scholarly journals Isolation and Partial Characterization of Bioactive Fucoxanthin fromHimanthalia elongataBrown Seaweed: A TLC-Based Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Rajauria ◽  
Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
Keyword(s):  
Active Compound ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Seaweeds are important sources of carotenoids, and numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of these pigments on human health. In the present study,Himanthalia elongatabrown seaweed was extracted with a mixture of low polarity solvents, and the crude extract was separated using analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The separated compounds were tested for their potential antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity againstListeria monocytogenesbacteria using TLC bioautography approach. For bio-autography, the coloured band on TLC chromatogram was visualized after spraying with DPPH and triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride reagents which screen antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, respectively, and only one active compound was screened on the TLC plate. Preliminary identification of this active compound was done by comparing its colour andRf(retention factor) value with the authentic fucoxanthin standard. Further, the active compound was purified using preparative TLC. This purified compound showed a strong antioxidant (EC50:14.8±1.27 µg/mL) and antimicrobial (inhibition zone: 10.27 mm, 25 µg compound/disc) activities, which were examined by DPPH scavenging and agar disc-diffusion bioassay, respectively. The bioactivity shown by the purified compound was almost similar to the fucoxanthin standard. The characteristic UV-visible and FT-IR spectra of the purified active compound completely matched with the standard. Hence, the main active compound inH. elongatawas identified as fucoxanthin.

Serial Extraction Technique of Rich Antibacterial Compounds in Sargassum cristaefolium Using Different Solvents and Testing their Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Susilo ◽  
Abd. Rohim ◽  
Midia Lestari W. H.
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Cinnamic Aldehyde ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Background: S. cristaefolium is the brown seaweed extracted using the serial technique with different solvents. Methods: S. cristaefolium powder (50 mesh) was extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol respectively. The S. cristaefolium powder residue had been dried before being re-extracted with the next different solvents. Three serial extracts were obtained and named as the 1-stage extract, 2-stage extract, and 3-stage extract. Besides, a single-step extract (extraction using only methanol) was also produced to compare with three serial extracts in antibacterial activity tests (against E. coli and S. aureus). The three serial extracts were detected their antibacterial compounds using GC-MS, LC-HRMS, and FT-IR. Results: The 3-stage extract had the highest extraction yield. On S. aureus, the inhibition zone in all extracts was not significantly different. On E.coli, the highest inhibition zone (5.42±0.14 mm) was the 3-stage extract, indeed it is higher than both antibiotic and a single-step extract. Phenol, 9-Tricosene(Z)-, palmitic acid, and oleamide were contained in all extracts. Other antibacterial compound types, both the 1-stage and 2-stage extracts contained 8 types whilst the 3-stage extract contained the most types (12 types). Particularly, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and betaine were detected only in the 3-stage extract with the dominant area. The carboxylic acid groups were detected in all extracts to confirm the fatty acid structure. Several cinnamic aldehyde groups were detected only in the 3-stage extract. Conclusions: Thus, the extraction technique serially could produce the 3-stage extract which has the strongest antibacterial activity and the richest antibacterial compounds.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of lupeol from the bark of Dehaasia cuneate (Lauraceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Andi Rifki Rosandy ◽  
◽  
Sumail Sidik Ode Ishak ◽  
Noor Aziiraa Sabri ◽  
Wan Yaacob Wan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vibrio Fluvialis ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Isolated Compound

Dehaasia is a member Lauraceae. It is locally known as ‘gajus hutan’ or ‘pekan’. A triterpenoid, lupeol was isolated from the bark of Dehaasia cuneate. The structure of the isolated compound was determined using spectroscopic methods, such as UV–vis, FT-IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and mass spectrometer. The isolated compound was tested against Gram-negative and positive bacteria using agar disc diffusion technique. The results showed that lupeol had a moderate inhibition zone value of 10.0±0.00 mm against Gram-negative Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 whereas low inhibition which is 7.0±0.00 mm against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Vibrio fluvialis ATCC 33809, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300.

Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant assay of Bhut Jolokia pepper

2021 ◽  
pp. 3775-3778
Author(s):  
Dharani Dharan ◽  
K. Venkatesh ◽  
S.S. Meenambiga ◽  
Dhivya Dhanasekar ◽  
P. Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Assay ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Bhut Jolokia ◽  
Antimicrobial Assay

The presented work represents phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant assay and Antimicrobial activity of Bhut jolokia pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq) extracted by ethanol as solvent. The ethanolic extract of Bhut jolokia pepper showed the presence of terpenoids, steroids, saponins and flavonoids. Antimicrobial assay was done with varying concentration (250-1000µg/ml) of pepper extract using tetracycline as control by well diffusion method, the extract at 750µg/ml shown best inhibition zone and Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest zone of inhibition at all concentration compared to other bacteria species with maximum zone of inhibition of 27mm. The DPPH scavenging assay for antioxidant activity at 517nm showed positive activity for scavenging, scavenging increased with the concentration of extract. Thus, Bhut jolokia could be effective in treating diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus from antimicrobial assay result.

Comprehensive GC-MS and FT-IR Profiling of Coleus zeylanicus essential oil and investigation of its anti-fungal and anti - oxidant activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 636-642
Author(s):  
Lakshmi M ◽  
Nandagopal S
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Malassezia Furfur ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Assay ◽  
Anti Fungal

To evaluate the leaf volatile constituents of essential oil of Coleus zeylanicus and evaluate their anti-oxidant and anti-fungal activity. The Chemical composition of Coleus zeylanicus essential oil was determined using GC-MS and FT-IR analytical techniques. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH scavenging assay. The anti-fungal effect was tested against two potential pathogenic fungal strains - Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur using agar well diffusion method. The essential oil was profiled by the presence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 90.67% of their total composition followed by oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons as 5.3% and 2.1% respectively. The GC-MS results showed 14 compounds from Coleus zeylanicus leaf EO representing 98.07% of the total oil composition. The major component was identified as a-Gurjunene (35.94%), a-bisabolol (10.82%) and G-selinene (4.26%). EO showed remarkable antioxidant activity values of IC50 = 59.78± 3.21µg/ml by DPPH scavenging assay. The essential oil showed interesting anti-fungal effects against two pathogenic fungal strains. The most sensible strains to Coleus zeylanicus EO was Malassezia furfur (32.00±0.50mm) compared to that of Candida albicans (15.00±1.25mm). Hence, Coleus zeylanicus EO has potential application against fungal infection and oxidative stress-related diseases. However, further investigations are necessary to isolate and investigate the action mechanism of these bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Oxygenated Acyclic Diterpenes with Anticancer Activity from the Irish Brown Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Vangelis Smyrniotopoulos ◽  
Christian Merten ◽  
Daria Firsova ◽  
Howard Fearnhead ◽  
Deniz Tasdemir
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Bifurcaria Bifurcata ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Ft Ir

Brown alga Bifurcaria bifurcata is a prolific source of bioactive acyclic (linear) diterpenes with high structural diversity. In the continuation of our investigations on Irish brown algae, we undertook an in-depth chemical study on the n-hexanes and chloroform subextracts of B. bifurcata that led to isolation of six new (1–6) and two known (7–8) acyclic diterpenes. Chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, FT-IR, [α]D and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy. Compounds 1–8, as well as three additional linear diterpenes (9–11), which we isolated from the same seaweed before, were tested against the human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Several compounds moderately inhibited the growth of the MDA-MB-231 cell line with IC50 values ranging from 11.6 to 32.0 μg/mL. The present study carried out on the lipophilic extracts of the Irish B. bifurcata shows the enormous capacity of this seaweed to produce a large palette of acyclic diterpenes with diverse oxygenation and substitution patterns and promising bioactivities.

scholarly journals Preliminary Antimicrobial Profile of Solanum incanum L.: A Common Medicinal Plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desta Berhe Sbhatu ◽  
Haftom Baraki Abraha
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solanum Incanum ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Medicinal plants and plant remedies have been in use in Ethiopia for centuries. Studies on ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, and ethnoveterinary estimate that nearly 80% of Ethiopians use some type of medicinal plants and plant remedies. Medicinal plants are regarded as the most important and sometimes the only source of therapeutics in the country. Some 800 plant species are used as sources of medicine to treat about 300 physical and mental disorders. However, because these plant species are not adequately studied, there is a big limitation in their documentation, profiling, and management. Moreover, there is a continuous loss of knowledge about medicinal plants because the communities and people are adopting new lifestyles. Hence, this article reports the finding of a study aimed at providing the gross phytochemical characteristics and antimicrobial activities of ethanol and aqueous extracts of fruit, leaf, and stem of Solanum incanum L. against two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria for developing gross antimicrobial profile of the plant. Phytochemical screening of fruit, leaf, and stem extracts of S. incanum has shown that it is the source of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. According to agar disc-diffusion tests, 100 mg/mL extracts of the plant produced bacterial growth inhibition zones of 0.00 to 16.06 mm. Ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts produced inhibition zones ranging from 11.34 to 16.06 mm against all bacterial species. The greatest inhibition zone of 16.06 mm was recorded in E. coli subjected to ethanol leaf extract. The same extract resulted in a growth inhibition zone of 16.04 mm in S. aureus. The greatest growth inhibition zones in B. subtilis (13.34 mm) and S. typhi (11.56 mm) were observed with ethanol leaf and fruit extracts, respectively. Aqueous leaf extracts produced growth inhibition zones ranging from 10.45 mm (for S. typhi) to 14.02 mm (for E. coli). Ethanol leaf extracts resulted in the lowest Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of 1.56 mg/mL in E. coli and S. aureus. Therefore, fruits, leaves, and stems of S. incanum can be regarded as good sources of some bioactive compounds. The findings are important for taking measures for conservation and sustainable use of the plant as well as for further elucidation of its phytochemistry and antimicrobial efficacy of its constituents.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi Against Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol , C8H9ClO) Antiseptic and Pine Oil Disinfectant

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Subagiyo Subagiyo ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Nuril Azhar ◽  
Rabia Alghazeer
Keyword(s):  
Active Compound ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Shrimp Pond ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Vibrio spp. genus is known as a marine indigeneous bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and  V. harveyi are pathogenic Vibrio. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of three Vibrio species (V parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi) isolated from shrimp pond against two type of disinfectant with different active compound namely Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, C8H9ClO) and pine oil. The assessment was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods in Zobell agar media with two different concentration (10 and 100 ppm) and replicated in three times. Sensitivity of Vibrio spp. was analized based on the inhibition zone activity produced by disinfectant. Results showed that sensitivity of Vibrio spp. against disinfectant Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm were higher than 10 ppm. The increment of V parahaemolyticus was 182 %, V. vulnificus was 47 % and V. harveyi was 43 %, respectively.  Susceptibility of antiseptic with Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm was arised to 152 % (V. parahaemolyticus), 43 % (V. vulnificus) and 31 % (V. harveyi) when compared to 2.5% pine oil disinfectant. It can be concluded that Chloroxylenol  4,8 % active compound and pine oil were able to inhibit the Vibrio spp. growth. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical and DPPH� Cleaning Activity of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharide from Leonurus japonicus

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-614
Author(s):  
Mingjun Yang ◽  
Avwenagbiku O Mercy ◽  
Nehikhare Efehi ◽  
Mussifulina Venera ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Power

Leonurus japonicus is rich in bioactive compounds especially polysaccharide. Single factors test and response surface methodology were used to study the optimum conditions for ultrasonic - assisted extraction of polysaccharide from L. japonicus, and its physiochemical and DPPH scavenging activities also were evaluated. The optimal conditions as underpinned by this paper is as follow: extraction temperature of 70 �C, extraction time of 50 min and extraction power of 210W. The polysaccharide of L. japonicus was shown to be a non-reducing sugar and to exhibit DPPH scavenging activity to an extent. The polysaccharide structures were studied using SEM, AFM, and FT-IR. It showed L. japonicus polysaccharide had been having more than one chains which were branched and entangled with each other. and existed a broad band wavelength of 2925.64, 1635.06, 1539.7, 1046.73, and 477.86 cm-1. The study indicated that L. japonicus may have a beneficial use to the medical and food industries.

scholarly journals UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK RUMPUT LAUT GRACILARIA SP TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Torar S. S. Toy ◽  
Benedictus S. Lampus ◽  
Bernat S. P. Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Rotary Evaporator ◽  
Study Results

Abstract: Infection usually caused by microorganism such as bacterial. One example of infection is abscess which caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterial in mouth. Seaweed is a part of sea plants. Nowadays, seaweed has been used as material of agar-agar, alginate, and even medicine. Indonesia has good potential to develop and use its richness at the sea. One of species that has been cultivated is Gracilaria verrucosa or known with local name “bulung rambu” (Bali) or “sango-sango” (Sulawesi). The characteristics of Gracilaria verrucosa is thallus silindris, slick, and has yellowish-brown or yellowish-green. Green, red, or brown seaweed is a potential source of bioactive compound that useful for pharmacy industry improvement like antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal, and cytostatic. This study purpose was to find out if seaweed extract (Gracilaria sp.) can inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This study was an experimental laboratory with true experimental design and posttest only control design. study subject are seaweed extract Gracilaria sp. that dissolved with 95% ethanol which evaporated in oven. Inhibition zone of Gracilaria sp. extract evaporated in the oven at each repeated were 2.5mm, 3.5mm, 3mm. Inhibition zone created from Gracilaria sp. extract that evaporated with vacuum rotary evaporator in each repeated were 2mm, 2mm, and 2.5mm. Study results showed that seaweed extract (Gracilaria sp.) didn’t have exhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.Keywords: inhibition test, seaweed (gracilaria sp), staphylococcus aureus.Abstrak: Penyakit infeksi yang biasanya disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme yaitu bakteri. Salah satu contoh penyakit infeksi tersebut yaitu abses yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus adalah patogen utama dalam rongga mulut. Rumput laut merupakan bagian dari tumbuhan laut perairan. Saat ini rumput laut telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku industri agar-agar, dan alginat bahkan obat-obatan. Indonesia mempunyai potensi yang baik untuk mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan kekayaan lautnya. Salah satu jenis yang sudah banyak dibudidayakan adalah Gracilaria verrucosa atau dikenal dengan nama daerah bulung rambu (bali) atau sango-sango (sulawesi). Ciri-ciri dari Gracilaria verrucosa, yaitu thallus silindris, licin, dan berwarna kuning-coklat atau kuning-hijau.Rumput laut hijau, merah ataupun coklat merupakan sumber potensial senyawa bioaktif yang sangat bermanfaat bagi pengembangan industri farmasi seperti sebagai antibakteri, antivirus, antijamur dan sitotastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak rumput laut (Gracilaria sp.) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium, menggunakan rancangan eksperimental murni (true experimental design) dengan rancangan penelitian posttest only control design. Subjek dari penelitian ini ialah ekstrak rumput laut Gracilaria sp. yang dilarutkan dengan etanol 95% yang dievaporasi menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator dan dipanaskan dalam oven. zona hambat dari ekstrak Gracilaria sp. yang dievaporasi dengan oven pada masing-masing pengulangan ialah 2,5 mm, 3,5 mm, 3 mm. Demikian juga zona hambat yang terbentuk dari ekstrak Gracilaria sp. yang dievaporasi dengan vacuum rotary evaporator pada masing-masing pengulangan ialah 2 mm, 2 mm, dan 2,5 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rumput laut (Gracilaria sp.) tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Kata kunci: uji daya hambat, rumput laut (gracilaria sp.), staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Novel Delivery Systems of Polyphenols and Their Potential Health Benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Bianca Enaru ◽  
Sonia Socaci ◽  
Anca Farcas ◽  
Carmen Socaciu ◽  
Corina Danciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Novel Delivery Systems

Liposome-based delivery systems have been studied and used more frequently in recent years due to their advantages, such as low toxicity, specificity, and the ability to protect the encapsulated substance from environmental factors, which could otherwise degrade the active compound and reduce its effectiveness. Given these benefits, many researchers have encapsulated polyphenols in liposomes, thus increasing their bioavailability and stability. Similarly, polyphenols encapsulated in liposomes are known to produce more substantial effects on targeted cells than unencapsulated polyphenols, while having minimal cytotoxicity in healthy cells. Although polyphenols play a role in preventing many types of disease and generally have beneficial effects on health, we solely focused on their chemopreventive effects on cancer through liposomes in this review. Our goal was to summarize the applicability and efficacy of liposomes encapsulated with different classes of polyphenols on several types of cancer, thus opening the opportunity for future studies based on these drug delivery systems.

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