scholarly journals The Impact of Berberine on Intestinal Morphology, Microbes, and Immune Function of Broilers in Response to Necrotic Enteritis Challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Mengjie Li ◽  
Yingying Qiao ◽  
Haoyu Wang ◽  
Litong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Intestinal Necrosis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Junction Proteins ◽  
Positive Controls

The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic effects of berberine on necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers caused by Clostridium perfringens. A total of 240 1-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were divided into four groups, as negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), berberine- (BER-) treated, or lincomycin- (LMY-) treated groups. Broilers were challenged with C. perfringens at 15-21 days of age, followed by BER or LMY supplied in drinking water for 7 days. Experimental results showed that C. perfringens infection significantly decreased growth performance and increased intestinal necrosis index and the number of C. perfringens present to 6.45 Log10CFU/g ( P < 0.001 ). Proinflammatory cytokines in the ileum were significantly increased, but the expression of ileal tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 was significantly reduced. Both BER and LMY ameliorated some of these observations. Compared with the PC group, the number of C. perfringens in the cecum was significantly decreased following treatment ( P < 0.001 ), and growth performance and small intestine morphology were similar to those of the NC group ( P > 0.05 ). IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels as well as occludin and claudin-1 expression were also significantly improved ( P < 0.05 ). BER has the potential to replace antibiotics for NE caused by C. perfringens.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Gadolinium Orthovanadate GdVO4:Eu3+ Nanoparticles on the Carrageenan-Induced Intestinal Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Anton S. Tkachenko ◽  
Galina I. Gubina-Vakulyck ◽  
Vladimir K. Klochkov ◽  
Nataliya S. Kavok ◽  
Anatolii I. Onishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Aim: To evaluate the effects of orally administered gadolinium orthovanadate GdVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles (VNPs) on the course of chronic carrageenan-induced intestinal inflammation. Methods: Samples of small intestinal tissue were collected from four groups of rats (intact, after administration of VNPs, with carrageenaninduced intestinal inflammation, with carrageenan-induced intestinal inflammation orally exposed to VNPs) to assess the intestinal morphology and HSP90α expression. Levels of seromucoid, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 were determined in blood serum. Results: Oral exposure to VNPs was associated with neither elevation of inflammation markers in blood serum nor HSP90α overexpression in the small intestine, i.e. no toxic effects of VNPs were observed. Carrageenan-induced intestinal inflammation was accompanied by higher levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as HSP90α upregulation in the intestinal mucosa, compared with controls. Administration of VNPs to rats with enteritis did not lead to statistically significant changes in concentrations of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines with the trend towards their increase. Conclusion: No adverse effects were observed in rats orally exposed to VNPs at a dose of 20 μg/kg during two weeks. Using the experimental model of carrageenan-induced enteritis, it was demonstrated that VNPs at the dose used in our study did not affect the course of intestinal inflammation.

Secreted bioactive factors fromBifidobacterium infantisenhance epithelial cell barrier function

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (5) ◽  
pp. G1025-G1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia B. Ewaschuk ◽  
Hugo Diaz ◽  
Liisa Meddings ◽  
Brendan Diederichs ◽  
Andrea Dmytrash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Junction Proteins

Live probiotic bacteria are effective in reducing gut permeability and inflammation. We have previously shown that probiotics release peptide bioactive factors that modulate epithelial resistance in vitro. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of factors released from Bifidobacteria infantis on intestinal epithelial cell permeability and tight junction proteins and to assess whether these factors retain their bioactivity when administered to IL-10-deficient mice. B. infantis conditioned medium (BiCM) was applied to T84 human epithelial cells in the presence and absence of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Transepithelial resistance (TER), tight junction proteins [claudins 1, 2, 3, and 4, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and occludin] and MAP kinase activity (p38 and ERK) were examined. Acute effects of BiCM on intestinal permeability were assessed in colons from IL-10-deficient mice in Ussing chambers. A separate group of IL-1-deficient mice was treated with BiCM for 4 wk and then assessed for intestinal histological injury, cytokine levels, epithelial permeability, and immune response to bacterial antigens. In T84 cells, BiCM increased TER, decreased claudin-2, and increased ZO-1 and occludin expression. This was associated with enhanced levels of phospho-ERK and decreased levels of phospho-p38. BiCM prevented TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced drops in TER and rearrangement of tight junction proteins. Inhibition of ERK prevented the BiCM-induced increase in TER and attenuated the protection from TNF-α and IFN-γ. Oral BiCM administration acutely reduced colonic permeability in mice whereas long-term BiCM treatment in IL-10-deficient mice attenuated inflammation, normalized colonic permeability, and decreased colonic and splenic IFN-γ secretion. In conclusion, peptide bioactive factors from B. infantis retain their biological activity in vivo and are effective in normalizing gut permeability and improving disease in an animal model of colitis. The effects of BiCM are mediated in part by changes in MAP kinases and tight junction proteins.

scholarly journals Impact of dietary Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation on growth, histopathology, E-coli colonization and hepatic transcripts of TNF-α and NF- ϰB of broiler challenged with E. coli O78

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabreen Ezzat Fadl ◽  
Ghada Ahmed El-Gammal ◽  
Osama Atia Sakr ◽  
Aly A.B.S. Salah ◽  
Ayman Ali Atia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver Gene ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Using probiotics have become popular. They are considered an alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP). Probiotics are supplemented into animal feed for improving growth performance along with preventing and controlling enteric pathogens. The aim of this work was to study the impact of dietary supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan (Agrimos®) on broiler challenged with Escherichia coli O78 (E. coli O78 - marked with an antibiotic (320 μg ciprofloxacin/ml broth) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, immune organs-histopathology, E-coli colonization, and hepatic transcripts of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ϰB).Methods: A total of 125 one-day-old chicks were used for conducting the experiment. Five one-day-old chicks were slaughtered for measuring the initial weight of lymphoid tissue. The remaining chicks (120) were allotted into four groups according to Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation and E. coli infection. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: Results indicated significant alteration of growth performance, serum biochemistry, selected liver gene expression with pathological lesions especially in lymphoid organs due to E. coli infection. These alterations were mitigated by Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation.Conclusion: It could be concluded Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation in broiler's diet improved the immune response of broilers and mitigated pathological lesion resulted from E. coli infection.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Function Damage in Piglets by Modulation of Intestinal Microbiome

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Yalei Cui ◽  
Yingying Su ◽  
Zimin Gao ◽  
Xinying Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Tnf Α

ABSTRACT Weaning of piglets is accompanied by intestinal inflammation, impaired intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microflora disorder. Regulating intestinal microflora structure can directly or indirectly affect intestinal health and host growth and development. However, whether dietary fiber (DF) affects the inflammatory response and barrier function by affecting the intestinal microflora and its metabolites is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of intestinal microflora in relieving immune stress and maintaining homeostasis using piglets with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury as a model. DF improved intestinal morphology and barrier function, inhibited the expression of inflammatory signal pathways (Toll-like receptor 2 [TLR2], TLR4, and NF-κB) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), and upregulated the expression of barrier-related genes (encoding claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1). The contents of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and the activity of diamine oxidase in plasma were decreased. Meanwhile, DF had a strong effect on the composition and function of intestinal microflora at different taxonomic levels, the relative abundances of cellulolytic bacteria and anti-inflammatory bacteria were increased, and the concentrations of propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestinal contents were increased. In addition, the correlation analysis also revealed the potential relationship between metabolites and certain intestinal microflora, as well as the relationship between metabolites and intestinal morphology, intestinal gene expression, and plasma cytokine levels. These results indicate that DF improves intestinal barrier function, in part, by altering intestinal microbiota composition and increasing the synthesis of SCFAs, which subsequently alleviate local and systemic inflammation. IMPORTANCE Adding DF to the diet of LPS-challenged piglets alleviated intestinal and systemic inflammation, improved intestinal barrier function, and ultimately alleviated the growth retardation of piglets. In addition, the addition of DF significantly increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and the production of SCFAs. We believe that the improvement of growth performance of piglets with LPS-induced injury can be attributed to the beneficial effects of DF on intestinal microflora and SCFAs, which reduced the inflammatory response in piglets, improving intestinal barrier function and enhancing body health. These research results provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the use of specific fiber sources in the diet to improve intestinal health and growth performance of piglets and thus alleviate weaning stress. Our data also provide insights for studying the role of DF in regulating gastrointestinal function in human infants.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber and Lysolecithin Supplementation in Growing Ducks: Effect on Performance, Immune Response, Intestinal Morphology and Lipid Metabolism-Regulating Genes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2873
Author(s):  
Mohamed I. El-Katcha ◽  
Mosaad A. Soltan ◽  
Ramadan Shewita ◽  
Safaa E. Abdo ◽  
Amr S. Sanad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Response Expression ◽  
The Impact

The impact of different dietary fiber (DF) levels (with or without lysolecithin supplementation) on growth performance, immune response, expression of some lipid regulating genes and intestinal morphology was assessed in 408 Pekin ducks for 2 months. Soybean hulls were added to the diet to provide four different levels of DF: 2.4 (control diet), 3.8, 5.3, and 6.7% for the first four groups, respectively, while groups 5 to 8 fed the same four levels of DF with lysolecithin addition. Increasing dietary DF non-significantly reduced (p > 0.05) the ducks’ body weight (BW). However, ducks fed on 3.8% DF showed higher BW and improved feed conversion ratio. Lysolecithin supplementation with different DF did not support growth performance. Increasing DF with or without lysolecithin had no effect on serum lipid profile (p > 0.05). However, serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) concentration was significantly increased with increasing fiber level in diet (p ˂ 0.05). Increasing DF with or without lysolecithin addition increased serum antioxidant activities and improved the immune response in terms of phagocytic and lysozyme activities. The DF level reduced the duodenal villi length and mucosal layer thickness while increased the villi width (p ˂ 0.05). Lysolecithin supplementation to diets ameliorated adverse effects on intestinal morphology. Moreover, DF level in ducks’ diet with or without lysolecithin significantly upregulated the expression of fatty acid synthase and lipoprotein lipase (p ˂ 0.05). Thus, it could be concluded that ducks fed on soybean hulls containing a diet at the level of 4.5% and providing 3.8% fiber level with or without lysolecithin showed the best performance.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of L. plantarum CGMCC 1258 and L. reuteri LR1 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Function, and Intestinal Immunity in Weaned Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsong Tang ◽  
Hongbo Yi ◽  
Weibin Hong ◽  
Qiwen Wu ◽  
Xuefen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Antioxidant Function ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Diarrheal Incidence

Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1258 and Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 are two important strains of probiotics. However, their different advantages in the probiotic effect of weaned pigs are still poorly understood. Therefore, the study was to investigate the comparative effects of dietary supplementation of L. plantarum CGMCC 1258 and L. reuteri LR1 on growth performance, antioxidant function, and intestinal immunity in weaned pigs. Ninety barrows [initial body weight (BW) = 6.10 ± 0.1 kg] 21 days old were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 5 replicates, each replicate containing 6 pigs. Pigs in control (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the basal diets supplemented with 5 × 1010 CFU/kg L. plantarum CGMCC 1258 (LP) or L. reuteri LR1 (LR) for 42 days, respectively. The results showed that LP increased (p &lt; 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decreased (p &lt; 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression and secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in intestinal mucosa, but has no significant effect on growth performance and diarrheal incidence. However, LR increased (p &lt; 0.05) final BW and average daily gain (ADG), reduced (p &lt; 0.05) 29–42-day diarrheal incidence, decreased (p &lt; 0.05) the expression and secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and increased (p &lt; 0.05) the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in intestinal mucosa. In addition, the serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), mRNA relative expression of Na+-K+-2Cl– co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the content of toll-like relative (TLR2) and TLR4 in the jejunum, and secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) content of ileal mucosa were higher (p &lt; 0.05) than LP. Collectively, dietary L. plantarum CGMCC 1258 improved intestinal morphology, intestinal permeability, intestinal immunity, and antioxidant function in weaned pigs. Dietary L. reuteri LR1 showed better growth performance, a lower incidence of diarrhea, better intestinal morphology, and a higher extent of immune activation in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals PSXIII-28 Effects of Actigen in antibiotics-free diets on growth performance, intestinal barrier functions and inflammation in weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
Min Song ◽  
Yijie Fan ◽  
Han Su ◽  
Fenglin Zhang ◽  
Fangfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Barrier Functions ◽  
Tlr4 Signaling ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Tlr4 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Junction Proteins

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of ActigenTM, a second-generation mannan rich fraction, on growth performance, intestinal barrier functions and inflammation in weaned piglets. A total of 150 weaned piglets were randomly assigned to Control, antibiotics and Actigen groups and received 1 of 3 dietary treatments: a basal antibiotics-free diet to which 100 mg/kg antibiotics or 800 mg/kg Actigen were added. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. On day 28, 10 piglets per treatment were selected to collect blood, small intestinal segments and mucosa samples. Intestinal morphology and goblet cell number were determined. Expression of tight junction proteins and Toll Like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling were detected. D-lactic acid (DLA) and inflammatory cytokines in serum were also measured. Actigen or antibiotics supplemented diets significantly reduced incidence of diarrhea, with no effect on growth performance. Intestinal morphology revealed that antibiotics significantly decreased, while Actigen markedly increased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. PAS staining demonstrated that the goblet cell number was markedly elevated in jejunum of the Actigen fed piglets. In addition, the expression of tight junction proteins was significantly decreased and increased by antibiotics and Actigen use, respectively. Accordingly, the intestinal permeability was elevated by antibiotics use, with the increased serum DLA. Furthermore, Actigen fed piglets had lower serum proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and higher serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In contrast, antibiotics use led to the increase of serum IL-1β. Moreover, the expression of TLR4, Myd88, and IKKβ phosphyorlation were enhanced by antibiotics use, suggesting the activation of TLR4 signaling pathway. However, Actigen supplemented diet had no effect on the TLR4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, compared with the control and antibiotics groups, Actigen supplemented diet had the similar or improved effects on growth performance, intestinal barrier functions and inflammation in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals 124 Impact of heat stress and antioxidant supplements in feed or drinking water on growth, intestinal morphology, and oxidative and immune status in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Ysenia Victoria Silva-Guillen ◽  
Gabriela E Martinez Padilla ◽  
Jeffrey Wiegert ◽  
Consuelo Arellano ◽  
R Dean Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of vitamin E (vitE) or polyphenols supplemented in feed or drinking water as a heat abatement strategy in growing pigs. Individually housed pigs (n = 128, 47.3 ± 5.0 kg BW) were assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2x4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments (thermo-neutral [21.2°C] or heat-stressed [30.9°C]) and 4 supplementation treatments (control diet [25 IU/kg dl-α-tocopherol acetate]; control+100 IU/L vitE [d-α-tocopherol] in water; control+200 IU/kg vitE [dl-α-tocopherol acetate] in feed; or control+400 mg/kg polyphenols in feed). Supplementation was started 7 d prior to temperature treatments applied for 28 d. Heat stress reduced (P ≤ 0.001) final BW, ADG, and ADFI (-7.4 kg, -26.7%, and -25.4%, respectively) and increased (P &lt; 0.001) respiration rate and rectal temperature, but no effects of supplementation were detected. Serum vitamin E concentration increased (P &lt; 0.001) with vitE supplementation (1.64, 3.59, 3.24, and 1.67 mg/kg for control, vitE in water, vitE in feed, and polyphenols, respectively) and was greater when supplemented in water vs. feed (P = 0.002), especially when measured on d 28 (chronic) vs. d 2 (acute) of heat stress. Liver vitamin E increased (P &lt; 0.001) with vitE supplementation, especially in water, but not polyphenols (3.9, 31.8, 18.0, 4.9 ppm for control, vitE in water, vitE in feed, and polyphenols, respectively). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for supplemented pigs compared to control, and heat stress reduced (P = 0.014) serum MDA on d 2, but not d 28. No differences were detected for intestinal morphology or MDA in mucosa of jejunum or ileum. Heat stress decreased (P &lt; 0.03) TNF-α in mucosa of ileum and jejunum, and supplementation reduced (P &lt; 0.05) TNF-α in mucosa of the ileum, but not jejunum. Heat stress markedly reduced performance of growing pigs, and supplementing antioxidants in feed or water was not effective in alleviating the impact of heat stress.

scholarly journals The Effect of Allicin on Innate Immune Genes of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Fall ◽  
Mahmoud Tanekhy
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Innate Immune Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

<p>Garlic is known to possess a vast variety of biological functions. It was reported to be ana a antimicrobial, antithrombotic, anticacer, antioxidant and could improve the immune-system as well as had the capacity to lower serum lipid and glucose levels. The impact of allicin on signaling pathways still needs to be investigated and reports about its effect on cytokine production are inconsistent. In the present study, we investigated the influence of allicin on several carp genes and checked the immediate response of these genes. Direct p-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, TLR3, and INF-α, INFγ1 was observed after stimulation of carp head kidney (HK) cells with allicin extract. These results strongly indicate that allicin is responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects. Further, the results suggest that there are potential therapeutic effects of allicin on chronic inflammatory diseases. These effects need more investigations in aquaculture industries.</p>

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