scholarly journals Prevalence, Severity, and Correlates of Anaemia in Pregnancy among Antenatal Attendees in Warri, South-Southern Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional and Hospital-Based Study

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Victor Omote ◽  
Henry Awele Ukwamedua ◽  
Nathaniel Bini ◽  
Emmanuel Kashibu ◽  
Joel Rimamnde Ubandoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction. Anaemia in pregnancy affects about half of all pregnant women globally and constitutes an important reproductive health issue. The World Health Organization estimates that the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy varies from 53.8% to 90.2% in developing countries and 8.3% to 23% in developed countries. Anaemia in pregnancy is common in developing countries and prevalence statistics required for its effective management and control is not adequately available in Nigeria. Thus, this study seeks to provide prevalence statistics of anaemia in pregnancy for the study region and its severity and highlight some possible correlates. Methods. A total of 218 pregnant women were recruited from the antenatal clinic of Central Hospital Warri using simple random technique after approval from the institutional review board and consent from the participants. Data on sociodemographics, economic status, and clinical history were collected using a pretested structured interviewer’s questionnaire. Participant’s haematocrit levels were estimated using standard laboratory techniques and anaemia was diagnosed using WHO-recommended cutoff. Results. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 37.6%. This prevalence dropped to 10.6% when a cutoff of less than 30% haematocrit was used. There was a direct relationship between haematocrit values and the participants’ age while mild anaemia accounted for the bulk (72%) of the anaemic cases. Participants younger than 20 years of age gave the highest age-based prevalence while parity-based prevalence was even among subgroups. Participants without formal education and those who were unemployed accounted for the highest prevalence in their different categories. Conclusion. Based on the findings from our study, anaemia in pregnancy is still of primary public health concern if WHO cutoff is used for the diagnosis. However, the reduction observed when less than 30% haematocrit was used tags our study zone to be of moderate severity. Although all variables lacked statistical significance, younger age, no formal education, and unemployment were highlighted to be predisposing factors.

scholarly journals Knowledge of iron-containing foods among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Elizabeth Adeboye ◽  
Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
College Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract IntroductionAnaemia in pregnancy is a global public health problem and about half of all anaemia cases among pregnant women in developing countries are attributable to iron (Fe) deficiency. Perhaps, nutritional knowledge on the vitality of Fe-containing foods among pregnant women is lacking. In the light of the perpetually high burden of anaemia in pregnancy in Nigeria, we conducted a study to assess the knowledge of Fe-containing foods among pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria.Materials and MethodsFour hundred and thirty two (432) pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy (across eight Primary Health Centers in a local government area) from Lagos Nigeria identified through multi-stage sampling method completed validated semi-structured questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristic and knowledge of Fe-containing foods using a validated 10-question knowledge scale (designed by nutrition experts) measured on a 2-point scale. Knowledge score (KS) was categories as poor (2 test was used to evaluate the association between age groups, education, marital status and knowledge of Fe-containing foods (at P < 0.05).ResultsMean age of all respondents was 28.5 ± 4.6years and 43.3% were below 28years. Mean gestational age was 31.3 ± 4.1weeks, 6.5% and 1.9% reported having a primary formal education only and never married respectively. Mean knowledge score of all respondents was 6.7 ± 2.2 and 34.7% had poor KS about Fe-containing foods. While age of respondents was insignificantly associated with KS, proportion of pregnant women who had good KS was significantly higher (χ2 = 6.6, P = 0.01) among those with at least a college education (66.8%) compared to their counterpart having at a primary formal education only (42.9%). In addition, proportion of respondents with poor KS was significantly lower (χ2 = 9.9, P = 0.007) among those ever married (34.8%) compared to respondents who never married (75.0%).ConclusionAside nutrition education, the vitality of adequate formal education for women prior to pregnancy and care giving roles cannot be undermined in advancing the knowledge of women on anemia and alleviating the burden anaemia in pregnancy in developing countries.

scholarly journals Obstetric factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy in a primary health center in south-south Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 042-049
Author(s):  
Ndukwu Geraldine ◽  
Dienye Paul ◽  
Adesokun Bolanle
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Primary Health Centre ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Obstetric Factors ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Anaemia has been reported as one of the commonest medical complications associated with pregnancy in the developing countries. It increases maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality significantly. In Nigeria, maternal anaemia usually predates the period of pregnancy in the life of most of the mothers. These women succumb to early unprepared marriage, give birth to many children with poor child spacing and due to poverty and ignorance they book late for antenatal. This study determines the obstetric factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy in a primary health centre in Port Harcourt in order to create awareness on maternal anaemia and the need to institute preventive and therapeutic measures. Methods: This is a cross-sectional; hospital- based study. A total of two hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic were enrolled into the study at booking in a primary health centre. Data was collected by administrating questionnaires. Blood sample was collected for haemoglobin estimation. Means were compared using z-test and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Out of the 227, 111(48.9%) were primigravida, most of whom were anaemic (65.8%). Majority of the women booked in the second trimester 135 (59.3%) and those that booked at the third trimester were more anaemic (70.9%). Pregnant women with birth interval of <1(66.7) and > 4years (78.6%) were mostly anaemic Conclusion: Anaemia in pregnancy especially for those living in developing countries can be reduced if women are educated on the need for proper nutrition before pregnancy and on early ante-natal booking.

scholarly journals Hubungan Antara Paritas, Penyakit Infeksi Dan Status Gizi Dengan Status Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Akhmad Mahyuni ◽  
Nirma Yunita ◽  
Eka Maya Putri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
In Pregnancy

World Health Organization (WHO) data in 2010 noted 40% of maternal deaths in developing countries are associated with pregnancy anemia. Anemia anemia in pregnancy caused by iron deficiency and acute bleeding, even distance mutually interact with each other. Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem in developing countries with high morbidity in pregnant women. The average pregnancy with anemia in Asia is estimated at 72.6%. The high prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is a problem that is being exposed to the government of Indonesia. Preliminary study results conducted by researchers through physical examination of pregnant women in third trimester, seen from signs of symptoms, as many as 10 people, there are 6 people (60%) who have anemia and 4 people (40%) were not anemic, of 6 people with anemia there were 3 (50%) unsafe parities, 1 person (16.7%) had infectious diseases, and 2 (33.3%) malnourished. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of parity, infectious diseases, and nutritional status with anemia status in third trimester pregnant women in the work area of ​​PuskesmasPasalingHulu Sungai Selatan in 2017. The method used was analytical with cross sectional approach. The result of this research are most of respondents who suffer from anemia that is as many as 33 people (67,3%), unsafe parity that is 29 people (59,2%), not enter as many as 34 people (69,4%), as many as 28 people (57.1%). there is a proven to have relationship of parity, nutritional status with anemia status in third trimester pregnant women in work area of ​​Puskesmas PasungkanHulu Sungai Selatan 2017, not proven to have relation of disease with anemia status in third trimester pregnant woman in working area of ​​Puskesmas PasungkanHuluSungai Selatan 2017 Keywords: Status of anemia, parity, infectious diseases, nutritional status

scholarly journals LITERATURE REVIEW: DAMPAK ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI PADA IBU HAMIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-898
Author(s):  
Anjar Fifi Wulandari ◽  
Emi Sutrisminah ◽  
Is Susiloningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

In general, the most common cause of anaemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency, which arises from maternal-fetal iron transfer, which is often exacerbated by a decrease in maternal iron stores. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pregnancy anaemia is a global health problem that affects almost half of pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to conduct a journal review of explanatory and experimental articles published in the last 5 years starting in 2016 on deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. The research method is carried out by literature study using an electronic reference library through Medline, PubMed, NCBI, Science Direct and Proquest by investigating the impact of anaemia in pregnant women. The results literature from research in various developing and developed countries show that there is an impact that occurs when the mother had anaemia during pregnancy, namely prematurity, low birth weight, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal mortality, cesarean delivery and mental development of children. The conclusion is that there are several effects of anaemia in pregnant women, which are prematurity, low birth weight, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal mortality, cesarean delivery and children's mental development.

Quantifying Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Educational Components of Antenatal Care in Lesotho

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabeta Seeiso ◽  
Mamutle M. Todd-Maja
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
In Pregnancy

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.

scholarly journals Time trends in socio-economic, urban-rural and regional disparities in prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho: evidence from Lesotho demographic and health surveys (2004–2014)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background The growing rates of obesity in developing countries are alarming. There is a paucity of evidence about disparities of obesity in Lesotho. This study examined socioeconomic and area-based inequalities in obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho. Methods Data were extracted from the 2004, 2009 and 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Surveys (LDHS) and analyzed through the recently updated Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) of the World Health Organization. Obesity prevalence was disaggregated by four equity stratifiers, namely education, wealth, residence and sub-national region. For each equity stratifier, simple and complex as well as relative and absolute summary measures were calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used to measure statistical significance of findings. Results We noticed substantial wealth-driven (D = -21.10, 95% CI; − 25.94, − 16.26), subnational region (PAR = -11.82, 95%CI; − 16.09, − 7.55) and urban-rural (− 9.82, 95% CI; − 13.65, − 5.99) inequalities in obesity prevalence without the inequalities improved over time in all the studied years. However, we did not identify educational inequality in obesity. Conclusions Wealth-driven and geographical inequalities was identified in Lesotho in all the studied time periods while education related inequalities did not appear during the same time period. All population groups in the country need to be reached with interventions to reduce the burden of obesity in the country.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic, urban‐rural and sex‐based inequality in infant mortality rate: evidence from 2013 Yemen demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Jemal Haidar ◽  
Gorems Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract Background The occurrence of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) varied globally with most of the cases coming from developing countries including Yemen. The disparity in IMR in Yemen however, has not been well dealt and therefore we examined the IMR inequality based on the most reliable methodology in order to generate evidence-based information for some program initiatives in Yemen. Methods Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software, we analyzed the inequality across the different inequality dimensions in Yemen. The toolkit analyzes data stored in the WHO health equity monitor database. Simple and complex, and absolute and relative measures of inequality were calculated for the four dimensions of inequality (subpopulations) which included wealth, education, sex and residence. We computed a 95 % CI to assess statistical significance. Results The analysis included 31, 743 infants. Absolute and relative wealth-driven, education, urban-rural and sex-based inequalities were found in IMR. Higher concentration of IMR was observed among infants from the poorest/poor households (ACI=-4.68, 95 % CI; -6.57, -2.79, R = 1.61, 95 % CI; 1.18, 2.03), rural residents (D = 15.07, 95 % CI; 8.04, 22.09, PAF=-23.57, 95 % CI; -25.47, -21.68), mothers who had no formal education (ACI=-2.16, 95 % CI; -3.79, -0.54) and had male infants (PAF= -3.66, 95 % CI; -4.86, -2.45). Conclusions Higher concentration of IMR was observed among male infants from disadvantaged subpopulations such as poorest/poor, uneducated and rural residents. To eliminate the observed inequalities, interventions are needed to target the poorest/poor households, rural residents, mothers with no formal education and male infants.

Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnancy among women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Martin Malick
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
The West ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Folate Supplement ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital (WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.

URIC ACID LEVEL AS A PREDICTOR OF SEVERITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Natasya Natasya ◽  
Fidel Ganis Siregar ◽  
Ratna Akbari Ganie
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Obstetric Emergency ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Life Threatening

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy syndrome affecting multiple organ systems, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. The incidence of preeclampsia is estimated to be 3-10% of pregnancies worldwide and is the leading cause of death for pregnant women. Preeclampsia is a life-threatening obstetric emergency, so it needs prompt and precise treatment to prevent morbidity and mortality. WHO estimates that the incidence of preeclampsia is seven times higher in developing countries (2.8% of live births) than in developed countries 1,2 (0.4%).

scholarly journals Prevalence and aetiologies of anaemia among first trimester pregnant women in Sri Lanka; the need for revisiting the current control strategies

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayani Shashikala Amarasinghe ◽  
Thilini Chanchala Agampodi ◽  
Vasana Mendis ◽  
Krishanthi Malawanage ◽  
Chamila Kappagoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background The Sustainable development goals, which focus strongly on equity, aim to end all forms of malnutrition by 2030. However, a significant cause of intergenerational transfer of malnutrition, anaemia in pregnancy, is still a challenge. It is especially so in the low- and middle-income settings where possible context-specific aetiologies leading to anaemia have been poorly explored. This study explores the prevalence of etiological factors significantly contributing to anaemia in pregnancy in Sri Lanka, a lower-middle-income country with a high prevalence of malnutrition albeit robust public health infrastructure. Methods All first-trimester pregnant women registered in the public maternal care programme in the Anuradhapura district from July to September 2019 were invited to participate in Rajarata Pregnancy Cohort (RaPCo). After a full blood count analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, peripheral blood film examination, serum B12 and folate levels were performed in anaemic participants, guided by an algorithm based on the red cell indices in the full blood count. In addition, serum ferritin was tested in a random subsample of 213 participants. Anaemic women in this subsample underwent B12 and folate testing. Results Among 3127 participants, 14.4% (95%CI 13.2–15.7, n = 451) were anaemic. Haemoglobin ranged between 7.4 to 19.6 g/dl. 331(10.6%) had mild anaemia. Haemoglobin ≥13 g/dl was observed in 39(12.7%). Microcytic, normochromic-normocytic, hypochromic-normocytic and macrocytic anaemia was observed in 243(54%), 114(25.3%), 80(17.8%) and two (0.4%) of full blood counts in anaemic women, respectively. Microcytic anaemia with a red cell count ≥5 * 106 /μl demonstrated a 100% positive predictive value for minor haemoglobinopathies. Minor hemoglobinopathies were present in at least 23.3%(n = 105) of anaemic pregnant women. Prevalence of iron deficiency, B12 deficiency and Southeast Asian ovalocytosis among the anaemic was 41.9% (95%CI 26.4–59.2), 23.8% (95%CI 10.6–45.1) and 0.9% (95%CI 0.3–2.3%), respectively. Folate deficiency was not observed. Conclusion Even though iron deficiency remains the primary cause, minor hemoglobinopathies, B 12 deficiency and other aetiologies substantially contribute to anaemia in pregnancy in this study population. Public health interventions, including screening for minor hemoglobinopathies and multiple micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy, should be considered in the national programme for areas where these problems have been identified.

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