Nutraceutical Interventions for Promoting Healthy Aging in Invertebrate Models

Aging is a complex and inevitable biological process that is associated with numerous chronically debilitating health effects. Development of effective interventions for promoting healthy aging is an active but challenging area of research. Mechanistic studies in various model organisms, noticeably two invertebrates,Caenorhabditis elegansandDrosophila melanogaster, have identified many genes and pathways as well as dietary interventions that modulate lifespan and healthspan. These studies have shed light on some of the mechanisms involved in aging processes and provide valuable guidance for developing efficacious aging interventions. Nutraceuticals made from various plants contain a significant amount of phytochemicals with diverse biological activities. Phytochemicals can modulate many signaling pathways that exert numerous health benefits, such as reducing cancer incidence and inflammation, and promoting healthy aging. In this paper, we outline the current progress in aging intervention studies using nutraceuticals from an evolutionary perspective in invertebrate models.

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Protein Quantity and Source, Fasting-Mimicking Diets, and Longevity

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmz079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. S340-S350 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sebastian Brandhorst ◽

Valter D Longo

Keyword(s):

Protein Intake ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Protein Restriction ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Low Protein ◽

Complementary Role ◽

The Impact ◽

Normal Food ◽

Dietary Modifications

ABSTRACT Dietary modifications, including caloric restriction, dietary restriction, various intervals of fasting, and even limiting the time when food is consumed can have a pronounced impact on longevity. In addition, dietary modifications are powerful interventions to delay, prevent, or treat many aging-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Restricting amino acid and protein intake generally decreases aging-related comorbidities and thereby increases health and longevity. However, chronic dietary interventions are likely not feasible for most people due to low adherence to dietary protocols or resistance to drastic changes to lifestyle, and might even cause detrimental effects, possibly by negatively affecting the immune system and wound healing. The periodic use of low-protein, low-calorie fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) has the potential to promote health benefits, while minimizing the burden of chronic restriction. Protein restriction and FMDs together have the potential to play an important complementary role in medicine by promoting disease prevention and treatment, and by delaying the aging process at least in part by stimulating stem cell–based regeneration in periods of normal food intake after periodic FMD cycles. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize research on the impact of protein restriction on health and longevity in model organisms and to discuss the implementation of an FMD in mice and in human clinical trials and its effects on biomarkers of healthy aging. Taking into account the importance of sex on aging and diet, we include this information in all discussed studies. Whereas for some model organisms of aging, such as rodents, many studies are available, results are more limited for primates and/or humans.

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Longevity: Lesson from Model Organisms

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10070518 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 518 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Giusi Taormina ◽

Federica Ferrante ◽

Salvatore Vieni ◽

Nello Grassi ◽

Antonio Russo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Aging ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Model Systems ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Human Longevity ◽

Short Lifespan ◽

Aging Theories ◽

Aging Mechanisms ◽

Shed Light

Research on longevity and healthy aging promises to increase our lifespan and decrease the burden of degenerative diseases with important social and economic effects. Many aging theories have been proposed, and important aging pathways have been discovered. Model organisms have had a crucial role in this process because of their short lifespan, cheap maintenance, and manipulation possibilities. Yeasts, worms, fruit flies, or mammalian models such as mice, monkeys, and recently, dogs, have helped shed light on aging processes. Genes and molecular mechanisms that were found to be critical in simple eukaryotic cells and species have been confirmed in humans mainly by the functional analysis of mammalian orthologues. Here, we review conserved aging mechanisms discovered in different model systems that are implicated in human longevity as well and that could be the target of anti-aging interventions in human.

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INTERVENTION OF THIRSTY IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF) PATIENTS TO INCREASED ADHERENCE OF FLUID RESTRICTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Nurscope Jurnal Penelitian dan Pemikiran Ilmiah Keperawatan ◽

10.30659/nurscope.3.1.7-18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

DIAN HUDIYAWATI

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Cold Water ◽

Fluid Restriction ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Oral Swab ◽

Hand Search ◽

Effective Interventions

Introduction. Thirst is a common symptom of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Difficulties to adherence with fluid restrictions are among the effects of thirst in HF patients and therefore have an impact on worsening condition, but intervention studies aimed specifically at reducing thirst in CHF are lacking.Purpose. Purpose of this manuscript is to assess the effective intervention to reduce thirst intensity in CHF patients.Methods. Medline, Pubmed, EBSCO and hand search were searched using the key words thirst, intervention, heart failure, CHF, fluis restriction, therapy.Result.� Eighteen articles were found, six studies were inluded. Any kind of interventions in each articles, include: drink cold water 5oC, chewing gum, saliva substitute, sucking ice cubes and three bundle of interventions (oral swab, water sprays and menthol moisturizer).Conclusions. The most effective interventions to alleviate thirst was sucking ice cubes. But, no intervention studies were found in congestive heart failure patients. So investigations in people with heart failure is needed.�Keywords: thirst, intervention, heart failure, systematic review

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Hidden in plain sight: What remains to be discovered in the eukaryotic proteome?

10.1101/469569 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie Wood ◽

Antonia Lock ◽

Midori A. Harris ◽

Kim Rutherford ◽

Jürg Bähler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Ontology ◽

Fission Yeast ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biological Process ◽

Blind Spot ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Health And Disease

AbstractThe first decade of genome sequencing stimulated an explosion in the characterization of unknown proteins. More recently, the pace of functional discovery has slowed, leaving around 20% of the proteins even in well-studied model organisms without informative descriptions of their biological roles. Remarkably, many uncharacterized proteins are conserved from yeasts to human, suggesting that they contribute to fundamental biological processes. To fully understand biological systems in health and disease, we need to account for every part of the system. Unstudied proteins thus represent a collective blind spot that limits the progress of both basic and applied biosciences.We use a simple yet powerful metric based on Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms to define characterized and uncharacterized proteins for human, budding yeast, and fission yeast. We then identify a set of conserved but unstudied proteins in S. pombe, and classify them based on a combination of orthogonal attributes determined by large-scale experimental and comparative methods. Finally, we explore possible reasons why these proteins remain neglected, and propose courses of action to raise their profile and thereby reap the benefits of completing the catalog of proteins’ biological roles.

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Longevity strategies in response to light in the reef coral Stylophora pistillata

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76925-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre Ottaviani ◽

Rita Eid ◽

Didier Zoccola ◽

Mélanie Pousse ◽

Jean-Marc Dubal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Aging ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Reef Coral ◽

Biological Response ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Stylophora Pistillata ◽

Reef Corals ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Age Related

AbstractAging is a multifactorial process that results in progressive loss of regenerative capacity and tissue function while simultaneously favoring the development of a large array of age-related diseases. Evidence suggests that the accumulation of senescent cells in tissue promotes both normal and pathological aging. Oxic stress is a key driver of cellular senescence. Because symbiotic long-lived reef corals experience daily hyperoxic and hypoxic transitions, we hypothesized that these long-lived animals have developed specific longevity strategies in response to light. We analyzed transcriptome variation in the reef coral Stylophora pistillata during the day–night cycle and revealed a signature of the FoxO longevity pathway. We confirmed this pathway by immunofluorescence using antibodies against coral FoxO to demonstrate its nuclear translocation. Through qPCR analysis of nycthemeral variations of candidate genes under different light regimens, we found that, among genes that were specifically up- or downregulated upon exposure to light, human orthologs of two “light-up” genes (HEY1 and LONF3) exhibited anti-senescence properties in primary human fibroblasts. Therefore, these genes are interesting candidates for counteracting skin aging. We propose a large screen for other light-up genes and an investigation of the biological response of reef corals to light (e.g., metabolic switching) to elucidate these processes and identify effective interventions for promoting healthy aging in humans.

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The “Virtual Digital Twins” Concept in Precision Nutrition

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmaa089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1405-1413 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kalliopi Gkouskou ◽

Ioannis Vlastos ◽

Petros Karkalousos ◽

Dimitrios Chaniotis ◽

Despina Sanoudou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Information ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Health Data ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

The Core ◽

Nutritional Guidelines ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Digital Twins ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Nutritional and lifestyle changes remain at the core of healthy aging and disease prevention. Accumulating evidence underscores the impact of genetic, metabolic, and host gut microbial factors on individual responses to nutrients, paving the way for the stratification of nutritional guidelines. However, technological advances that incorporate biological, nutritional, lifestyle, and health data at an unprecedented scale and depth conceptualize a future where preventative dietary interventions will exceed stratification and will be highly individualized. We herein discuss how genetic information combined with longitudinal metabolomic, immune, behavioral, and gut microbial parameters, and bioclinical variables could define a digital replica of oneself, a “virtual digital twin,” which could serve to guide nutrition in a personalized manner. Such a model may revolutionize the management of obesity and its comorbidities, and provide a pillar for healthy aging.

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From genomes to function: haloarchaea as model organisms

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.28504-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 152 (3) ◽

pp. 585-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Jörg Soppa

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Biological Process ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

High Salt ◽

Halobacterium Salinarum ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Model Species ◽

Chromosomal Genes ◽

Biological Methods

Haloarchaea are adapted to high-salt environments and accumulate equally high salt concentrations in the cytoplasm. The genomes of representatives of six haloarchaeal genera have been fully or partially sequenced, allowing the analysis of haloarchaeal properties in silico. Transcriptome and proteome analyses have been established for Halobacterium salinarum and Haloferax volcanii. Genetic systems are available including methods that allow the fast in-frame deletion or modification of chromosomal genes. The high-efficiency transformation system of Hf. volcanii allows the isolation of genes essential for a biological process by complementation of loss-of-function mutants. For the analysis of haloarchaeal biology many molecular genetic, biochemical, structural and cell biological methods have been adapted to application at high salt concentrations. Recently it has become clear that several different mechanisms allow the adaptation of proteins to the high salt concentration of the cytoplasm. Taken together, the wealth of techniques available make haloarchaea excellent archaeal model species.

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Reconstructing the invasion route of DNA transposons using extant population samples

10.1101/729889 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lukas Weilguny ◽

Christos Vlachos ◽

Divya Selvaraju ◽

Robert Kofler

Keyword(s):

P Element ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Migration Patterns ◽

Dna Transposons ◽

Time Points ◽

Wide Range ◽

Invasion Routes ◽

Geographic Regions ◽

Extant Population ◽

Shed Light

AbstractReconstructing invasion routes of transposable elements (TEs), so far, required capturing an ongoing invasion with population samples from different geographic regions and time points. Here, we propose a more accessible approach. Abundantly occurring internal deletions of DNA transposons allow to trace the direction as well as the path of an invasion, even hundreds of generations after the spread of a TE. We validated this hypothesis with computer simulations and by accurately reproducing the route of the P-element invasion in Drosophila melanogaster. Finally, we used our method to shed light on the controversial hobo invasion in D. melanogaster. Our approach solely requires sequenced samples from extant populations and sequences of TEs of interest. Hence, DNA transposons in a wide range of model and non-model organisms may be analyzed. Our approach will further our understanding of TE dynamics, migration patterns, and the ecology of species.

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Studies on Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Properties of Rosemary: A Review

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i12.2708-2715.3948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2708-2715

Author(s):

İbrahim Ertan Erkan ◽

Özlem Aras Aşcı

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Future Research ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Comprehensive Information ◽

Main Components ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Shed Light

Rosemary has played an important role from past to present and has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. With these features, it is used in many sectors, especially food and pharmacy. Rosemary essential oils have a positive effect on biological activity. In addition, this oil prevents lipid oxidation on foods, providing a long and fresh shelf life. Due to the high antioxidant properties of rosemary, it eliminates the harmful effect of reactive oxygen species. Since the main components of rosemary such as 1,8-cineol, camphor, α-pinene, carnosic acid, and carnosol are being antimicrobial and antifungal, it is effective against many pathogens. With this review, it is aimed to provide comprehensive information on the biological activities of rosemary and its extracts to shed light on future research.

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The landscape of longevity across phylogeny

10.1101/2020.03.17.995993 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dmitriy I. Podolskiy ◽

Andrei Avanesov ◽

Alexander Tyshkovskiy ◽

Emily Porter ◽

Michael Petrascheck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fiber Bundle ◽

Distribution Functions ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Pharmacological Interventions ◽

Survival Curves ◽

Distinct Structure ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Lifespan Distribution ◽

Dependent Mortality

AbstractLifespan of model organisms can be extended by genetic, dietary and pharmacological interventions, but these effects may be negated by other factors. To understand robustness of longevity interventions within and across species, we analyzed age-dependent mortality of yeast, fruit flies, nematodes and mice subjected to thousands of genetic, pharmacological or dietary interventions, and applied the principles learned to other organisms. Across phylogeny, the accessible space of lifespan distribution functions, the “landscape of longevity”, has a distinct structure of a fiber bundle, with individual fibers given by Strehler-Mildvan degeneracy manifolds. Within species, most interventions perturb parameters of survival curves along particular degeneracy manifolds. Transitions across manifolds are difficult to achieve, but they may lead to robust lifespan-modulating effects. Analyses of intraspecific degeneracy manifolds revealed soft bounds on achievable longevity. For humans, this bound is ∼138 years.

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