A multivariate morphometric analysis of the Symphyotrichum boreale – S. nahanniense – S. welshii complex (Asteraceae: Astereae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Owen ◽  
John C. Semple ◽  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences

A multivariate morphometric study of the Symphyotrichum boreale – S. nahanniense – S. welshii complex was undertaken to assess the morphological differences between members of the complex and compare them with specimens of S. lanceolatum, a close relative. Discriminant analyses of a matrix of 119 specimens including the S. nahanniense – S. boreale – S. welshii complex and Symphyotrichum lanceolatum, provided significant statistical support for recognizing four distinct taxa. Within the S. nahanniense – S. boreale – S. welshii complex itself, discriminant analysis of 103 specimens reinforced treating the three groups as separate species. The analyses also revealed useful morphological traits that could be used to identify each taxon within the complex. Furthermore, comparisons were made among the four known populations of S. nahanniense. The results also indicated that the range of S. welshii is larger than previously reported and includes Utah, western Wyoming, and rarely further north in Montana and Idaho. Chromosome numbers are reported for Symphyotrichum boreale (2n = 16, first report for Wyoming; 2n = 48, first report for this taxon), S. lanceolatum subsp. hesperium (2n = 64, first reports for Northwest Territories, Canada), S. nahanniense (2n = 16, first reports for this taxon), and S. welshii (2n = 16, first reports for this taxon).

A multivariate morphometric analysis of Solidago subsect. Glomeruliflorae (Asteraceae: Astereae)

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Cook ◽  
John C. Semple ◽  
Bernard R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
P Values ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences

A multivariate morphometric study of Solidago subsection Glomeruliflorae (Torr. & A. Gray) Nesom was undertaken on a matrix of 45 characters by 368 plants to assess the morphological differences among the members of the complex and to determine their appropriate taxonomic ranks. The numbers of a priori groups tested were based on taxa recognized in floristic literature, examination of type specimens and 3214 herbarium specimens, and observations of plants in the field and greenhouse. Analyses were performed to determine statistical support for eight a priori species level groups: Solidago albopilosa E.L. Braun, Solidago caesia  L., Solidago curtisii Torr. & A. Gray, Solidago flexicaulis L., Solidago glomerata Michx., Solidago lancifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Chapm., Solidago macrophylla  Pursh, and Solidago ouachitensis C.E.S Taylor & R.J. Taylor. Additional analyses were preformed to determine statistical support for varietal level a priori groups within S. caesia and S. curtisii. Statistical support for recognizing all 10 a priori groups varied, although in all analyses, the P values were always well below α of 0.05. Based on the results of the discriminant analyses, the following taxa are recognized: S. albopilosa, S. caesia var. caesia , S. caesia var. zedia , S. curtisii var. curtisii , S. curtisii var. flaccidifolia , S. flexicaulis, S. glomerata, S. lancifolia, S. macrophylla, and S. ouachitensis.

scholarly journals Application of morphometric study to discriminate Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. pinetorum (C. N. Page & R. R. Mill 1995) J. A. Thomson in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Zenkteler ◽  
Oskar Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Ultimate Segment ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Pteridium aquilinum subsp. pinetorum is one of two morphologically distinct taxa of the genus Pteridium identified in Poland. In order to confirm their distinctively recognizable morphology, nine features defining each of these taxa were subjected to a morphometric analysis. These features, including taxonomic characters of vegetative structures, were measured or counted for their most comprehensive descriptions. The measurements were also expressed as ratios of two characters (length of the first and second pairs of leaflets) to prevent the size of fronds from influencing the results. Unique features of bracken, such as: frond and pinnae shape and orientation; basal pinna structure; ultimate segment of pinnae and pinnula shape and size; frond expansion sequencing; frond lamina texture, shape and pubescence were treated descriptively. Canonical discriminant analysis was employed for a morphometric study of quantitative characters. On their basis, two taxa – P. aquilinum subsp. aquilinum and P. a. subsp. pinetorum were determined.

scholarly journals Detecting Bacterial Biofilms Using Fluorescence Hyperspectral Imaging and Various Discriminant Analyses

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Ahyeong Lee ◽  
Saetbyeol Park ◽  
Jinyoung Yoo ◽  
Jungsook Kang ◽  
Jongguk Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Discriminant Analyses

Biofilms formed on the surface of agro-food processing facilities can cause food poisoning by providing an environment in which bacteria can be cultured. Therefore, hygiene management through initial detection is important. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of detecting Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) on the surface of food processing facilities by using fluorescence hyperspectral imaging. E. coli and S. typhimurium were cultured on high-density polyethylene and stainless steel coupons, which are the main materials used in food processing facilities. We obtained fluorescence hyperspectral images for the range of 420–730 nm by emitting UV light from a 365 nm UV light source. The images were used to perform discriminant analyses (linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor analysis, and partial-least squares discriminant analysis) to identify and classify coupons on which bacteria could be cultured. The discriminant performances of specificity and sensitivity for E. coli (1–4 log CFU·cm−2) and S. typhimurium (1–6 log CFU·cm−2) were over 90% for most machine learning models used, and the highest performances were generally obtained from the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) model. The application of the learning model to the hyperspectral image confirmed that the biofilm detection was well performed. This result indicates the possibility of rapidly inspecting biofilms using fluorescence hyperspectral images.

scholarly journals Evaluation of crisphead lettuce cultivars in different cover types by manova and discriminant analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Izabela Regina C de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo T Rezende ◽  
Carlos Tadeu dos S Dias ◽  
Daniela de S Gomes ◽  
Élberis P Botrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Polyethylene Film ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Plot Design

In many agricultural experiments the variables are biologically correlated and it is inappropriate to study them only under univariate analysis. Therefore, we evaluated commercial characteristics of crisphead lettuce cultivars and covers under a multivariate approach, using canonical discriminant analysis. We used a split plot design and we tested the cover crop, cultivar and interaction effects by using MANOVA (α= 5%). Means and its standard errors were obtained for average total weight, weight of the head, volume and density of plants. Canonical discriminant analyses were performed using PROC CANDISC procedure in SAS (SAS Institute, 2008) system. Canonical plots were obtained using JMP 9.0 (SAS Institute, 2010) linked to SAS database. With these plots it was possible to note the differences among factors levels. When polyethylene film was used as cover the plants had inferior commercial characteristics than plants in which cover crops were used. Thus, the cover with polyethylene film can be discouraged in the cultivation of crisphead lettuce, promoting environmental sustainability. We suggest these multivariate techniques in horticulture studies.

scholarly journals Localization of DNA in the fibrillar components of the nucleolus: a cytochemical and morphometric study.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Derenzini ◽  
F Farabegoli ◽  
D Trerè
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Dense Fibrillar Component ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fibrillar Center ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fibrillar Component ◽  
Resting Lymphocytes ◽  
The Relationship

We studied the distribution of DNA in human circulating lymphocyte nucleoli using three different cytochemical methods for selective visualization of DNA in thin sections: the Feulgen-like osmium-ammine reaction, the NAMA-Ur procedure, and the osmium-ammine staining in glycine buffer, pH 1.5. All three methods indicated the presence of uniformly distributed, highly decondensed DNA filaments forming a large solitary agglomerate in the central part of the nucleolar area, corresponding to the solitary large fibrillar center (FC) as revealed by uranium and lead staining. We also studied the relationship between DNA agglomerates and nucleolar fibrillar components in resting and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes by morphometric analysis of the areas occupied by these structures. In resting lymphocytes the mean area of the DNA agglomerates was 0.479 micron 2 +/- 0.161 SD, whereas that of FCs was 0.380 micron 2 +/- 0.149 SD, with a ratio of 1.26. In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes the mean area of the DNA agglomerates was 0.116 micron 2 +/- 0.056 SD, whereas that of the FCs was 0.075 micron 2 +/- 0.032 SD, with a ratio of 1.55. In PHA-stimulated lymphocytes we also measured the area occupied by the FCs plus the closely associated dense fibrillar component (DFC). The mean value of these two fibrillar components was 0.206 micron 2 +/- 0.081 SD. These data demonstrate that decondensed DNA filaments are uniformly distributed in the FCs and that in transcriptionally active nucleoli they are also present in the proximal portion of the DFC surrounding the FCs.

scholarly journals Cultivar Classification of Single Sweet Corn Seed Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Discriminant Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjun Qiu ◽  
Enli Lü ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Huazhong Lu ◽  
Feiren Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Discriminant Analyses

Seed purity is a key indicator of crop seed quality. The conventional methods for cultivar identification are time-consuming, expensive, and destructive. Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with discriminant analyses, was studied as a rapid and nondestructive technique to classify the cultivars of sweet corn seeds. Spectra with a range of 1000–2500 nm collected from 760 seeds of two cultivars were used for the discriminant analyses. Thereafter, 126 feature wavelengths were identified from 1557 wavelengths using a genetic algorithm (GA) to build simplified classification models. Four classification algorithms, namely K-nearest neighbor (KNN), soft independent method of class analogy (SIMCA), partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and support vector machine discriminant analysis (SVM-DA) were tested on full-range wavelengths and feature wavelengths, respectively. With the full-range wavelengths, all four algorithms achieved a high classification accuracy range from 97.56% to 99.59%, and the SVM-DA worked better than other models. From the feature wavelengths, no significant decline in accuracies was observed in most of the models and a high accuracy of 99.19% was still obtained by the PLS-DA model. This study demonstrated that using the FT-NIR technique with discriminant analyses could be a feasible way to classify sweet corn seed cultivars and the proper classification model could be embedded in seed sorting machinery to select high-purity seeds.

Morphological variability in Fasciola hepatica eggs in ruminants, rodents and lagomorphs

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abrous ◽  
A.M. Comes ◽  
N. Gasnier ◽  
D. Rondelaud ◽  
G. Dreyfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

AbstractThe length and width of 1297 Fasciola hepatica eggs shed in cattle hosts, 337 in sheep and 199 in nutria, were measured from several parts of France. The data were compared with those obtained from other studies in Spain, France (where rats were also investigated), Germany and the Netherlands. One way analysis of variance and discriminant analysis were used to assess differences between host origins. The distribution of length and width of eggs were analysed using skewness and kurtosis Fisher coefficients. The eggs recovered from sheep, cattle, rodents and lagomorphs were different in size: the eggs found in rodents (length L × width W in μm: 8592) and lagomorphs (L × W in μm: 9100) were smaller than those found in sheep and cattle (L×W in μm: 10,000). These morphological differences in F. hepatica eggs were host-induced in rats (L×W in μm: 9709 in cattle to 8949 in rats) and rabbits (L×W in μm: 9709 in cattle to 8432 in rabbits). These differences in size of eggs might correspond to their being less able to develop into miracidia in less frequent hosts such as rodents and rabbits.

The Olduvai buffaloPelorovisand the origin ofBos

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro ◽  
Juan Antonio Pérez-Claros ◽  
Maria Rita Palombo ◽  
Lorenzo Rook ◽  
Paul Palmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Mammal Assemblages ◽  
Tool Technology ◽  
Different Origin

AbstractThe origin of the genusBosis a debated issue. From ∼ 0.5 Ma until historic times, the genus is well known in the Eurasian large mammal assemblages, where it is represented byBos primigenius. This species has a highly derived cranial anatomy that shows important morphological differences from other Plio-Pleistocene Eurasian genera of the tribe Bovini such asLeptobos,Bison,Proamphibos-Hemibos, andBubalus. The oldest clear evidence ofBosis the skull fragment ASB-198-1 from the middle Pleistocene (∼ 0.6–0.8 Ma) site of Asbole (Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia). The first appearance ofBosin Europe is at the site of Venosa-Notarchirico, Italy (∼ 0.5–0.6 Ma). Although the origin ofBoshas traditionally been connected withLeptobosandBison, after a detailed anatomical and morphometric study we propose here a different origin, connecting the middle Pleistocene Eurasian forms ofB. primigeniuswith the African Late Pliocene and early Pleistocene large size member of the tribe BoviniPelorovis sensu stricto. The dispersal of theBoslineage in Western Europe during middle Pleistocene times seems to coincide with the arrival of the Acheulean tool technology in this continent.

Assessing the Validity of the Semantic Differential Portion of the Apperceptive Personality Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Palmiter ◽  
David E. Silber
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Ideal

This study investigated the validity of the semantic differential portion of the Apperceptive Personality Test with 225 undergraduates who completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale, actual-self and ideal-self semantic differential scales (e.g., Actual-self and Ideal-self), and either the Apperceptive Personality Test or a modified version. A projected-self score was calculated using the semantic differential ratings of the hero(ine) character on the test, e.g., Projected-self. A strong negative correlation indicated that, as the difference between the Ideal-self and Actual-self decreased, the difference between the Actual-self and Projected-self increased. Discriminant analyses indicated that highly guarded participants, e.g., high Social Desirability scores, showed more congruency between Ideal-self and Actual-self and less congruency between Actual-self ratings and Projected-self on the APT than did less guarded participants. When the difference scores incorporated only those semantic differential items that loaded on an Evaluative factor, the same result of discriminant analysis was found when participants who completed the modified version were included. These findings support the validity of the test's semantic differential items and suggest that guardedness tends to promote more similarity between Actual-self and Ideal-self and less similarity between Actual-self and Projected-self.

Overlooked morphological variation and a proposal for a new taxonomic circumscription of Alyssum simplex (Brassicaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 416 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
VERONIKA CETLOVÁ ◽  
JAVIER FUERTES-AGUILAR ◽  
DARIA IUDOVA ◽  
STANISLAV ŠPANIEL
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Morphological Differences

A recent study of European annual taxa of Alyssum has revealed that A. simplex includes two cytotypes (diploid and tetraploid) which differ in genetic markers, evolutionary history, and monoploid relative genome size. In this paper we present a new taxonomic treatment of A. simplex in which we treat the two cytotypes as two separate species. We select and discuss suitable names for both taxa (diploid A. simplex and tetraploid A. collinum), examine their morphological differences and survey their geographic distribution. In addition, we compare both cytotypes with the morphologically similar and genetically related species A. strigosum and designate lectotypes and a neotype of several relevant names.

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