scholarly journals Efficacy of Using Probiotics with Antagonistic Activity against Pathogens of Wound Infections: An Integrative Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Fijan ◽  
Anita Frauwallner ◽  
Tomaž Langerholc ◽  
Bojan Krebs ◽  
Jessica A. ter Haar (née Younes) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Skin Damage

The skin and its microbiota serve as physical barriers to prevent invasion of pathogens. Skin damage can be a consequence of illness, surgery, and burns. The most effective wound management strategy is to prevent infections, promote healing, and prevent excess scarring. It is well established that probiotics can aid in skin healing by stimulating the production of immune cells, and they also exhibit antagonistic effects against pathogens via competitive exclusion of pathogens. Our aim was to conduct a review of recent literature on the efficacy of using probiotics against pathogens that cause wound infections. In this integrative review, we searched through the literature published in the international following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus using the search terms “probiotic” AND “wound infection.” During a comprehensive review and critique of the selected research, fourteen in vitro studies, 8 animal studies, and 19 clinical studies were found. Two of these in vitro studies also included animal studies, yielding a total of 39 articles for inclusion in the review. The most commonly used probiotics for all studies were well-known strains of the species Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. All in vitro studies showed successful inhibition of chosen skin or wound pathogens by the selected probiotics. Within the animal studies on mice, rats, and rabbits, probiotics showed strong opportunities for counteracting wound infections. Most clinical studies showed slight or statistically significant lower incidence of surgical site infections, foot ulcer infection, or burn infections for patients using probiotics. Several of these studies also indicated a statistically significant wound healing effect for the probiotic groups. This review indicates that exogenous and oral application of probiotics has shown reduction in wound infections, especially when used as an adjuvant to antibiotic therapy, and therefore the potential use of probiotics in this field remains worthy of further studies, perhaps focused more on typical skin inhabitants as next-generation probiotics with high potential.

An update on cefepime and its future role in combination with novel β-lactamase inhibitors for MDR Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Isler ◽  
Patrick Harris ◽  
Adam G Stewart ◽  
David L Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Cefepime, a wide-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic, has been in use for the treatment of serious bacterial infections for almost 25 years. Since its clinical development, there has been a dramatic shift in its dosing, with 2 g every 8 hours being preferred for serious infections to optimize pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations. The advent of ESBLs has become a threat to its ongoing use, although future coadministration with β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) under development is an area of intense study. There are currently four new cefepime/BLI combinations in clinical development. Cefepime/zidebactam is generally active against MBL-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in vitro and in animal studies, and cefepime/taniborbactam has activity against KPC and OXA-48 producers. Cefepime/enmetazobactam and cefepime/tazobactam are potential carbapenem-sparing agents with activity against ESBLs. Cefepime/enmetazobactam has completed Phase III and cefepime/taniborbactam is in Phase III clinical studies, where they are being tested against carbapenems or piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. While these combinations are promising, their role in the treatment of MDR Gram-negative infections can only be determined with further clinical studies.

scholarly journals Dexpanthenol in Wound Healing after Medical and Cosmetic Interventions (Postprocedure Wound Healing)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Julian Gorski ◽  
Ehrhardt Proksch ◽  
Jens Malte Baron ◽  
Daphne Schmid ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Superficial Skin

With the availability of new technologies, the number of subjects undergoing medical and cosmetic interventions is increasing. Many procedures (e.g., ablative fractional laser treatment) resulting in superficial/minor wounds require appropriate aftercare to prevent complications in wound healing and poor cosmetic outcome. We review the published evidence of the usefulness of topical dexpanthenol in postprocedure wound healing and the associated mechanisms of action at the molecular level. A search in the PubMed and Embase databases was performed to query the terms dexpanthenol, panthenol, superficial wound, minor wound, wound healing, skin repair, and postprocedure. Search results were categorized as clinical trials and in vitro studies. In vitro and clinical studies provided evidence that topically applied dexpanthenol promotes superficial and postprocedure wound healing. Latest findings confirmed that dexpanthenol upregulates genes that are critical for the healing process. The gene expression data are of clinical relevance as evidenced by prospective clinical studies indicating that topical dexpanthenol accelerates wound healing with rapid re-epithelialization and restoration of skin barrier function following skin injury. It can therefore be inferred that topical dexpanthenol represents an appropriate and state-of-the-art treatment option for superficial postprocedure wounds, especially when applied early after the superficial skin damage.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles Protect Skin from Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7082
Author(s):  
Yu-Yi Ho ◽  
Der-Shan Sun ◽  
Hsin-Hou Chang
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Uv Illumination ◽  
Nanosized Titanium Dioxide

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight has various adverse effects; thus, UV blockage is recommended for preventing sunburn. Common sunscreen ingredients, such as nanosized titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, offer effective protection and enhance cosmetic appearance; however, health concerns have been raised regarding their photocatalytic activity, which generates reactive oxygen species under UV illumination. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known as safe materials for use in a wide spectrum of biomedical applications. In vitro studies have revealed that AgNPs may have a protective effect against UV irradiation, but the effects in animal studies remain unclear. The present study demonstrated that AgNPs effectively protect against UVB-induced skin damage both in cell cultures and mouse models. These results suggested that AgNPs are feasible and safe as sunscreen ingredients for protection against UVB-induced skin damage.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cultures of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: An Overview of Methods, Molecular Analyses, and Clinical Applications

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurycy Jankowski ◽  
Claudia Dompe ◽  
Rafał Sibiak ◽  
Grzegorz Wąsiatycz ◽  
Paul Mozdziak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Animal Trials

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exhibiting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics, have been extensively studied in recent years. Because they have been shown to differentiate into lineages such as osteogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic or myogenic, the focus of most of the current research concerns either their potential to replace bone marrow as a readily available and abundant source of MSCs, or to employ them in regenerative and reconstructive medicine. There is close to consensus regarding the methodology used for ASC isolation and culture, whereas a number of molecular analyses implicates them in potential therapies of a number of pathologies. When it comes to clinical application, there is a range of examples of animal trials and clinical studies employing ASCs, further emphasizing the advancement of studies leading to their more widespread use. Nevertheless, in vitro studies will most likely continue to play a significant role in ASC studies, both providing the molecular knowledge of their ex vivo properties and possibly serving as an important step in purification and application of those cells in a clinical setting. Therefore, it is important to consider current methods of ASC isolation, culture, and processing. Furthermore, molecular analyses and cell surface properties of ASCs are essential for animal studies, clinical studies, and therapeutic applications of the MSC properties.

scholarly journals The fog, the attractive and the addictive: pulmonary effects of vaping with a focus on the contribution of each major vaping liquid constituent

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (157) ◽  
pp. 200268
Author(s):  
Ariane Lechasseur ◽  
Mathieu C. Morissette
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State

Vaping has become increasingly popular over the past decade. This pragmatic review presents the published biological effects of electronic cigarette vapour inhalation with a focus on the pulmonary effects. Special attention has been devoted to providing the documented effects specific to each major ingredient, namely propylene glycol/glycerol, nicotine and flavouring agents. For each ingredient, findings are divided according to the methodology used, being in vitro studies, animal studies and clinical studies. Finally, we provide thoughts and insights on the current state of understanding of the pulmonary effects of vaping, as well as novel research avenues and methodologies.

scholarly journals Association between Genetic Variants and Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Populations: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Khodaeian ◽  
Samaneh Enayati ◽  
Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy ◽  
Mahsa M. Amoli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Iranian Populations

Introduction.Diabetes mellitus as the most prevalent metabolic disease is a multifactorial disease which is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. In this systematic review, we assessed the association between genetic variants and diabetes/its complications in studies with Iranian populations.Methods.Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Persian web databases were systematically searched up to January 2014. The search terms were “gene,” “polymorphism,” “diabetes,” and “diabetic complications”; nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, foot ulcer, and CAD (coronary artery diseases); and Persian equivalents. Animal studies, letters to editor, and in vitro studies were excluded.Results.Out of overall 3029 eligible articles, 88 articles were included. We found significant association between CTLA-4, IL-18, VDR, TAP2, IL-12, and CD4 genes and T1DM, HNFαand MODY, haptoglobin, paraoxonase, leptin, TCF7L2, calreticulin, ERα, PPAR-γ2, CXCL5, calpain-10, IRS-1 and 2, GSTM1, KCNJ11, eNOS, VDR, INSR, ACE, apoA-I, apo E, adiponectin, PTPN1, CETP, AT1R, resistin, MMP-3, BChE K, AT2R, SUMO4, IL-10, VEGF, MTHFR, and GSTM1 with T2DM or its complications.Discussion.We found some controversial results due to heterogeneity in ethnicity and genetic background. We thought genome wide association studies on large number of samples will be helpful in identifying diabetes susceptible genes as an alternative to studying individual candidate genes in Iranian populations.

scholarly journals Pomegranate Juice and Extract Consumption Increases the Resistance to UVB-induced Erythema and Changes the Skin Microbiome in Healthy Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M. Henning ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Ru-Po Lee ◽  
Jianjun Huang ◽  
Mark Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that topical application and oral consumption of pomegranate reduces UVB-induced skin damage. We therefore investigated if oral pomegranate consumption will reduce photodamage from UVB irradiation and alter the composition of the skin microbiota in a randomized controlled, parallel, three-arm, open label study. Seventy-four female participants (30–45 years) with Fitzpatrick skin type II-IV were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 1000 mg of pomegranate extract (PomX), 8 oz of pomegranate juice (PomJ) or placebo for 12 weeks. Minimal erythema dose (MED) and melanin index were determined using a cutometer (mexameter probe). Skin microbiota was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. The MED was significantly increased in the PomX and PomJ group compared to placebo. There was no significant difference on phylum, but on family and genus level bacterial composition of skin samples collected at baseline and after 12 week intervention showed significant differences between PomJ, PomX and placebo. Members of the Methylobacteriaceae family contain pigments absorbing UV irradiation and might contribute to UVB skin protection. However, we were not able to establish a direct correlation between increased MED and bacterial abundance. In summary daily oral pomegranate consumption may lead to enhanced protection from UV photodamage.

scholarly journals Clinical studies of drug effects in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1306-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Ray
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Outcome Differences

Abstract Many important drug properties cannot be predicted from in vitro or animal studies but must be quantified from studies of clinically relevant endpoints in humans. Clinical study designs include the randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a variety of observational designs. In RCTs, randomization usually ensures treatment group comparability with respect to other factors, so outcome differences reflect treatment differences per se. Properly conducted RCTs thus are the strongest study design, the mainstay of mandatory premarketing studies, and essential for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. RCT limitations include frequent use of surrogate endpoints, limited power, short-term follow-up, and cross-contamination of study groups. For ethical reasons, some questions cannot be studied with RCTs. The simplest observational design, the case series, has limited value because it lacks a denominator. Limitations of cohort and case-control studies include misclassification, selection bias, and confounding. Despite their limitations, properly conducted experimental and observational clinical studies provide essential data for clinical practice.

A comprehensive post-market review of studies on a probiotic product containing Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Foster ◽  
T. Tompkins ◽  
W. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Post Market ◽  
Probiotic Product ◽  
Stress Models

The probiotic preparation Lacidofil® has been commercially available in Europe, Asia and North America since 1995. This product is a combination of two strains, Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011. The strains have been evaluated for safety, identity and mechanisms of probiotic action in vitro, in animal models and human clinical trials. The strains adhered to human epithelial cells, helped to maintain the barrier function and blocked the adhesion of a number of pathogens, allowing them to be cleared from the intestine. The strains also elicited an anti-inflammatory response by down-regulating IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α. In various stress models, the probiotic combination facilitated better coping and outcomes which may be through the maintenance of barrier function and suppressing inflammation. Overall, pre-clinical studies suggest a potential anti-infectious role for the strains and the combination. Clinical studies, primarily in children, have identified Lacidofil as an effective supplement for various gastrointestinal diseases such as antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and acute gastroenteritis. Recent research has also indicated that Lacidofil may be beneficial for individuals with atopic dermatitis or vaginal dysbacteriosis.

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