemiological Trends

Background: Notwithstanding the epidemiological studies indicating an increased risk of attempted suicide among adolescents and young adults, there is a scarcity of international studies that examine long-term epidemiological trends in rates and characteristics of this vulnerable group. Aims: This article describes the results of a 9-year monitoring study of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults referred to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Gent University Hospital (Belgium). Methods: Between January 1996 and December 2004, trends, sociodemographic, and methodrelated characteristics of suicide attempts were assessed by a psychiatrist on data sheets. Results: Attempted suicide rates declined from 1996 to 2001 and then rose until 2004, but did not exceed previous rates. During the 9 years of monitoring, there was a preponderance of female suicide attempters, except for 1997. Rates of attempts and of fatal suicide were negatively correlated. Significantly more males than females deliberately injured themselves. Younger attempters, especially females, significantly more often poisoned themselves with analgesics. In nearly one in five attempts, alcohol was used in combination with other methods, and alcohol intake was more commonly observed in older suicide attempters. Nearly half of the adolescents were identified as repeaters. Conclusions: The results of this study warrant further monitoring of trends and characteristics of young suicide attempters.

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