scholarly journals Rapid Molecular Detection Methods for Arboviruses of Livestock of Importance to Northern Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Johnson ◽  
Katja Voller ◽  
L. Paul Phipps ◽  
Karen Mansfield ◽  
Anthony R. Fooks
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
The Past

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have been responsible for some of the most explosive epidemics of emerging infectious diseases over the past decade. Their impact on both human and livestock populations has been dramatic. The early detection either through surveillance or diagnosis of virus will be a critical feature in responding and resolving the emergence of such epidemics in the future. Although some of the most important emerging arboviruses are human pathogens, this paper aims to highlight those diseases that primarily affect livestock, although many are zoonotic and some occasionally cause human mortality. This paper also highlights the molecular detection methods specific to each virus and identifies those emerging diseases for which a rapid detection methods are not yet developed.

Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2018-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. RODRÍGUEZ-PRIETO ◽  
M. VICENTE-RUBIANO ◽  
A. SÁNCHEZ-MATAMOROS ◽  
C. RUBIO-GUERRI ◽  
M. MELERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Globalized World

SUMMARYIn this globalized world, the spread of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases has become one of the most important threats to animal production and public health. This systematic review analyses conventional and novel early detection methods applied to surveillance. In all, 125 scientific documents were considered for this study. Exotic (n = 49) and re-emerging (n = 27) diseases constituted the most frequently represented health threats. In addition, the majority of studies were related to zoonoses (n = 66). The approaches found in the review could be divided in surveillance modalities, both active (n = 23) and passive (n = 5); and tools and methodologies that support surveillance activities (n = 57). Combinations of surveillance modalities and tools (n = 40) were also found. Risk-based approaches were very common (n = 60), especially in the papers describing tools and methodologies (n = 50). The main applications, benefits and limitations of each approach were extracted from the papers. This information will be very useful for informing the development of tools to facilitate the design of cost-effective surveillance strategies. Thus, the current literature review provides key information about the advantages, disadvantages, limitations and potential application of methodologies for the early detection of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases.

Rapid Detection of Listeria in Ice Cream in 13 Hours Using the Roka Listeria Detection Assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1806-1812
Author(s):  
Elba Veronica Arias-Rios ◽  
Kristina Tenney ◽  
Tam Mai ◽  
Sam Anderson ◽  
Ruth Marie Cantera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
New Media ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Media Formulation ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Abstract Background: Listeria contamination is a major concern in the ice cream industry; therefore, early and accurate detection is vital. Current detection methods require about a 24 h enrichment period for detection. Objective: Enhance the early detection of Listeria in ice cream using the highly sensitive isothermal ribosomal RNA-based Roka/Atlas Listeria Detection Assay. Methods: The R2 Medium was developed for Listeria enrichment by Molecular Epidemiology, Inc. (Seattle, WA). Comparative growth curve studies were performed on the new R2 Medium for Listeria and the currently validated media for the Roka Listeria Detection Assay. Subsequently, a method comparison between the Roka Listeria Detection Assay and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Chapter 10 reference method on ice cream was carried out. Results: The R2 Medium supports the growth of L. monocytogenes better than Buffered Listeria Enrichment Broth, Demi-Fraser broth, and Modified University of Vermont Broth, as indicated by the faster growth rate of the organism. When used as an enrichment medium in a method comparison study of ice cream, the results showed that R2 Medium–enriched samples tested with the Roka Listeria Detection Assay gave an equivalent performance compared with the 24 h FDA-BAM reference method at 10 and 18 h post-enrichment for Listeria. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that the new R2 Medium and the highly sensitive Roka Listeria Detection Assay allowed for the rapid detection of Listeria species in ice cream in 13 h. Highlights: The Roka Listeria Detection Assay, in conjunction with a new media formulation (R2 Medium), allowed for the early detection of Listeria in ice cream and may be applied in other food matrixes and environmental samples.

scholarly journals Patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention filed by Chinese applicants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Hong Xiong ◽  
Xue-Nian Xu ◽  
Bin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Antiparasitic Agents

Abstract Background Many valuable and productive patented technologies have been developed to control schistosomiasis in China in the past 70 years. We conducted a research to analyse patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention filed by Chinese applicants for determining the future patent layout. Methods The patent databases of China National Intellectual Property Administration and Baiten were comprehensively searched, and patented technologies for schistosomiasis control and prevention, published between January 1950 and December 2020 filed by Chinese applicants were sorted on 30 December 2020. The patent types, technical fields, and patent development trends were analysed using patent indexing. Results There are 184 valid schistosomiasis control technology patents, among them 128 invention patents. The patents related to schistosomiasis control and prevention technology have gone through the germination, growth, and maturity stages. These phases correspond with three phases in schistosomiasis control in China. The main technical aspects were fundamental research (n = 37), detection (n = 13), chemotherapy (n = 61), and armamentarium/devices (n = 73), of which the number of patents for detection for diagnosis was smaller. The top three specialised technical fields for patents subgroups, focusing on antiparasitic agents, DNA or RNA, vectors and medicines, of which schistosomicides are the major dominant subgroup. Conclusions We recommend that technologies to be patented for schistosomiasis control and prevention be focused on detection, preliminary studies for molecular detection methods should be significantly enhanced, and patent layout must be performed, which will, in turn, promote accuracy of early diagnosis, not only in humans but also in livestock. It is necessary to develop more anti-schistosomal drugs safely and effectively, exceptionally eco-friendly molluscicides and herbal extracts anti-schistosomes, improve treatment, develop vaccines for use in humans. Graphic abstract

Early detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. using zinc tetraphenylporphyrin

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sharma ◽  
S Kumar ◽  
S Handa ◽  
S K Pandey ◽  
A P Bhondekar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Tetraphenyl Porphyrin

Abstract The sensory characteristics of food are considerably effected by the metabolic processes of various micro-organisms in the food stored in the field or at ambient temperature. Also, this microbial contamination can pose serious health hazards to public health. Chemical analysis of the complex mixture of volatiles produced during bacterial growth and investigation methods of these microorganisms presents a big challenge. There remains major unmet need to shorten and improve detection methods. Therefore, early detection of the microorganisms will open many frontiers for quality control in the foodstuffs industry. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and performance of chemoreceptive sensors for the rapid detection of bacterial pathogens, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In Uv/vis study, zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin solutions (in DMF) was tested with various volatile compounds, such as propanal, hexanal and heptanal which are commonly found to be released during the growth of bacteria. These sensors were used to detect the bacterial odours of two pathogenic species (E.coli and P.aeruginosa) during their growth cycle at 4 °C and ambient temperature. Hypochromic shifts in Uv/vis and hydrogen bonding in FT-IR studies confirmed the interaction between the volatiles and porphyrin. The porphyrin used detected the presence of microorganisms after 12 hrs incubation and showed more sensitivity for volatiles released during aerobic activity P. aeruginosa as compared to E. coli at 4 °C and ambient temperature. Zinc tetraphenyl porphyrin based chemoreceptive membranes has been proved successful for the detection of P. aeruginosa. Hence, the present study proves wide scope of improvement over current laboratory techniques for the detection of pathogens in terms of speed, ease of use, and cost. Key messages The developed technique allows rapid detection of spoiled food. Chemoreceptive property of porphyrin has been exploited for the early detection of bacteria.

scholarly journals Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases: Novel Challenges in Today’s World or More of the Same?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
João R. Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Human Environment

More than 61% of all human pathogens are zoonotic, representing 75% of all emerging pathogens during the past decade. Albeit significant technological leaps in diagnostics development and disease surveillance, zoonotic emerging infectious diseases are evermore a matter of concern, particularly in modern days where global warming keeps providing ideal climatic conditions to the introduction of exotic infectious agents or disease vectors in new territories. Worryingly, the 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic acts as an extreme reminder of the role animal reservoirs play in public health, accounting for over 4,200,000 deaths worldwide until today. In this Special Issue, we approach a myriad of zoonotic infectious diseases and their complex mechanisms. This Special Issue is composed of three reviews on zoonotic diseases of African Lions, hemogregarine classification, and hepatitis E virus in Brazil, followed by one letter and one opinion piece that broadens the spectrum of disease emergence to mechanistic aspects of emerging non-communicable diseases. The Special Issue is completed by six research papers covering a wide array of emerging and re-emerging diseases of poultry, bovine, poultry and tortoises, of various nature such as parasitic, bacterial, and viral. This is a brief but assertive collection that showcases the need to address health at the animal–human–environment interface, in a One Health perspective.

scholarly journals New problems in dendropathology – new and invasive pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Rein Drenkhan ◽  
Kalev Adamson ◽  
Tiia Drenkhan ◽  
Ahto Agan ◽  
Marili Laas
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Molecular Monitoring ◽  
Invasive Pathogens ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
Survey Strategy

AbstractDuring the last decades, several new and invasive tree pathogens have arrived in the northern Europe, damaging forest and verdant trees. New and invasive species (e.g.Lecanosticta acicola,Dothistroma septosporum, Diplodia sapinea,Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) are considered to cause economic loss and be an important threat to biodiversity. Once the alien species have entered into ecosystem, then it is very difficult to eliminate them. Therefore, it is important to discover new and invasive pathogens from forests and from imported plant material as early as possible. For that reason, the research team of Estonian forest pathologists has worked out a survey strategy with permanent plots across Estonia – for early detection of new pathogens, which essentially includes molecular monitoring of pathogens. An important task in developing of early detection methods for new and invasive pathogens is working out of quick detection methods by creating original PCR primers. Crucial is also the analyses of pathogens biology, of their spreading and finding of all their potential hosts in new for them environment in northern Europe. In cooperation studies with our foreign partners, the Estonian forest pathologists have analysed populations ofD. septosporum,L. acicolaandH. fraxineus. The population genetic methods give data about the pathogens diversity, vitality and betray potential pathways of them to northern Europe. This information serves for building up the control strategy and helps to find and test resistant tree species progenies. Early detection, molecular monitoring and pathways detection of new and invasive pathogens are currently the most important research tasks of the forest pathology team working in Estonian University of Life Sciences.

Understanding of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases (EID and REID)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-380
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Okabe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
And Control

Infectious diseases are no longer fatal enabling many people to live without anxiety. However, provision to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EID/REID) are new global issues and every country has been requested to strengthen core capacity for infectious disease early detection and control. In this issue, background and concept of EID/REID, and Japanese efforts including introduction of Infectious Disease Control Law and surveillance system were described.

Automated Detection of Pin Defects on Counterfeit Microelectronics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallabi Ghosh ◽  
Domenic Forte ◽  
Damon L. Woodard ◽  
Rajat Subhra Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Depth Map ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skilled Subject

Abstract Counterfeit electronics constitute a fast-growing threat to global supply chains as well as national security. With rapid globalization, the supply chain is growing more and more complex with components coming from a diverse set of suppliers. Counterfeiters are taking advantage of this complexity and replacing original parts with fake ones. Moreover, counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) may contain circuit modifications that cause security breaches. Out of all types of counterfeit ICs, recycled and remarked ICs are the most common. Over the past few years, a plethora of counterfeit IC detection methods have been created; however, most of these methods are manual and require highly-skilled subject matter experts (SME). In this paper, an automated bent and corroded pin detection methodology using image processing is proposed to identify recycled ICs. Here, depth map of images acquired using an optical microscope are used to detect bent pins, and segmented side view pin images are used to detect corroded pins.

Development of an antigen-ELISA and a colloidal gold–based immunochromatographic strip based on monoclonal antibodies for detection of avian influenza A(H5) viruses

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110275
Author(s):  
Yixin Xiao ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Fumin Liu ◽  
Linfang Cheng ◽  
Hangping Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Antigen Elisa

Avian influenza A(H5) viruses (avian IAVs) pose a major threat to the economy and public health. We developed an antigen-ELISA (ag-ELISA) and a colloidal gold–based immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of avian A(H5) viruses. Both detection methods displayed no cross-reactivity with other viruses (e.g., other avian IAVs, infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, avian paramyxovirus). The ag-ELISA was sensitive down to 0.5 hemagglutinin (HA) units/100 µL of avian A(H5) viruses and 7.5 ng/mL of purified H5 HA proteins. The immunochromatographic strip was sensitive down to 1 HA unit/100 µL of avian A(H5) viruses. Both detection methods exhibited good reproducibility with CVs < 10%. For 200 random poultry samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the ag-ELISA were 92.6% and 98.8%, respectively, and for test strips were 88.9% and 98.3%, respectively. Both detection methods displayed high specificity, sensitivity, and stability, making them suitable for rapid detection and field investigation of avian A(H5) viruses.

scholarly journals Early Detection Methods for Silicosis in Australia and Internationally: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8123
Author(s):  
Emma K. Austin ◽  
Carole James ◽  
John Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Occupational Lung Disease ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Future Work

Pneumoconiosis, or occupational lung disease, is one of the world’s most prevalent work-related diseases. Silicosis, a type of pneumoconiosis, is caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Although silicosis can be fatal, it is completely preventable. Hundreds of thousands of workers globally are at risk of being exposed to RCS at the workplace from various activities in many industries. Currently, in Australia and internationally, there are a range of methods used for the respiratory surveillance of workers exposed to RCS. These methods include health and exposure questionnaires, spirometry, chest X-rays, and HRCT. However, these methods predominantly do not detect the disease until it has significantly progressed. For this reason, there is a growing body of research investigating early detection methods for silicosis, particularly biomarkers. This literature review summarises the research to date on early detection methods for silicosis and makes recommendations for future work in this area. Findings from this review conclude that there is a critical need for an early detection method for silicosis, however, further laboratory- and field-based research is required.

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