scholarly journals Protective Effect of Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Seed Oil on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Biochemical and Histological Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bouhrim ◽  
Noureddine Bencheikh ◽  
Hamada Imtara ◽  
Nour Elhouda Daoudi ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Opuntia Dillenii

Opuntia dillenii is a medicinal plant with frequent usage in folk medicine to treat many illnesses. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of Opuntia dillenii seed oil against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The animals (rats) were randomly divided into three groups (i) the normal control group treated only with distilled water (10 mL/kg), (ii) the gentamicin group treated with distilled water (10 mL/kg) and received an intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (80 mg/kg), and (iii) the group treated with the Opuntia dillenii seed oil (2 mL/kg) and also received an intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (80 mg/kg). The rats received their following treatments for 14 consecutive days orally. Serum urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, albumin, and electrolyte levels were quantified as the markers of acute renal and liver failure. Besides, the kidney and liver relative weight, kidney malondialdehydes, and kidney histological analysis were determined. The results have shown that daily pretreatment with Opuntia dillenii seed oil (2 mL/kg) prevented severe alterations of biochemical parameters and disruptions of kidney tissue structures. In addition, the results of the present study showed for the first time that Opuntia dillenii seed oil reduced renal toxicity in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Therefore, Opuntia dillenii seed oil may represent a new therapeutic avenue to preserve and protect renal function in gentamicin-treated patients.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE ROLE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AGAINST TRICHLOROACETATE-INDUCED TOXICITY IN LIVER OF MALE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Medhat Mostafa Abozid ◽  
Hoda Ea Farid
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

 Objective: The current study was designed to estimate the potential protective role of the aqueous extract of rosemary (AER) (Rosmarinus officinalis) against trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-created hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.Methods: Forty male albino rats were separated into four groups of ten: Group I served as control; Group II was given AER (200 mg/kg/day) by gavage; Group III received TCA at the dose 50 mg/kg/day, and Group V was treated with AER (200 mg/kg/day) and received TCA (50 mg/kg/day). The experiment was carried out for 2 months.Results: The toxicity of TCA for rats was revealed by an elevation in liver marker enzymes activities (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and conjugated bilirubin (CB) level, and a decrease in albumin and total protein (TP) levels. The TCA administration also caused a significant increase in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and also malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver tissues. These biochemical effects were accompanied by histological indicators of liver damage. Treatment with ARE recovered the liver damage instigated by TCA, as showed by perfection of liver enzyme markers (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP), CB, TP and albumin; as well as antioxidant parameters (CAT, SOD, GPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and amelioration of histopathology changes in the liver tissues.Conclusion: It could be concluded that AER supplementation for 2 months in TCA-induced toxicity in rats benefited hepatic antioxidant status and improved liver injury and damage in male albino rats exposed to TCA.

scholarly journals Roles of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract in Improving the Impact of High Dietary Intake of Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Liver Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Genotoxicity, DNA Damage, and PCNA Alterations in Male Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarfa Albrahim ◽  
Manal Abdulaziz Binobead
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
The Impact

It is common for food to be made more palatable through the use of the flavour enhancer monosodium glutamate, also known as vetsin powder. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to explore how vetsin-induced hepatic toxicity, DNA fragmentation, damage, and oxidative stress modifications could be mitigated with moringa leaf extract (MLE). To that end, 40 male rats were separated into four groups: normal control, positive control or MLE, vetsin, and vetsin combined with MLE. Results indicated that, compared to the control group, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), liver malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage, injury, PCNA, and P53 expressions were significantly enhanced by the administration of vetsin (P<0.05). However, the vetsin group had significantly reduced levels of albumin, globulin, total protein, liver glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities (P<0.05) by comparison to control. Meanwhile, modifications in liver functions, oxidative stress, DNA damage, liver injury, and PCNA expression were alleviated when vetsin was administered alongside MLE. The authors conclude that vetsin may have many side effects and that MLE can ameliorate biochemical changes, oxidative stress, hepatic injury, PCNA, and P53 alterations induced by vetsin administration.

scholarly journals Predictor factors for choledocholithiasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana TOZATTI ◽  
André Luiz Parizi MELLO ◽  
Orli FRAZON
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

BACKGROUND: The choledocolithiasis has an incidence of 8-20% in patients with cholecystolithiasis. The preoperative diagnosis guides the interventional treatment on the bile duct AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the laboratory markers and imaging studies for choledocholithiasis preoperatively. METHODS: The study comprised 254 patients divided into two groups: the control group (207 patients), patients without choledocholithiasis intraoperatively and cases group (47 patients), that enrolled the patients with choledocholithiasis intra-operatively. Were evaluated the laboratory markers, image exams and intra-operative diagnostic aspects. RESULTS: The sample was homogeneous for age and gender. It was observed that 47% of the cases the patients did not show comorbidities. Hospitalization showes in cases group acute pancreatitis in12.8%, jaundice in 30%, fever in 30% and pain in the right hypochondrium in 95%. By comparing them, was observed that fever and jaundice were the signs and symptoms with statistical significance. Patients with choledocholithiasis had transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and higher bilirubin with statistical significance (p<0.001). In regard to imaging studies, ultrasound was fairly accurate for cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Changes in canalicular and transaminase enzymes are suggestive for preoperative choledocholithiasis; GGT showed better sensitivity and alkaline phosphatase greater specificity; ultrasonography and nuclear magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed high specificity.

Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, offers protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olorunfemi R. Molehin ◽  
Anne A. Adeyanju ◽  
Stephen A. Adefegha ◽  
Oluwasanmi O. Aina ◽  
Blessing A. Afolabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

AbstractBackground:Elevation of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) activity converts cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to 5′-GMP, a mechanism that could be associated with drug-mediated hepatotoxicity. This study investigated whether selective inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil could offer protection against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Methods:CCl4(0.5 mL/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to induce hepatotoxicity. The control group received normal saline. Sildenafil (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to CCl4-treated rats.Results:CCl4significantly increased the serum levels of gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and reduced total protein (TP) (p<0.05). Pretreatment with sildenafil moderately reduced ALP, AST, and ALT activities with modest increase in TP level. CCl4-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the liver were significantly improved by sildenafil, especially at the lowest dose of 5 mg/kg by elevating the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and preventing lipid peroxidation (p<0.05). Sildenafil did not significantly alter the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly increased by sildenafil (p<0.05).Conclusions:The results from this study suggest that sildenafil, when used at low doses, may be a useful pharmacological protective agent against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Damage to proximal tubular epithelial cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimir Vlatkovic ◽  
Biljana Stojimirovic ◽  
Radmila Obrenovic ◽  
Spomenka Nogic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Introduction: Kidney damage from diabetes mellitus is called diabetic nephropathy. At the beginning it is a functional disorder, but later it results in an irreversible damage. The aim of this research was to establish damage to proximal tubular cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and various degrees of proteinuria by determining the urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucose-aminidase and g-glutamyl-transferase; to compare obtained results with the results in healthy examinees; to establish the correlation between these enzymes, and to investigate their sensitivity. Material and methods Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and creatinine clearence >80 ml/min were included in the research. Patients were divided into three groups, according to the degree of proteinuria. The first group included diabetics without microalbuminuria; the second - patients with proteinuria <300 mg/24h and microalbuminuria >20 mg/24h, and the third group included patients with proteinuria >300 mg/24h. Healthy examinees were the control group. Results: Values of the urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase activity were elevated before microalbuminuria was observed. The highest values were detected in the group of patients with microalbuminuria. Differences among the examined groups were statistically significant, which implies that this enzyme has a high diagnostic importance. Enzyme g-glutamyl-transferase was less sensitive in this research. The activity of this enzyme was increased only in the group of patients with proteinuria >300 mg/24h, where values increased with diabetes mellitus duration. Conclusion The increased activity of urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase points to early tubular damage, and can be used as a sensitive parameter in its early detection. On the other hand, gamma-glutamyl-transferase was a less sensitive damage indicator.

scholarly journals Comparison of adiponectin levels and some metabolic parameters in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6047-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
GULSAH AKGUL ◽  
ZAFER MECITOGLU ◽  
DUYGU UDUM KUCUKSEN ◽  
SEZGIN SENTURK
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, albumin, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), calcium, phosphorus and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels in healthy cows and cows suffering clinical or subclinical ketosis in the early postpartum period. A total of 45 Holstein-Fresian dairy cows, consisting of 15 with clinical ketosis, 15 with subclinical ketosis and 15 healthy controls, was used in the study. Selection of animals was based on blood BHBA levels and urine ketone strip results on day 7 after parturition. Blood adiponectin, NEFA, glucose, albumin, GGT, calcium, phosphorus and BUN were also measured on day 7 postpartum. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in both Clinical Ketosis and Subclinical Ketosis groups compared to the control group. NEFA levels were higher and glucose and calcium levels were lower in both ketosis groups when compared to the control animals. On the other hand, blood albumin, GGT, phosphorus and BUN levels did not differ among study groups. Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that adiponectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of ketosis. This role could be lower milk yield and better energy balance in early postpartum dairy cows with high adiponectin levels due to increased whole body tissue insulin sensitivity..

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Combination Commercial Black Seed Oil (Nigella sativa) and Honey Against Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Andri Muhrim Siddiq ◽  
Muhammad In'am Ilmiawan ◽  
Mitra Handini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Seed ◽  
Black Seed Oil

Background: The chemotherapeutic use of cisplatin (CP) is restricted because of its hepatotoxicity induced by oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a secondary product of lipid peroxidation as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Individual administration of black seed oil (BSO) or honey (H) demonstrated hepatoprotective effect in rats. Interaction of both substances when administrated as combination can be evaluated using combination index (CI) to quantitatively depict synergism (CI<1), additive (CI=1) and antagonism effect (CI>1). Objective: to know the combination effect of BSO and honey on rat liver tissue given CP exposure. Methods: This study used 30 rats were divided into 10 groups. Normal group (N); Negative control group (NC); P1-P4 groups were administerated BSO (1 and 2 mL/kg) and honey (3.7 and 7.4 mL/kg); P5-P8 groups were combination of BSO and H. P1-P8 groups were given BSO and honey orally for 21 days. On the 18th day, NC and P1-P8 groups were given CP 8 mg/kg intraperitoneally, while the N group was given NaCl 0.9% 1 mL/kg intraperitoneally. Result: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were found to be lower in P1-P8 groups compared to negative control group and P6 and P7 groups have levels equivalent to MDA levels of normal control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Combination of BSO and honey provides a protective effect on cisplatin-induced rat liver tissue damage indicated by reduced MDA levels, but all combination group showed antagonism effect.

scholarly journals Manganese Inhibits Indomethacin-Induced Hepatorenal Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Tijani Stephanie Abiola ◽  
Olori Ogaraya David ◽  
Farombi Ebenezer Olatunde
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aim: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element in many cellular processes. However, there is dearth of literature on its influence on indomethacin-induced hepatorenal damage. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of manganese on indomethacin-induced hepatorenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of eight rats consisting of control group, indomethacin (IND) alone (20 mg/kg), Mn alone (10 mg/kg) and co-treated group that were treated orally for 14 consecutive days. Twenty four hours after treatment, under pentobarbital anesthesia, blood was collected and liver was excised to prepare homogenate and histology staining. Liver and kidney function tests aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamine dehydrogenase (GLDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), bilirubin (BIL), urea, creatinine, cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), low and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL), electrolytes and oxidative stress superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) biomarkers were assessed. Results: The results showed that indomethacin caused hepatorenal damage in rats manifested with increase in serum hepatic and renal function biomarkers. But co-administration of IND with Mn significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of hepatorenal biomarkers. Additionally, co-administration of IND with Mn improved the antioxidant status with concomitant reduction of LPO and restored the integrity of the liver and kidney histologically. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize that co-administration of IND with Mn to rats alleviated IND-induced hepatorenal toxicities and oxidative stress in rats.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Serum Gamma Glutamyltransferase, 5’ Nucleotidase and Alkaline Phosphatase in Icteric and an-Icteric Biliary Disease Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Maninder Pal Singh Gill
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Biliary Disease ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Hepatobiliary Diseases ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Diagnostic Indicator

Introduction: Diagnostic enzymology plays a useful role in evaluation of various hepatobiliary diseases and numerous enzymes have been compared in different disorders. Among these, significance of Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and 5’ Nucleotidase over Alkaline Phosphatase has been stressed repeatedly, but mainly in the icteric obstructive biliary disease patients. In this study, these three enzymes were compared not only in the icteric but also the an-icteric biliary disease patients, particularly to look for elevation and significance of these enzymes in the latter group.Methods: The study was conducted on 50 biliary disease patients, who were further divided into an-icteric (32 patients) and icteric (18 patients) subgroups depending on their bilirubin levels. 50 subjects matched for age and sex with the study group were enrolled for the control group. Gamma Glutamyl Transferase, 5’Nucleotidase, Alkaline Phosphatase and bilirubin levels were evaluated in all the patients as well as the control subjects. Results: All three enzymes showed a significant rise in the icteric subgroup (p value < 0.001). However, in the an-icteric subgroup, only Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and 5’Nucleotidase showed a significant rise. The rise was more for Gamma Glutamyl Transferse (1.60 times normal, p < 0.001) as compared to 5’Nucleotidase (1.39 times normal, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and 5’Nucleotidase are useful for evaluation of not only obstructive biliary disease patients but also for the patients with biliary disease who are an-icteric, and out of these two, the former is a more valuable diagnostic indicator in such diseases

scholarly journals Enhanced Efficacy of Direct-Acting Antivirals in Hepatitis C Patients by Coadministration of Black Cumin and Ascorbate as Antioxidant Adjuvants

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Ahmed ◽  
Adeela Zahoor ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad Younus ◽  
Sadia Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Direct Acting

The widespread adaptation of a new generation of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) unveils a superlative effect in the eradication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, this therapy has been reported to exhibit vigorous side effects that pose a risk in fleet recovery. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of DAAs: sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV), along with black cumin (BLC) and ascorbate (ASC), as adjuvants on hematological parameters; oxidative stress markers such as total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione (GSH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and malondialdehyde (MDA); liver function markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); and viral load with determined genotypes. HCV-infected patients (n=30) were randomly divided into two equal groups: control group (n=15) and treatment group (n=15). The control group was subjected only to SOF and RBV (400 mg each/day). Synergistically, the treatment group was administered with adjuvant therapy of BLC (250 mg/day) and ASC (1000 mg/day) along with DAAs (400 mg each/day) for 8 weeks. All selected patients were subjected to sampling at pre- and posttreatment stages for the assessment of defined parameters. The data revealed that the BLC/ASC adjuvant therapy boosted the efficacy of DAAs by reducing the elevated levels of liver markers such as AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin in the treatment group compared with those in the control group (P>0.05). The adjuvant therapy synchronously showed an ameliorating effect on hematological parameters. The SOF/RBV with adjuvant therapy also demonstrated an increasing effect in the activity of SOD, TAS, and GSH and a decreasing effect for GSSG, GGT, and malondialdehyde (MDA; P>0.05) followed by curtailing a RT-PCR-quantified viral load. Our findings provide evidence that systemic administration of BLC/ASC efficiently alleviates hematological, serological, and antioxidant markers as well as the viral load in hepatitis C patients. This highlights a potentially novel role of BLC and ASC in palliating hepatitis C.

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