scholarly journals Explainable Embodied Agents Through Social Cues

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wallkötter ◽  
Silvia Tulli ◽  
Ginevra Castellano ◽  
Ana Paiva ◽  
Mohamed Chetouani
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Interested Reader ◽  
Embodied Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Impact

The issue of how to make embodied agents explainable has experienced a surge of interest over the past 3 years, and there are many terms that refer to this concept, such as transparency and legibility. One reason for this high variance in terminology is the unique array of social cues that embodied agents can access in contrast to that accessed by non-embodied agents. Another reason is that different authors use these terms in different ways. Hence, we review the existing literature on explainability and organize it by (1) providing an overview of existing definitions, (2) showing how explainability is implemented and how it exploits different social cues, and (3) showing how the impact of explainability is measured. Additionally, we present a list of open questions and challenges that highlight areas that require further investigation by the community. This provides the interested reader with an overview of the current state of the art.

scholarly journals Smoothing additive manufactured parts using ns-pulsed laser radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kuisat ◽  
Fernando Lasagni ◽  
Andrés Fabián Lasagni
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Pulsed Laser Radiation ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt is well known that the surface topography of a part can affect its mechanical performance, which is typical in additive manufacturing. In this context, we report about the surface modification of additive manufactured components made of Titanium 64 (Ti64) and Scalmalloy®, using a pulsed laser, with the aim of reducing their surface roughness. In our experiments, a nanosecond-pulsed infrared laser source with variable pulse durations between 8 and 200 ns was applied. The impact of varying a large number of parameters on the surface quality of the smoothed areas was investigated. The results demonstrated a reduction of surface roughness Sa by more than 80% for Titanium 64 and by 65% for Scalmalloy® samples. This allows to extend the applicability of additive manufactured components beyond the current state of the art and break new ground for the application in various industrial applications such as in aerospace.

scholarly journals Multifaceted origins of sex differences in the brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1688) ◽  
pp. 20150106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biological Variable ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Brain

Studies of sex differences in the brain range from reductionistic cell and molecular analyses in animal models to functional imaging in awake human subjects, with many other levels in between. Interpretations and conclusions about the importance of particular differences often vary with differing levels of analyses and can lead to discord and dissent. In the past two decades, the range of neurobiological, psychological and psychiatric endpoints found to differ between males and females has expanded beyond reproduction into every aspect of the healthy and diseased brain, and thereby demands our attention. A greater understanding of all aspects of neural functioning will only be achieved by incorporating sex as a biological variable. The goal of this review is to highlight the current state of the art of the discipline of sex differences research with an emphasis on the brain and to contextualize the articles appearing in the accompanying special issue.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
J. V. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
List Type ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

During the past two years, there has been a sharp acceleration to the interest which industry has displayed in the subject of management education. This can be attributed to these factors: —(a) A more widespread realisation of the gap developing between the UK and a number of foreign economies, as manifested by diverging rates of the major economic indicators.(b) The attainment of top-management responsibilities by a younger generation of managers, many of whom had been given some earlier training and who were more conscious of its value than the incumbents of the job from earlier generations.(c) The publication of the Franks, Robbins and (in the aerospace industry) the Plowden reports.(d) The impact of the Industrial Training Boards making it manifest, in terms of serious levies, that training was an economic necessity and therefore must be investigated thoroughly.Notwithstanding the widespread awakening of interest, it is very belated and sets numerous problems. The problems are in two areas—scale and quality.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Chemosensors for Ion and Molecule Recognition: The Next Chapter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Cheng Yan ◽  
Axel Steinbrueck ◽  
Adam C. Sedgwick ◽  
Tony D. James
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fluorescent Chemosensors ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Molecule Recognition

Over the past 30 years fluorescent chemosensors have evolved to incorporate many optical-based modalities and strategies. In this perspective we seek to highlight the current state of the art as well as provide our viewpoint on the most significant future challenges remaining in the area. To underscore current trends in the field and to facilitate understanding of the area, we provide the reader with appropriate contemporary examples. We then conclude with our thoughts on the most probable directions that chemosensor development will take in the not-too-distant future.

scholarly journals Climate-dependent propagation of precipitation uncertainty into the water cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fallah ◽  
Sungmin O ◽  
Rene Orth
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conceptual Hydrological Model

Abstract. Precipitation is a crucial variable for hydro-meteorological applications. Unfortunately, rain gauge measurements are sparse and unevenly distributed, which substantially hampers the use of in-situ precipitation data in many regions of the world. The increasing availability of high-resolution gridded precipitation products presents a valuable alternative, especially over gauge-sparse regions. Nevertheless, uncertainties and corresponding differences across products can limit the applicability of these data. This study examines the usefulness of current state-of-the-art precipitation datasets in hydrological modelling. For this purpose, we force a conceptual hydrological model with multiple precipitation datasets in > 200 European catchments. We consider a wide range of precipitation products, which are generated via (1) interpolation of gauge measurements (E-OBS and GPCC V.2018), (2) combination of multiple sources (MSWEP V2) and (3) data assimilation into reanalysis models (ERA-Interim, ERA5, and CFSR). For each catchment, runoff and evapotranspiration simulations are obtained by forcing the model with the various precipitation products. Evaluation is done at the monthly time scale during the period of 1984–2007. We find that simulated runoff values are highly dependent on the accuracy of precipitation inputs, and thus show significant differences between the simulations. By contrast, simulated evapotranspiration is generally much less influenced. The results are further analysed with respect to different hydro-climatic regimes. We find that the impact of precipitation uncertainty on simulated runoff increases towards wetter regions, while the opposite is observed in the case of evapotranspiration. Finally, we perform an indirect performance evaluation of the precipitation datasets by comparing the runoff simulations with streamflow observations. Thereby, E-OBS yields the best agreement, while furthermore ERA5, GPCC V.2018 and MSWEP V2 show good performance. In summary, our findings highlight a climate-dependent propagation of precipitation uncertainty through the water cycle; while runoff is strongly impacted in comparatively wet regions such as Central Europe, there are increasing implications on evapotranspiration towards drier regions.

Standards als Steuerungsinstrumente

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Witting
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Carbon Footprinting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Controlling Mechanism

Standards as a controlling mechanism: Methods and effects of carbon footprinting in the logistic sector. Carbon footprints describe the greenhouse gas emissions of predefined objects, such as products, companies, persons or transport units. Corresponding emission calculation standards have been developed and their application increased over the past decade. The article discusses this development, the current state of implementation and open questions regarding application and harmonization using the example of the logistic sector. Additionally, the author explores the question, how carbon footprints contribute to CO

scholarly journals Insight and psychosis: the next 30 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. David
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
Clinical Associations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Academic interest in the concept of insight in psychosis has increased markedly over the past 30 years, prompting this selective appraisal of the current state of the art. Considerable progress has been made in terms of measurement and confirming a number of clinical associations. More recently, the relationship between insight and involuntary treatment has been scrutinised more closely alongside the link between decision-making capacity and insight. Advances in the clinical and cognitive neurosciences have influenced conceptual development, particularly the field of ‘metacognition’. New therapies, including those that are psychologically and neurophysiologically based, are being tested as ways to enhance insight.

FOREWORD

Geophysics ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Test Ban

A decade ago, it would have been the rare geophysicist indeed who would have predicted that his specialty was destined to become a major topic of discussion between such world political leaders as Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy, Prime Minister Macmillan of Great Britain, and Chairman Khrushchev of the USSR. Yet this has come to pass during the past six years, for in 1958 there started the continuing round of international negotiations directed towards the creation of an effective underground test-ban treaty. During the conduct of these negotiations, it has been repeatedly necessary to assess the current state-of-the-art in seismology and its sister geophysical sciences, for the only detectable signals known to propagate for several hundreds to thousands of miles from underground nuclear tests are seismic in nature. With the United States policy being only to seek an underground-test-ban agreement incorporating strong safeguards against acts of bad faith, it is important that the political safe-guards be backed up by those of a geophysical nature.

scholarly journals A brief history of metrology: past, present, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Fanton
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International System ◽  
Actual State ◽  
The Past ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we take the freedom to paraphrase Stephen Hawking's well-known formula and approach, for a reflection about metrology. In fact, metrology has a past, a present, and a future. The past is marked by a rich series of events, of which we shall highlight only those which resulted in major turns. The impact of the French Revolution is indisputably one of them. The present corresponds to a significant evolution, which is the entry of metrology into the world of quantum physics, with the relevant changes in the International System of units (SI). An apercu of the actual state of the art of metrological technology is given. The future is characterised by a persisting need for a still enhanced metrology, in terms of performance and domain covered. In this respect, soft metrology seems to constitute a promising field for research and development.

Does crime affect entrepreneurship? A discussion of the current literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Matti ◽  
Amanda Ross
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Location Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose There are countless factors that affect where an entrepreneur chooses to open a business that have been studied in the literature, including local socio-economic conditions, government policy, and agglomeration economies. One important aspect to the location decision that has not received as much attention from researchers thus far is the impact of crime on entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current literature on this topic, with a particular emphasis on the empirical issues present that have likely caused the research in this area to be scarce. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct an analysis of the current state of the literature examining the relationship between crime and entrepreneurship. Looking at what has been done in the past, as well as improvements in the data, the authors discuss what has been done and what can be done in the future. Findings The authors discuss areas related to entrepreneurship and crime that the authors see as an emerging literature, based largely on the improvements in data and identification strategies that allow the authors to answer questions that the authors previously could not. Originality/value This paper is a review of the current literature, which also discusses areas that future researchers should consider and analyze further.

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