Study of Red Halophilic Bacteria in Solar Salt and Salted Fish: II. Bacto-oxgall as a Selective Agent for Differentiation

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Dussault
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Partial Identification ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Selective Agent ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Solar Salt ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fish Samples

A simple method, based on oxgall tolerance, is proposed for differentiating red halophilic bacteria commonly found in solar salt and discoloured salted codfish. Tests carried out on 18 strains isolated from various sources have shown that the rod forms are inhibited by low concentrations of Bacto-oxgall and that the coccus forms tolerate relatively high ones. Bacto-oxgall can thus be used as the basis of a simple selective medium. This test has been found useful for the isolation, purification and partial identification of unidentified strains and also for determining the relative proportions of the two main types of red halophilic bacteria present in solar salt and salted fish samples.

Study of Red Halophilic Bacteria in Solar Salt and Salted Fish: I. Effect of Bacto-Oxgall

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Dussault
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Solar Salt ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Mechanical Disruption ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Bacterial Cytoplasm ◽  
Ph Variations

Bacto-oxgall has shown a differential effect on the red halophilic bacteria commonly found in solar salt and in contaminated salted fish. Pseudomonas salinaria was inhibited by low oxgall concentrations while Sarcina littoralis tolerated high ones. When this differentiating test is applied to a larger number of strains it will be possible to determine if Bacto-oxgall can be used as the basis of a selective medium to distinguish one genus from the other. The clearing of bacterial suspensions and microscopical examination have shown that the inhibition of Ps. salinaria was produced by the lysis of the cells. The inhibition of Ps. salinaria was effective and rapid. It was not affected by pH variations but was reduced by the presence of proteins. When compared similarly to other bile products, Bacto-oxgall was found to have the same inhibitory power as sodium taurocholate. Bacto-oxgall, diluted to the equivalent of fresh bile, was also found to be three times more effective than fresh cod bile. From the evidence gathered it was concluded that the inhibition of Ps. salinaria by Bacto-oxgall is due to a mechanical disruption of the bacterial cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Screening of osmotolerant micro organisms in the dried salted fish sold in kanyakumari district, tamilnadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Mary Kensa V ◽  
Anju M
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
The Tropics

Fish is one of the most important sources of animal protein available in the tropics and has been widely accepted as a good source of protein and other elements for the maintenance of healthy body. Salting and drying is an ancient and simple method to preserve fish and in India about 17% of the total catch is beingused for salting and drying. The present investigation was aimed to analyse the presence of osmotolerant microbes in the dry fishes. The commercially important marine edible salted dry fishes were collected from the study area Pallam. Four common edible dry fishes like (Nethili, Sardines, Ribbon fish and Prawn) wereselected for the screening of microbial population. The highest TFC value was reported in Sardine and Ribbon fish (5103) than the other fishes like Netthili and Prawn (4103 and 2103). The moisture content was higher (45%) in Prawn followed by Ribbon fish (40%), Sardines (29%), Netthili (26%). In this study,Prawn had high moisture content (45%) and high microbial load (5.3104 cfu/g). Total five fungal species were isolated from the selected dried fishes. The result of isolation of human pathogens such as Salmonella and Vibrio identified from the selected dry fish samples. The nutritive value of raw fish in found to be good.The sensory characteristics such as colour, odor, texture, insect infestation showed that the Sardine and Prawn was good in quality, while the netthili had decreased the quality. The study showed that salted and sundried fishes sold in study area are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and fungal agents. Spoilage ofdried fish products was found and this might be due to unhygienic handling of the fisher folks, improper processing and unhygienic vendors and vending areas.

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Potential of Halophilic Bacterial Secondary Metabolites from Salted Fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Prakash Williams ◽  
Anju Anand ◽  
Parvathy A. ◽  
Rakky C. Raj ◽  
Robert Raju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fish Samples

Living organisms can be found over a wide range of extreme conditions. Most of the organisms living in extreme environments (i.e, extremophiles) belong to the prokaryotes. Halophiles are interesting class of extremophilic organisms that have adapted to harsh, hypersaline conditions. They are able to compete successfully for water and resist the denaturing effects of salts. The present study was an investigation on the in vitro antibacterial effect of secondary metabolites from halophilic bacteria isolated from salted fish samples. The cured salted fish samples were collected and enumerated using halophilic Nutrient Agar supplemented with 4% NaCl. The isolated and purified bacterial cultures are numbered as SF1, SF2, SF3, SF4 and SF5 are further identified using VITEK 2 system as Bacillus vallismortis, Ralstonia mannitolytica, Bacillus subtilis, Rhizoboum radiobacter and Kocuria kristina. Growth kinetics of halobacterial isolates were determined by spectrophotometric assay. The antibiotic resistance pattern of tested pathogenic microorganisms using the commercial antibiotics was screened and almost all the tested microorganisms are resistant to Penicillin. The antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites of halophilic bacteria against drug resistant microbes was assessed using the Agar well diffusion assay. Among the different extracts of the halophilic bacteria, the chloroform extracts of R. mannitolytica showed maximum antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 and Xanthomonas campestris MTCC 2286. The results of antimicrobial activity are considerable because it enables the identification of potential secondary metabolites present in marine halophilic bacteria, which act as source of innumerable therapeutic agents. Further research is highly warranted to find out the active principle responsible for the antibacterial property and to elucidate the structure of particular compound.

scholarly journals Microbial and proximate composition of fresh and salted Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Tahara Rohomania ◽  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Anwar Hossain ◽  
Shankar Chandra Mandal ◽  
Mohammad Shamsur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Ventral Part ◽  
Fish Sample ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Fish Samples

Bacterial and nutritional quality of fresh and salted hilsa collected from four markets of Dhaka city were investigated. Five different culture media viz. nutrient agar, EMB agar for coliform, SS agar for Salmonella-Shigella, MSA agar for Staphylococcus and TCBS for Vibrio were used. The highest heterotrophic bacterial count 1.22 ± 0.12 × 106 cfu/g was recorded in the fresh fish sample of Karwan Bazar. Maximum coliform count, 1.20 ± 0.10 × 106 cfu/g was detected in the fresh fish sample of the same market. No bacterial colony was found on SS agar and TCBS agar plate in salted fish. Proximate composition of raw hilsa of dorsal and ventral part was 56.49 ± 0.13% and 55.45 ± 0.06% moisture, 23.62 ± 0.28% and 22.99 ± 0.36% protein, 18.01 ± 0.39% and 18.96 ± 0.43% fat and 1.71 ± 0.04% and 2.26 ± 0.09% ash, respectively. In salted T. ilisha, the proximate composition of dorsal and ventral part was 45.13 ± 0.54% and 40.20±0.20% moisture, 20.79 ± 0.17% and 21.48 ± 0.15% protein, 16.89 ± 0.47% and 19.54 ± 0.26% lipid and 16.65 ± 0.41% and 18.35 ± 0.08% ash. The fresh fish samples were associated with high bacterial loads than that of salted fish. The protein, lipid, moisture contents decreased and ash content increased after salting condition.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(2): 227-236, 2014

scholarly journals Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Human Milk, Soil, Water, and Food Samples Collectedfrom Kafr El-Zayat Governorate

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
El-Zarka Mohamed ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Samia El-Saied ◽  
Emel Y Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
World Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract Pesticide residues in human milk and environmental samples from Kafr El-Zayat Governorate in Egypt were analyzed. This governorate is located near one of the biggest pesticide factories in Egypt. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were monitored, including those that have been prohibited from use in Egypt. Human milk samples (31 samples) from Kafr El-Zayat were compared with 11 samples collected from Cairo. Data were compared with results from studies performed in 1987 and 1990. The present study showed that aldrin and dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, and endrin residues have been eliminated from human milk. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of DDT complex and γ-HCH by breast fed infants in Kafr El-Zayat were 85.96 and 3.1% of the respective acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). β- HCH residues showed an increasing pattern, especially in human milk samples from Cairo. DDT complex and HCH isomers in orange, spinach, lettuce, potatoes, and clover samples ranged from undetectable to very low concentrations. Higher levels of DDT and HCH were detected, but aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and the heptachlors were not detected in food of animal origin. Residues in fish samples were below maximum residue limits established by some developed countries. Those in animal milk samples approached the extraneous residue limits of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. HCH residues in soil were negligible, but DDT resi dues in soil were some what higher. Among watersamples, groundwater samples had the highest residues of HCHs and DDTs, followed by Nile River water and then tap water. However, the organo chlorine pesticide residues were found at concen trations below the maximum allowable limits set by the World Health Organization for drinking water. Among 12 organophosphorus pesticides moni toredas parent compounds, dimethoate,malathion, methamidophos, and chlorpyrifos residues were detected in low concentrations in soil samples from a pesticide factory. No organophosphorus pesticide residues were found in plant samples, except for very low residues of dimethoatein anorange sample. Water samples were devoid of organophosphorus residues as parent compounds.

scholarly journals Genetically Modified Vibrio harveyiStrains as Potential Bioindicators of Mutagenic Pollution of Marine Environments

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Czyz˙ ◽  
Jacek Jasiecki ◽  
Adam Bogdan ◽  
Hanna Szpilewska ◽  
Grzegorz We˛grzyn
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Wild Type Counterpart ◽  
Mutagenic Pollution ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT For biodetection of mutagenic pollution of marine environments, an organism naturally occurring in these habitats should be used. We found that marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi may be an appropriate bioindicator of mutagenic pollution. For positive selection of mutants, we developed a simple method for isolation of V. harveyimutants resistant to neomycin. We constructed genetically modifiedV. harveyi strains that produce significantly more neomycin-resistant mutants upon treatment with low concentrations of mutagens than the wild-type counterpart. The sensitivity of the mutagenicity test with the V. harveyi strains is at least comparable to (if not higher than) that of the commonly used Ames test, which uses Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains. Therefore, we consider that the V. harveyi strains described in this report could be used as potential bioindicators of mutagenic pollution of marine environments.

Population of halophilic bacteria in salted fish products made in the Loochoo Islands, Okinawa and the Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa, Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKASHI KUDA ◽  
KAORI OKAMOTO ◽  
TOSHIHIRO YANO
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Made In

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the utilization of durian peel liquid smoke as a natural preservative for mackerel

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Asri Gani ◽  
Farid Mulana
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Natural Preservative ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Grade 3

Background: Durian peel is a type of biomass waste that contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. The pyrolysis of these compounds results in production of liquid smoke which can be used as a natural preservative to replace current synthetic preservatives. This research assessed the ability of liquid smoke produced during pyrolysis of durian peel to preserve fish. Methods: Dry durian peel waste underwent batch reactor pyrolysis at 340°C and 380°C, resulting in production of liquid smoke (grade 3), charcoal, and tar. This liquid smoke was then distilled at 190°C to produce grade 1 liquid smoke, which was used to preserve mackerel. The preservation process was conducted by soaking the mackerel samples in liquid smoke at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% concentration levels followed by observations every 6 hours. Tests to determine the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content, antibacterial quality of the liquid smoke and organoleptic quality of the fish were conducted in order to assess the preservation properties of the liquid smoke. Results: Tests on the antibacterial effects showed that the liquid smoke inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on fish even at low concentrations. At 54 hours, the TVB-N values remained below 30 mg nitrogen/g, indicating that the fish was still safe for human consumption. Results from the organoleptic tests showed that the concentration of liquid smoke influenced the preservation effects. Conclusions: At a concentration of 2–3%, the fish samples possessed acceptable flavor, taste, color and texture for up to 48 hours of soaking. However, the best conditions were obtained with a 3% concentration of liquid smoke (produced with 340°C pyrolysis), as the fish was still considered acceptable for up to 42 hours.

scholarly journals PENGUATAN EKONOMI KELUARGA NELAYAN MELALUI RAGAM PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERIKANAN PASCA PENANGKAPAN IKAN DI DESA BARANGKALANG KECAMATAN MANGANITU KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardie A. Andaki
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Economic Strengthening

Abstract The purpose of this study to determine the model of economic strengthening of fisher families through a variety of fish processing post-arrest. This study design case study, which researchers are trying to describe and give explanations about the model of economic strengthening families through a variety of post-processing of fishermen fishing. Qualitative methods used in this study, the research aims to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the subject of the study such behavior, perception, motivation, action and others, holistically and by way of description in the form of words and language, in a special natural context and with using various scientific methods (Moleong, 2009). Sources of data in the form of primary data obtained from informants who were subjected to the study. Informants are certain individuals who gave a detailed interview for information purposes in getting data. Acquisition of data sourced directly from the field into the observation. Secondary data were obtained from sources of relevant literature such as books, journals, magazines, and the internet. Data collection techniques and data recording is done by direct observation, interviews and documentation. Learning simple accounting, including financial analysis simple, able to open up the minds of the group in determining the accuracy of financial and business development potential for the processing of fishery products. Through counseling and discussion, both groups "Ester Jaya" and "Mawengi Bulude", willing to develop processing business prospective that we offer, the processing of fish to produce fish timber. Some examples of products that we brought (the fish samples processing results) are sold on the market (salted fish, fish "fufu", canned fish, fish, wooden sticks and shavings), open up horizons of creative thinking that these products are able to provide fish-processing group, associated fisheries resources and human resources in the village Barangkalang Manganitu District of Sangihe Islands Regency. Keywords: fish processing, various processing, strengthening the economy   Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan model penguatan ekonomi keluarga nelayan melalui ragam pengolahan ikan pasca penangkapan. Penelitian ini berdesain studi kasus, yaitu peneliti berusaha mendeskripsikan dan memberikan penjelasan tentang model penguatan ekonomi keluarga nelayan melalui ragam pengolahan pasca penangkapan ikan. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu penelitian yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian misalnya perilaku, persepsi, motivasi, tindakan dan lain-lain, secara holistic dan dengan cara deskripsi dalam bentuk kata-kata dan bahasa, pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah dan dengan memanfaatkan berbagai metode ilmiah (Moleong, 2009). Sumber data yang berbentuk data primer diperoleh dari informan yang menjadi sasaran penelitian. Informan adalah individu tertentu yang diwawacarai untuk keperluan informasi dalam mendapatkan data. Perolehan data bersumber langsung dari lapangan yang menjadi amatan. Data sekunder diperoleh dari sumber literatur yang relevan seperti buku-buku, jurnal, majalah, dan internet. Teknik pengumpulan data dan pencatatan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi langsung, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pembelajaran pembukuan sederhana, termasuk analisis finansial sederhana, mampu membuka cakrawala berpikir kelompok dalam menentukan ketepatan pembiayaan dan potensi pengembangan usaha pengolahan hasil perikanan. Melalui penyuluhan dan diskusi, baik kelompok ”Ester Jaya” maupun ”Mawengi Bulude”, bersedia mengembangkan usaha pengolahan prospektif yang kami tawarkan, yaitu pengolahan hasil perikanan menghasilkan ikan kayu. Beberapa contoh produk yang kami bawa (sampel ikan hasil pengolahan) yang laku dipasaran (ikan asin, ikan ”fufu”, ikan kaleng, ikan kayu batangan dan serutan), membuka cakrawala berpikir kreatif bahwa produk-produk ini mampu disediakan kelompok pengolahan ikan, terkait sumberdaya perikanan dan sumberdaya manusia yang ada di Desa Barangkalang Kecamatan Manganitu Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe. Kata kunci: pengolahan ikan, ragam pengolahan, penguatan ekonomi

scholarly journals A simple pressure-assisted method for cryo-EM specimen preparation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhao ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
M. Carroni ◽  
H. Lebrette ◽  
K. Wallden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Bottleneck

AbstractCryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has made great impacts on structural biology. However, specimen preparation remains a major bottleneck. Here, we report a simple method for preparing cryo-EM specimens, named Preassis, in which the excess liquid is removed by introducing a pressure gradient through the EM grid. We show the unique advantages of Preassis in handling samples with low concentrations of protein single particles and micro-crystals in a wide range of buffer conditions.

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