scholarly journals Study and Management of a Q Fever Outbreak among Machine Tool Workers in the Basque Country (Spain)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Delgado Naranjo ◽  
Eva Alonso Fustel ◽  
Inmaculada Aspiritxaga Gamarra ◽  
Guillermo Ezpeleta Lobato ◽  
Nerea Muniozguren Agirre
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim of this study is to describe a Q fever outbreak that affected the staff of a machine-tool factory in the Basque Country between 2009/12/20 and 2010/02/23. Study subjects were interviewed using a Q fever specific questionnaire and tested for Q fever serology (immunofluorescence assay with phase II antigen) and detecting Coxiella burnetii DNA using real-time PCR. We interviewed and tested 40 employees (90% of the staff). 33 employees, all of them men, had positive serology (attack rate 82.5%, 95% CI: 70.2–94.8). Mean age was 43.7 years (95% CI: 38.7–48.7) in positive men, 33.7 years (95% CI: −16.6–83.9) in negative men, and 36.25 (95% CI: 27.5–45.0) in women (all negatives). 15 cases (45.5%) were asymptomatic, 9 (27.3%) had flu-like symptoms, and the other 9 (27.3%) had developed radiologically confirmed pneumonia. We obtained 28 blood samples, 22 faeces samples, 11 milk samples, and one vaginal swab from 28 goats resting in a stable near the factory. Serology was positive in 18 goats (64.3%). All environmental samples were negative.

scholarly journals Q fever: baseline monitoring of a sheep and a goat flock associated with human infections

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 1939-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. EIBACH ◽  
F. BOTHE ◽  
M. RUNGE ◽  
S. F. FISCHER ◽  
W. PHILIPP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Goat Flock ◽  
Swabian Alb

SUMMARYAnimal losses due to abortion and weak offspring during a lambing period amounted up to 25% in a goat flock and up to 18% in a sheep flock kept at an experimental station on the Swabian Alb, Germany. Fifteen out of 23 employees and residents on the farm tested positive forCoxiella burnetiiantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Ninety-four per cent of the goats and 47% of the sheep were seropositive forC. burnetiiby ELISA. Blood samples of 8% of goats and 3% of sheep were PCR positive.C. burnetiiwas shed by all tested animals through vaginal mucus, by 97% of the goats and 78% of the sheep through milk, and by all investigated sheep through faeces (PCR testing). In this outbreak human and animal infection were temporally related suggesting that one was caused by the other.

scholarly journals Antibodies against rickettsiae from spotted fever groups in horses from two mesoregions in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1713-1719
Author(s):  
A.P. Medeiros ◽  
A.B. Moura ◽  
A.P. Souza ◽  
V. Bellato ◽  
A.A. Sartor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Brazilian Spotted Fever ◽  
Sentinel Animals

Bacteria of the Rickettsia genus are agents of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), a zoonotic disease which is difficult to diagnose, evolves quickly and can result in death. Antibodies against Rickettsia spp. in horses were studied, by means of Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFAT ≥64), in 150 blood samples taken from animals in two Santa Catarina mesoregions (Planalto Serrano and Vale do Itajaí). The overall occurrence of Rickettsia spp. antibodies in horses was 18.66%, with cross-reactivity occurring in all positive samples for at least two of the species tested. Separately, according to the species, 25 (16.66%) samples were positive for R. rickettsii, 15 (10%) for R. parkeri, 22 (14.66%) for R. amblyommii, 23 (15.33%) for R. rhipicephali, 16 (10.66%) for R. bellii and 19 (12.66%) for R. felis. Only two animals resulted in a conclusive serodiagnosis, one for R. bellii and the other for R. rickettsii, at maximum dilutions of 1:4096 and 1:512, respectively. The occurrence of antibodies against Rickettsia spp. in horses from two mesoregions in the state of Santa Catarina indicates the movement of BSF agents in these sentinel animals and confirms the importance of studying spotted fever in the state of Santa Catarina.

scholarly journals Apicomplexan Protozoa Responsible for Reproductive Disorders: Occurrence of DNA in Blood and Milk of Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Minireview of the Related Literature

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Stefania Perrucci ◽  
Lisa Guardone ◽  
Iolanda Altomonte ◽  
Federica Salari ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Blood Specimens

Donkeys may be susceptible to many pathological agents and may act as carriers of pathogens for other animal species and humans. This study evaluated the occurrence of potentially abortifacient apicomplexan protozoa DNA in blood and milk samples collected at different time periods during lactation (1, 6, and 10 months) from 33 healthy dairy jennies. A total of 73 blood and 73 milk samples were used for DNA extraction and analysis. Blood specimens from 11/33 (33%) jennies scored positive for Theileria equi, while milk samples scored negative. Blood and milk of 3/33 jennies yielded DNA of Toxoplasma gondii at 6 months (n. 1) and 10 months (n. 2) after parturition. Neospora caninum DNA was found in four milk and in five blood samples only at one month after parturition. This study is the first report about the presence of N. caninum DNA in milk of naturally infected jennies. Moreover, the excretion of N. caninum DNA in some of these jennies at 30 days from the parturition may suggest a possible occurrence of an endogenous cycle, while the presence of T. gondii DNA in the milk collected at 6 and 10 months after parturition may be suggestive of a discontinuous excretion.

scholarly journals Upstream – News in Genomics

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples

In recent months a bumper crop of genomes has been completed, including the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and rice (Oryza sativa). Two large-scale studies ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeprotein complexes provided a picture of the eukaryotic proteome as a network of complexes. Amongst the other stories of interest was a demonstration that proteomic analysis of blood samples can be used to detect ovarian cancer, perhaps even as early as stage I.

CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF THE MAMMARY SECRETION OF COWS DURING THE INITIATION OF LACTATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. HARTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
Two Phases

SUMMARY Mammary secretion (1·2–2·0 ml) was collected from the milk sinus of each mammary gland (quarter) of two pregnant heifers and eight pregnant cows (dry period 49–229 days), first at weekly intervals from 40 days before parturition, then with increasing frequency as parturition approached. The progressive changes in the concentration of lactose, glucose, casein, non-casein protein and fat in the mammary secretion were determined. Calves were separated from the cows immediately after birth and the yield and composition of milk from individual quarters were determined for 5 days after parturition. Two quarters (milked quarters) of each of a further five cows were milked throughout pregnancy, while the other two quarters (unmilked quarters) of each cow were allowed to involute (dry off) 63– 104 days before parturition. Small samples (5–10 ml) of secretion were collected from the unmilked quarters, first at weekly intervals after drying off and then every second day from 10 to 15 days before parturition. On the days that the unmilked quarters were sampled, corresponding composite milk samples were collected from the milked quarters and the progressive changes in the yield of milk, lactose and fat were determined. The changes in the concentration of lactose and glucose in the mammary secretion, during drying off in late lactation, were determined in an additional five cows. In most cows allowed a usual dry period, and in the unmilked quarters of cows in which two quarters were milked throughout pregnancy, the concentration of lactose gradually increased from about 8 to 12 days before parturition to reach levels of about half those found in normal milk just before parturition. However, in some cows the concentration of lactose was low until 1–2 days before parturition and then increased abruptly, whereas in others the concentration of lactose increased slowly from as early as 32 days before parturition. A further rapid increase in the concentration of lactose in the mammary secretion occurred between 0 and 4 days before parturition in all cows. This latter increase was accompanied by an abrupt increase in the yield of milk, lactose and fat in the milked quarters of the cows in which two quarters were milked throughout pregnancy. These observations suggest that the initiation of lactation in the cow develops in two phases, a limited secretion of milk constituents occurs in late pregnancy and then 0–4 days before parturition copious secretion (lactogenesis) occurs.

Salmonella spp. in Healthy Swine and in Abattoir Environments in Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMA S. LÁZARO ◽  
ANITA TIBANA ◽  
ERNESTO HOFER
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Tank Water

Tonsils and inguinal, mesenteric, and prescapular lymph node samples collected from 115 swine carcasses from two abattoirs and a family-run operation in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were cultured for the presence of Salmonella species. Salmonella spp. were detected in 40 (34.8%) of the swine samples with the following distribution; tonsils (31/40, 77.5%), mesenteric lymph nodes (16/40, 40.0%), inguinal lymph nodes, (9/40, 22.5%), and prescapular lymph nodes (7/40, 17.5%), Scalding tank water and environmental swabs collected from the abattoirs were also analyzed. Salmonella spp. were recovered from 13 of 51 (22.5%) of the environmental samples from one of the two abattoirs, none from those from the other abattoir. Salmonella spp. were recovered from the evisceration tables (5/11, 45.5%), the killing room (3/10, 30.0%), the holding pen (2/10, 20.0%), the butchering saw (2/10, 20.0%), and the scalding tank (1/10, 10.0%). The most frequently detected serovar was Salmonella Muenster. The results show the necessity of adopting more effective hygienic measures in the abattoirs as well as in the areas where swine are raised in order to reduce the role of abattoirs and storage facilities in the spread of Salmonella contamination.

Excretion of Iohexol and Metrizoate in Human Breast Milk

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Nielsen ◽  
I. Matheson ◽  
J. N. Rasmussen ◽  
K. Skinnemoen ◽  
E. Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Decay Curve ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Slow Decay ◽  
Contrast Medium Injection

Six lactating women undergoing contrast media examination had milk and blood taken to determine the rate and extent of excretion of iohexol (Omnipaque) (four mothers) and metrizoate (Isopaque) (two mothers). Blood samples were taken up to 45 minutes and milk samples up to 48 hours after the contrast medium injection. The excretion was low, reaching a maximum at 3 to 6 hours and showing a slow decay curve (t 1/2 = 15 to 108 hours). One mother, who was weaning her baby, showed a different excretion pattern. The amount excreted during 24 hours was about 0.5 per cent of the weight adjusted maternal dose for both iohexol and metrizoate. It is not likely, that such a low dose of poorly absorbed drug would cause any adverse effects in the infant, unless it is hypersensitive to the drug already. The authors consider breast feeding to be acceptable for mothers receiving iohexol or metrizoate.

Concentrations of glucose, albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium in the blood of beef calves at 2 ½ months of age and their relationships with subsequent weight gain

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Body Weights

SummaryBlood samples were taken at 9, 10 and 11 weeks of age from 230 male Hereford × Friesian calves, the progeny of 12 Hereford bulls. Concentrations of blood glucose, serum albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium were measured and correlated with body weights and growth rates until slaughter at 19½ months of age.Correlations between growth rates and glucose concentrations (0·44) and between growth rates and albumin concentrations (0·38) were observed until 4 months of age. Similar correlations between body weights and blood glucose or albumin concentrations persisted until 6 months of age. By 10 months, however, the correlations had begun to decline, and by slaughter they had become insignificant.Correlations between growth rates and inorganic phosphate or sodium concentrations were smaller, and also decreased with age.The effect of hypoglycaemia on growth rate was compared with the effect of enzootic pneumonia. Although the 10% of calves with the lowest glucose concentrations were growing 24% more slowly than the other calves at the time of sampling, this growth depression was not related to pneumonia, and they subsequently made up for most of the early loss of growth.Three blood samples were also taken from 22 Hereford bulls. No significant correlations were observed between the blood composition of the bulls and the body weights or weight gains of their progeny.

scholarly journals Serological survey for Chagas' disease in school children in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Walter B. Petana ◽  
José Rodrigues Coura ◽  
Henry P. F. Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Triatomine Bugs ◽  
Fluorescence Test ◽  
Janeiro State

A serological survey for Chagas' disease was carried out in school children in the Rio de Janeiro State, a zone considered as non-endemic for the infection. A total of 168 schools in 20 municipalities have been visited and 13,254 blood samples were obtained. The blood eluates were screened by the indirect fluorescence test (IFT), and all positive samples were checked and confirmed in sera by the complement fixation test (CFT). AH serologically positive children were subject to a clinical scrutiny, and the houses where the children lived have been searched for triatomine bugs. Only in two municipalities, Magé and Araruama, there was a significant number of children found positive. The total number of reactive samples by IFT and CFT from 13,004 blood samples screened was 143 (1.00 per cent). No serious clinicai symptoms suggestive of Chagas' disease have been found in any of the positive children, and no triatomine bugs were discovered in the dwellings where the children lived. The overall small percentage of children with positive serology postulates that the infection is not a serious health problem in the area investigated. It is recommended, however, to carry out a more detailed study in Magé and Araruama to find the reason for the relatively high percentage of serologically positive children encountered in these two municipalities.

scholarly journals Detection of cross-reactive IgA against SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in saliva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Tsukinoki ◽  
Tatsuo Yamamoto ◽  
Keisuke Handa ◽  
Mariko Iwamiya ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces

AbstractAbundant secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucus, breast milk, and saliva provides immunity that prevents infection of mucosal surfaces. sIgA in pre-pandemic breast milk samples have been reported to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, but whether it also occurs in saliva and, if so, whether it cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2, has remained unknown. We aimed to clarify whether sIgA in saliva cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in individuals who have not been infected with this virus. The study included 137 (male, n = 101; female, n = 36; mean age, 38.7 [24–65] years) of dentists and doctors in the Kanagawa Dental University Hospital. Saliva and blood samples were analyzed by PCR and immunochromatography for IgG and IgM, respectively. We then identified patients with saliva samples that were confirmed as PCR- and IgM-negative for COVID-19. Proportions of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a biotin-labeled spike S1-mFc recombinant protein covering the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals was 46.7%, and this correlated negatively with age (r = −0.218, p = 0.01). The proportion of IgA-positive individuals ≥ 50 y was significantly lower than that of patients aged ≤ 49 y (p = 0.008). sIgA was purified from the saliva of all patients, and the salivary sIgA was found to suppress the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the ACE-2 receptor. We found SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive sIgA in the saliva of some participants who had never been infected with the virus, suggesting that sIgA helps prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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