Family Caregiver Perspectives on Caring for Ventilator-Assisted Individuals at Home

BACKGROUND: The trend of patients who are invasively ventilated to prefer home care is one that benefits both the patient and the health care system. However, this assumes a role for patients’ family members to become informal caregivers.OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of caring for a ventilator-assisted individual on informal caregivers.METHODS: A descriptive design with semistructured caregiver interviews and the Caregiver Burden Inventory were used. Participants were informal caregivers of a family member with a progressive neuromuscular disease on invasive ventilation for at least six months. Transcript coding was performed and regularly reviewed, and recruitment continued until data saturation. Qualitative analysis was based on ‘thematic analysis’.RESULTS: A total of 21 caregivers were interviewed. Five themes developed: a sense of duty; restriction of day-to-day life; physical and emotional burden; training and education; and the need for more paid support. Caregivers described a sense of duty to take care of loved ones, but suffered a significant restriction of their own time with a negative impact on their physical and mental health. The initial transfer home was highlighted as the most stressful part of the process. The Caregiver Burden Inventory scores supported a high level of burden: median 49 (interquartile range 39.5 to 53.0) of a maximum 96.CONCLUSION: Homecare for ventilator-assisted individuals with progressive neuromuscular disease causes significant burden to informal care-givers. Approaches to lessen this burden, such as increased paid care, improved professional support and respite care, may enable home ventilation to be a more sustainable modality of care.

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Impact of COVID-19 on the Health and Well-being of Informal Caregivers of People with Dementia: A Rapid Systematic Review

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/23337214211020164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 233372142110201

Author(s):

M. Courtney Hughes ◽

Yujun Liu ◽

Abby Baumbach

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Living Arrangement ◽

Informal Caregivers ◽

Well Being ◽

Rapid Review ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Psychosocial Resilience ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

The Impact ◽

Health And Well Being

Background: In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, raised worldwide concern. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced health and wellness across the globe and caused nearly three million deaths. This study focuses on informal caregivers of people with dementia, a disease that affects about 50 million older adults worldwide and requires much caregiving support. Objective: Examine the current literature on the impact of COVID-19 on the health and well-being of informal caregivers for people with dementia. Method: This rapid review was conducted across five electronic databases for quantitative and qualitative articles published through March 15, 2021. Results: The 10 studies included in this review reported quantitative descriptive data from across the globe; however, no studies existed from the U.S. or East Asia countries. All of the studies examined the psychological rather than physical impact of COVID-19 and highlighted risk and protective factors in the areas of psychosocial (resilience, neuropsychiatric, and social isolation), sociodemographic (gender and education), and environmental (home confinement, living arrangement, and dementia stage). Conclusion: COVID-19 has had a considerable negative impact on the psychological well-being of informal caregivers of people with dementia, namely causing more depression and anxiety than pre-pandemic.

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A Proposal of an innovative program for informal caregivers of patients with mood disorders

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.943 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S603-S603

Author(s):

J. Cabral ◽

C. Barreto Carvalho ◽

P. Castilho Freitas ◽

C. Pato

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Informal Caregivers ◽

Well Being ◽

Control Group ◽

Compassion Focused Therapy ◽

The Impact

IntroductionIntervention with informal caregivers (IC) of psychiatric patients is internationally recognized as relevant and a priority. However, the existing responses in this area are still insufficient, especially regarding caregivers of individuals with mood disorders (MD). Mindfulness and compassion focused therapy have proven to be an effective approach in stress reduction and in improving emotional and social well-being of caregivers of patients with other conditions. However, no studies testing these new approaches in IC of patients with MD have been carried out. The objective of this work is to present a research project that aims to develop, implement and empirically test the effectiveness of an innovative group program to help informal caregivers of individuals with mood disorders to cope with the negative impact of the disease and reduce caregiver burdens.MethodsThe design of this experimental study to test the program's efficacy is a non-randomised controlled trial (nrct) with 12 months follow-up, with a mixed assessment methodology (quantitative and qualitative analysis). A sample of 60 informal caregivers of individuals with chronic MD will be constituted (n = 30 Control group; n= 30 Experimental group).ResultsWe expect the program to promote significant changes in participants in terms of several emotional variables (eg: burden, stress, resilience, compassion and quality of life).ConclusionsFurther efforts to continue studying the impact of interventions in caregivers should be carried out, as a way to improve the quality of life of caregivers and their ability to provide informal care to MD patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Cross-sectional study on prevalence and consequences of screen time on physical and mental health in children in the era of COVID-19

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v13i1.40578 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Neha Thakur (Rai) ◽

Arvind Kumar Singh ◽

Narendra Rai ◽

Devesh Kumar Shukla

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Screen Time ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Background: With the ongoing growth and expansion of digital media and COVID-19 pandemic, children are inclining more and more toward spending time on digital media as compared to outdoor sports, leading to poor physical and mental growth. Developed nations have already set up a screen time guideline which is yet to be established in developing nations. This study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the needs of screen time guidelines and to study the impact of screen time on mental and physical health in children. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to check the screen time in children aged 2–18 and find the health consequences both physical and psychological in those children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on children aged 2–18 years was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Parents were asked to fill a pre-structured questionnaire. Impact on health physical and mental were assessed by pediatrician and psychologist. Results: A total of 155 children were enrolled in the study. Mean child hours in children aged 2–5 years, 5–10 years, and 10–18 years were 4 h, 5.83 h, and 6.29 h on week days and 5.64 h, 5.76 h, and 7.69 h on weekends, respectively. More than one-third of children had age of onset of screen time below 2 years of age. About 70% of children had malnutrition. Only 18% of parents were aware of concept of screen free days. Screen time had negative impact on health (P=0.0001) and on behavior of child (P=0.001). Average increase in screen time during COVID-19 was nearly 3 times the pre-COVID era. Conclusion: This study has paved the way for the need of larger study and development of guidelines on impact of screen time on children in developing nations where screen time guidelines is yet to be set more so in era of COVID 19 pandemic.

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Prison stress in women and its negative impact in the process of correcting

Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta ◽

10.53993/2078-3914/2019/2(39)/69-76 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

Марина Владиславовна Минстер

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

The Public ◽

Corrective Effect ◽

Subjective Reaction ◽

Resistance To Stress ◽

Prison Environment ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact ◽

Gender Aspect

В статье рассматриваются причины и факторы, способствующие возникновению пенитенциарного стресса у осужденных к лишению свободы женщин. Стресс как субъективная реакция психики на изоляцию от общества больше связан с воздействием пенитенциарной среды и способствует развитию деструктивных проявлений у женщин, что негативно влияет на исправительное воздействие и часто проявляется на стадии адаптации и перед освобождением. В гендерном аспекте результаты исследования показали, что осужденные к лишению свободы мужчины проявляют устойчивость к стрессорным воздействиям при высоком уровне стресса, депрессивные состояния среди них в несколько раз меньше, чем у женщин. Пенитенциарный стресс у женщин является более контрастным, так как уровень психоэмоциональных переживаний выше и требуется значительно больше времени для восстановления, чем мужчинам. Исследуется практика применения индивидуальных и групповых психокоррекционных методик, осуществляемых в процессе исполнения наказания, которые создают условия для самоисправления женщины. Оптимизация исправительного воздействия возможна при условии включения осужденных женщин в воспитательно-ресоциализационные и социально-реабилитационные программы с учетом психофизиологических особенностей и анализа психодинамики их активности, с использованием дополнительного положительного влияния близких родственников и общественности на разных этапах отбывания наказания. The article discusses the causes and factors contributing to stress in prison of persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty of women. Stress as a subjective reaction of the psyche to isolation from society is more related to the impact of the prison environment and contributes to the development of destructive manifestations in women, which negatively affects the corrective effect and often manifests itself at the stage of adaptation and before release. In the gender aspect, the results of the study showed that men sentenced to imprisonment show resistance to stress at a high level of stress, depression among them several times less, unlike women. Penitentiary stress in women is more contrast, because the level of psycho-emotional experiences is higher and it takes much more time to recover than men. The author of the article studies the practice of applying individual and group psychocorrection techniques carried out in the process of execution of punishment, which create conditions for self-correction of women. Optimization of treatment possible, subject to the inclusion of women offenders in a correctional reintegration and social rehabilitation programme taking into account psycho-physiological characteristics and analysis of the psychodynamics of activity, using the influence of relatives and the public at various stages of punishment.

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Family Burden in Frailty Syndrome Care Givers: Impact of Psychoeducation

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.9130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 3032-3035

Author(s):

Rihmaningtyas ◽

Elida Ulfiana ◽

Sylvia Dwi Wahyuni

Keyword(s):

Caregiver Burden ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

The Elderly ◽

Frailty Syndrome ◽

Term Care ◽

Care Givers ◽

The Family ◽

Post Test ◽

The Impact

Elderly with frailty syndrome experience a disturbance on physical condition, psychology, social, and financial of the family caregivers. This is due to the long-term care. The nurture will be hampered if the burden is not well handled. This study aims to determine the effect of psychoeducation on families who provide care to the elderly with frailty syndrome. Useable design is a non-experimental one group pre post-test. The number of samples is 15 respondents who provide care to family members who have frailty syndrome. Psychoeducation is given five sessions in three meetings. Lastly, one extra meeting for re-measuring the caregiver burden after intervention. The results of pre-test level of caregiver burden before intervention was 20% severe and 80% moderate. After the intervention, the results changed into the 53.3% average and 46.7% mild. Statistical analysis showed p = 0.001 (significance p < 0.05) on the impact of caregiver burden and psychological impact as much as 53%, physical 27%, social 12% and economic 8%. Psychoeducation affects the level of caregiver burden on caregivers who nurture the elderly with frailty syndrome. The impact of caregiver burden is mostly on the psychological aspects.

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Mutual effect of labour market development and COVID-19 pandemic progression

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-421-428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 421-428

Author(s):

N. V. Shishkina ◽

E. A. Mamistova ◽

T. V. Sabetova

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Mutual Effect ◽

The State ◽

Social Consequence ◽

Staff Retention ◽

Current Events ◽

The Moment ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

This paper tackles the economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets and human capital. Specifically, it looks into the issues the pandemic brought upon the human resources and personnel during coronavirus lockdowns. The high level of globalization characteristic of the modern economy has only exacerbated the negative impact of the pandemic. At the moment, it remains impossible to assess the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the damage caused to the economies of countries and regions by this event. However, it is possible to identify the main directions of analysis of the consequences of the pandemic, including in terms of the impact on the state of the labor market, which was the main goal of this study. In particular, the authors highlight a number of consequences, the work on overcoming which is still to be done by the Russian socio-economic system. The most obvious of them is the growth of unemployment, the release of part of the employed and the reduction in the number of jobs, and this is observed extremely unevenly across the sectors of the economy. Nevertheless, the authors point out that the problem of staff release is aggravated by the size of the share of informal employment in the labor market, especially in the sectors of public catering, leisure and tourism that have been most affected by the pandemic. As the second important problem, the authors point to ineffective staff reduction, the dismissal of useful and valuable employees of some organizations while maintaining an unnecessarily bloated staff of others. It also mentions the reasons and forms of staff retention, some of which, being either forced or economically and technologically attractive, give rise to additional problems. The authors call an important social consequence of the pandemic a reduction in the number and level of personal contacts in society, in particular, in working groups. As a result, the author's vision of the long-term consequences of current events for the state of the labor market, employment of the population and the economy as a whole is proposed.)

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Pet Ownership and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8120332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 332

Author(s):

Kristel J. Scoresby ◽

Elizabeth B. Strand ◽

Zenithson Ng ◽

Kathleen C. Brown ◽

Charles Robert Stilz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Adult Population ◽

The Body ◽

Future Research ◽

Pet Ownership ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Impact

Pet ownership is the most common form of human–animal interaction, and anecdotally, pet ownership can lead to improved physical and mental health for owners. However, scant research is available validating these claims. This study aimed to review the recent peer reviewed literature to better describe the body of knowledge surrounding the relationship between pet ownership and mental health. A literature search was conducted in May 2020 using two databases to identify articles that met inclusion/exclusion criteria. After title review, abstract review, and then full article review, 54 articles were included in the final analysis. Of the 54 studies, 18 were conducted in the general population, 15 were conducted in an older adult population, eight were conducted in children and adolescents, nine focused on people with chronic disease, and four examined a specific unique population. Forty-one of the studies were cross-sectional, 11 were prospective longitudinal cohorts, and two were other study designs. For each of the articles, the impact of pet ownership on the mental health of owners was divided into four categories: positive impact (n = 17), mixed impact (n = 19), no impact (n = 13), and negative impact (n = 5). Among the reviewed articles, there was much variation in population studied and study design, and these differences make direct comparison challenging. However, when focusing on the impact of pet ownership on mental health, the results were variable and not wholly supportive of the benefit of pets on mental health. Future research should use more consistent methods across broader populations and the development of a pet-ownership survey module for use in broad, population surveys would afford a better description of the true relationship of pet ownership and mental health.

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

International Humanitarian University Herald. Economics and Management ◽

10.32841/2413-2675/2021-49-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuliia Romanovska ◽

Lily Strapachuk

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Shadow Economy ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Economic Security ◽

The State ◽

State Budget ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

High Inflation ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

The article considers the approaches to the interpretation of the category "shadow economy", which causes a variety of approaches to assessing the impact of the shadow economy on the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The spread of the pandemic and the complication of economic conditions, formed as a result of the introduction of forced restrictive measures, have led to the growth of the shadow economy in Ukraine. The index of shadowing of the economic sphere in relation to the inflation index and the level of the state budget deficit has been studied. The factors that led to the shadowing of the economy and caused the growth of the share of the shadow sector in the economy of Ukraine are highlighted. The main components of shadow employment are identified. Business entities operating in the shadow sector have significantly more competitive advantages and much higher efficiency than legally operating businesses. As a result, such enterprises are an obstacle to the flow of funds to the budgets of all levels of the country, and as a consequence, have a negative impact on socio-economic development in general. In recent years, state budget expenditures have been growing too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation and, consequently, negatively affects the socio-economic security of society. Budget expenditures are closely linked to public policy, which allows the state to curb the level of economic shadowing through measures to reform relevant areas. It is investigated that the State budget expenditures grow too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation. The paper substantiates the reasons for the growth of the shadow economy and identifies the main measures to reduce shadow employment, the manifestations of which are the deformation of social and economic institutions of the state. The de-shadowing of the economy provides citizens with the right to social protection, in the form of social guarantees in case of unemployment, temporary incapacity for work, accidents or occupational diseases during official work, pensions, etc.

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Caregiver burden in haemophilia: results from a single UK centre

The Journal of Haemophilia Practice ◽

10.17225/jhp00094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 40-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kate Khair ◽

Sylvia Von Mackensen

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Short Form ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Bodily Pain ◽

Perceived Burden ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Emotional Role ◽

The Impact

Abstract Haemophilia caregivers face limitations in their life leading to perceived burden. This single-centre study investigates the impact of burden on caregivers’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: Questionnaires for caregivers comprised demographic data, HRQoL (EQ-5D, SF-36) and caregiver burden (IOF: Impact on Family Scale). Children were also asked about their HRQoL (EQ-5D, Haemo-QoL Short Form). Results: 20 consecutive parent/child dyads participated. 80% were mothers (mean age of 39.80±6.2 years) with 1-3 haemophilic children aged 8-17 years and 2.5±1.2 children <18 years living in the household. Mothers did most childcare (80%), 50% worked part-time, and 55% reported that haemophilia had an economic impact on their family. 80% of boys had haemophilia A; 60% were severely affected. Most received home treatment (85%) and prophylaxis (80%). Caregivers’ and boys’ HRQoL was similarly good (EQ-5Dparents M=0.90±0.1 vs. EQ-5Dchild M=0.81±0.3); by contrast, boys reported better values in the EQ-VAS (Mchild=90.25±10.0 vs. Mparents=82.16±14.8). Caregivers reported highest impairments in the dimensions ‘vitality’ (M=60.00±20.5) and ‘emotional role’ (M=70.37±42.6) of the SF-36. In the IOF, caregivers reported highest impairments in the dimension ‘negative impact’ (M=60.08±20.7). Caregivers reporting high burden had significantly worse HRQoL in the domains ‘bodily pain’ (p<.028) and ‘social functioning’ (p<0.024) of the SF-36. Caregivers who reported that haemophilia had an economic impact on their family and those with a chronic disease showed significant higher impairments in caregiver burden and their HRQoL. Conclusions: The perceived burden of haemophilia has a direct impact on caregivers’ HRQoL. Further studies with haemophilia-specific instruments are needed to verify these findings.

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Caregiver burden among relatives of patients with schizophrenia in Katsina, Nigeria

South African Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v15i2.187 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Abdulkareem Jika Yusuf ◽

Folorunsho Tajudeen Nuhu ◽

Akinsola Akinbiyi

Keyword(s):

Caregiver Burden ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Care Givers ◽

Care Giving ◽

Data Collection Sheet ◽

State Psychiatric ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

High Level ◽

Demographic Data Collection

Objective: Caring for patients’ with schizophrenia leads to an enormous burden on the caregivers. However, the magnitude of this problem remains largely unknown in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the burden of care giving among relatives of patients with schizophrenia.Materials and method: A total of 129 primary care-givers of patients with schizophrenia attending out-patient clinic of Katsina state Psychiatric Hospital were interviewed using a socio-demographic data collection sheet and Zarith Burden Interview (ZBI). Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 13. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 45.07±8.91. Majority of the caregivers are females. High level of burden was found in 47.3% of the respondents. The level of burden experienced was significantly associated with place of residence and family size. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is associated with high level of caregiver burden and effort should be made at alleviating this burden for better out come in both the patients and caregivers.

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