scholarly journals Titanium Oxide: A Bioactive Factor in Osteoblast Differentiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Santiago-Medina ◽  
P. A. Sundaram ◽  
N. Diffoot-Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Dental Applications

Titanium and titanium alloys are currently accepted as the gold standard in dental applications. Their excellent biocompatibility has been attributed to the inert titanium surface through the formation of a thin native oxide which has been correlated to the excellent corrosion resistance of this material in body fluids. Whether this titanium oxide layer is essential to the outstanding biocompatibility of titanium surfaces in orthopedic biomaterial applications is still a moot point. To study this critical aspect further, human fetal osteoblasts were cultured on thermally oxidized and microarc oxidized (MAO) surfaces and cell differentiation, a key indicator in bone tissue growth, was quantified by measuring the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using a commercial assay kit. Cell attachment was similar on all the oxidized surfaces although ALP expression was highest on the oxidized titanium alloy surfaces. Untreated titanium alloy surfaces showed a distinctly lower degree of ALP activity. This indicates that titanium oxide clearly upregulates ALP expression in human fetal osteoblasts and may be a key bioactive factor that causes the excellent biocompatibility of titanium alloys. This result may make it imperative to incorporate titanium oxide in all hard tissue applications involving titanium and other alloys.

Damage generated by MeV-ion Beams on Titanium Surface in Oxidizing Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Long Do ◽  
Nicolas Bérerd ◽  
Nathalie Moncoffre ◽  
Dominique Gorse-Pomonti
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Film ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Present System ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Argon Ions

ABSTRACTThe study of the irradiation effects on titanium surfaces in oxidizing environment using multi-charged Argon ions in the MeV range shed into light the following points:-Significant oxide film thickening for the film grown at 500°C under irradiation at 4 and 9 MeV, by comparison with the TiO2 rutile film grown under same environmental conditions without irradiation;-Formation of large round –shaped craters, of diameter approaching 200 nanometers, at the titanium surface under irradiation at 500°C provided that the environment is enough oxidizing or provided that the metal surface is covered by a sufficiently thick oxide film.Practically, and for the present system, the superficial craterization is observed if the thickness of the superficial oxide is equal to twice that of the native oxide (~3 nm).

Controlling Cell Growth by Nanoparticles

2006 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiy Zankovych ◽  
Joerg Bossert ◽  
Ines Thiele ◽  
Klaus D. Jandt ◽  
Liga Berzina-Cimdina
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Microcontact Printing ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Titanium Substrates

ABSTRACTWe report preliminary results of using nanoparticles to control cell attachment and growth. We present the way to create titanium surfaces with different roughness in a rage between 2 nm and 117 nm by using nanoparticles as a superficial layer and varying the evaporation parameters. We examined cell proliferation on titanium substrates with increased surface roughness compared to smooth titanium surface. We used nanoparticles to create a micrometer-sized lateral layout onto substrates preliminary structured by microcontact printing. We demonstrate controlled cell growth on substrates laterally structured with nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Graphene-Doped Poly (Methyl-Methacrylate) (Pmma) Implants: A Micro-CT and Histomorphometrical Study in Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
Tiziana Orsini ◽  
Fabio Di Carlo ◽  
Luca Valbonetti ◽  
Felice Lorusso
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
White Male ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Dental Applications

Background—the graphene-doping procedure represents a useful procedure to improve the mechanical, physical and biological response of several Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-derived polymers and biomaterials for dental applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate osseointegration of Graphene doped Poly(methyl methacrylate) (GD-PMMA) compared with PMMA as potential materials for dental implant devices. Methods—eighteen adult New Zealand white male rabbits with a mean weight of approx. 3000 g were used in this research. A total of eighteen implants of 3.5 mm diameter and 11 mm length in GD-PMMA and eighteen implants in PMMA were used. The implants were placed into the articular femoral knee joint. The animals were sacrificed after 15, 30 and 60 days and the specimens were evaluated by µCT and histomorphometry. Results—microscopically, all 36 implants, 18 in PMMA and 18 in DG-PMMA were well-integrated into the bone. The implants were in contact with cortical bone along the upper threads, while the lower threads were in contact with either newly formed bone or with marrow spaces. The histomorphometry and µCT evaluation showed that the GP-PMMA and PMMA implants were well osseointegrated and the bone was in direct contact with large portions of the implant surfaces, including the space in the medullary canal. Conclusions—in conclusion, the results suggest that GD-PMMA titanium surfaces enhance osseointegration in rabbit femurs. This encourages further research to obtain GD-PMMA with a greater radiopacity. Also, further in vitro and vivo animal studies are necessary to evaluate a potential clinical usage for dental implant applications.

scholarly journals Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Coatings Enhance Bioactivity of Titanium Implants—SurfEV

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Taisa Nogueira Pansani ◽  
Thanh Huyen Phan ◽  
Qingyu Lei ◽  
Alexey Kondyurin ◽  
Bill Kalionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Migration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by cells that contain a multitude of biomolecules, which act synergistically to signal multiple cell types. EVs are ideal candidates for promoting tissue growth and regeneration. The tissue regenerative potential of EVs raises the tantalizing possibility that immobilizing EVs on implant surfaces could potentially generate highly bioactive and cell-instructive surfaces that would enhance implant integration into the body. Such surfaces could address a critical limitation of current implants, which do not promote bone tissue formation or bond bone. Here, we developed bioactive titanium surface coatings (SurfEV) using two types of EVs: secreted by decidual mesenchymal stem cells (DEVs) and isolated from fermented papaya fluid (PEVs). For each EV type, we determined the size, morphology, and molecular composition. High concentrations of DEVs enhanced cell proliferation, wound closure, and migration distance of osteoblasts. In contrast, the cell proliferation and wound closure decreased with increasing concentration of PEVs. DEVs enhanced Ca/P deposition on the titanium surface, which suggests improvement in bone bonding ability of the implant (i.e., osteointegration). EVs also increased production of Ca and P by osteoblasts and promoted the deposition of mineral phase, which suggests EVs play key roles in cell mineralization. We also found that DEVs stimulated the secretion of secondary EVs observed by the presence of protruding structures on the cell membrane. We concluded that, by functionalizing implant surfaces with specialized EVs, we will be able to enhance implant osteointegration by improving hydroxyapatite formation directly at the surface and potentially circumvent aseptic loosening of implants.

scholarly journals Long-lasting renewable antibacterial porous polymeric coatings enable titanium biomaterials to prevent and treat peri-implant infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyi Wu ◽  
Jianmeng Xu ◽  
Leiyan Zou ◽  
Shulu Luo ◽  
Run Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Implant Infection ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

AbstractPeri-implant infection is one of the biggest threats to the success of dental implant. Existing coatings on titanium surfaces exhibit rapid decrease in antibacterial efficacy, which is difficult to promisingly prevent peri-implant infection. Herein, we report an N-halamine polymeric coating on titanium surface that simultaneously has long-lasting renewable antibacterial efficacy with good stability and biocompatibility. Our coating is powerfully biocidal against both main pathogenic bacteria of peri-implant infection and complex bacteria from peri-implantitis patients. More importantly, its antibacterial efficacy can persist for a long term (e.g., 12~16 weeks) in vitro, in animal model, and even in human oral cavity, which generally covers the whole formation process of osseointegrated interface. Furthermore, after consumption, it can regain its antibacterial ability by facile rechlorination, highlighting a valuable concept of renewable antibacterial coating in dental implant. These findings indicate an appealing application prospect for prevention and treatment of peri-implant infection.

Study of the Key Issues of Friction Stir Welding of Titanium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 1185-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jie Liu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Yong Xian Huang ◽  
Qi Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Aluminum And Magnesium Alloys

As a new solid-state welding process, friction stir welding (FSW) has been successfully used for joining low melting point materials such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, but the FSW of high melting point materials such as steels and titanium alloys is still difficult to carry out because of their strict requirements for the FSW tool. Especially for the FSW of titanium alloys, some key technological issues need to solve further. In order to accomplish the FSW of titanium alloys, a specially designed tool system was made. The system was composed of W-Re pin tool, liquid cooling holder and shielding gas shroud. Prior to FSW, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates were thermo-hydrogen processed to reduce the deformation resistance and tool wear during the FSW. Based on this, the thermo-hydrogen processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy with different hydrogen content was friction stir welded, and the microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties of the joints were studied. Experimental results showed that the designed tool system can fulfill the requirements of the FSW of titanium alloys, and excellent weld formation and high-strength joint have been obtained from the titanium alloy plates.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of tool Wear Mechanisms in Conventional and High Pressure Coolant Assisted Machining of Titanium Alloy Ti17

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 1961-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yessine Ayed ◽  
Guenael Germain ◽  
Amine Ammar ◽  
Benoit Furet
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
High Pressure Coolant

Titanium alloys are known for their excellent mechanical properties, especially at high temperature. But this specificity of titanium alloys can cause high cutting forces as well as a significant release of heat that may entail a rapid wear of the cutting tool. To cope with these problems, research has been taken in several directions. One of these is the development of assistances for machining. In this study, we investigate the high pressure coolant assisted machining of titanium alloy Ti17. High pressure coolant consists of projecting a jet of water between the rake face of the tool and the chip. The efficiency of the process depends on the choice of the operating parameters of machining and the parameters of the water jet such as its pressure and its diameter. The use of this type of assistance improves chip breaking and increases tool life. Indeed, the machining of titanium alloys is generally accompanied by rapid wear of cutting tools, especially in rough machining. The work done focuses on the wear of uncoated tungsten carbide tools during machining of Ti17. Rough and finish machining in conventional and in high pressure coolant assistance conditions were tested. Different techniques were used in order to explain the mechanisms of wear. These tests are accompanied by measurement of cutting forces, surface roughness and tool wear. The Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis technique made it possible to draw the distribution maps of alloying elements on the tool rake face. An area of material deposition on the rake face, characterized by a high concentration of titanium, was noticed. The width of this area and the concentration of titanium decreases in proportion with the increasing pressure of the coolant. The study showed that the wear mechanisms with and without high pressure coolant assistance are different. In fact, in the condition of conventional machining, temperature in the cutting zone becomes very high and, with lack of lubrication, the cutting edge deforms plastically and eventually collapses quickly. By contrast, in high pressure coolant assisted machining, this problem disappears and flank wear (VB) is stabilized at high pressure. The sudden rupture of the cutting edge observed under these conditions is due to the propagation of a notch and to the crater wear that appears at high pressure. Moreover, in rough condition, high pressure assistance made it possible to increase tool life by up to 400%.

Preparation of Titanium Alloy Parts by Powder Compact Extrusion of a Powder Mixture and Scaled up Manufacture

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yang ◽  
Brian Gabbitas ◽  
Ajit Pal Singh ◽  
Stella Raynova ◽  
Hui Yang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Powder Compact ◽  
Blended Elemental ◽  
Pilot Plant Scale ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Titanium Processing ◽  
The University

Blended Elemental Powder Metallurgy (BE-PM) is a very attractive method for producing titanium alloys, which can be near-net shape formed with compositional freedom. However, a minimization of oxygen pick-up during processing into manufactured parts is a big challenge for powder metallurgy of titanium alloys. In this paper, different approaches for preparing titanium alloy parts by powder compact extrusion with 0.05-0.1wt.% of oxygen pick-up during manufacturing are discussed. The starting materials were a powder mixture of HDH titanium powder, other elemental powders and a master alloy powder. Different titanium alloys and composites, such as Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-4Al-4Sn-4Mo-0.5Si, Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr, and Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-5vol%TiB, with different profiles such as round and rectangular bars, a wedge profile, wire and tubes have been successfully manufactured on a laboratory and pilot-plant scale. Furthermore, a possible route for scaling up the titanium processing capabilities in the University of Waikato has also been discussed.

Increasing the titanium alloys durability due to modifications by vibro-abrasive processing of the strengthened surface layer

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
V.V. Altukhova ◽  
R.F. Krupsky ◽  
A.A. Krivenok ◽  
O.G. Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
World Science ◽  
Impact Surface ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Defective Surface

It is shown that vibroabrasive treatment of hardened titanium alloy specimens contributes to an increase in their durability. This effect is explained by the removal of a defective surface layer containing microcracks and subject to the influence of residual tensile stresses. It is shown that the proposed stage of vibro-abrasive processing with ceramic granules makes it possible to almost completely remove iron introduced after vibro-impact surface hardening, which makes it possible to exclude the operation of etching in nitric acid from the technological process. The current state of research on durability in world science is briefly presented.

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