scholarly journals Reduction of Ascaridia galli Pathology by Salmonella typhimurium in Broiler Chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eric Igor Sop Foka ◽  
Cedric Yamssi ◽  
Ben Enyetornye ◽  
Christelle Noumedem Anangmo ◽  
Mpoame Mbida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Colonization Time

Previous studies have reported interactions between Salmonella spp. and some helminth coinfections. In this study, S. typhimurium and Ascaridia galli coinfections were analyzed, and the consequences on therapy were proposed. In a first experiment where the effect of the bacteria on the nematode was evaluated, thirty 42-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 3 groups and coinfected with both parasites. The rate of A. galli egg inoculum was kept constant at 500/ml while that of S. typhimurium varied as follows: T0 (500 A. galli eggs/ml), T104 (500 A. galli eggs/ml+104 S. typhimurium CFUs), and T106 (500 A. galli eggs/ml +106S. typhymurium CFUs). EPG and parasitic load were measured using the McMaster technic, and number of worms and their length were also measured. We observed that T106 containing 106 CFUs of Salmonella significantly reduced the EPG values, and this group recorded the lowest worm load ranging from 18 to 21 worms. Likewise, the length of the worms obtained with T104 and T106 appeared to be shorter than those of the control (T0). In a second experiment to assess the effects of the nematode on the bacteria, thirty 42-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 3 groups and coinfected with both parasites. The rate of S. typhimurium inoculum was kept constant at 106 CFUs while that of A. galli varied as follows: T0 (106CFUs), T500 (500 A. galli eggs/ml +106S. typhymurium CFUs), and T750 (750 A. galli eggs/ml +106S. typhymurium CFUs). Bacterial load was measured using Voogt technique. We observed that T500 increased the colonization time and prolonged the duration of S. typhimurium secretion. Salmonella appears to be a hyperparasite considering the deleterious effect on A. galli. Due to this, it may be prudent to combine anti-Salmonella treatment with anthelmintic so as to effectively treat pathologies caused by these two pathogens.

scholarly journals Influence of the nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” on the state of pathogenic and persistent factors of the joints of enteromicrobiocenosis of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Lysko Svetlana ◽  
Valentina Pleshakova ◽  
Nadegda Lescheva ◽  
Marina Zadorozhnaya ◽  
Tatyana Lorengel
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbon Microsphere ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The current development stage of the poultry industry is characterized by a rapid consolidation of the role of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. It was found that some phytopreparations have a diverse impact on the persistent characteristics of microorganisms. This work aims to study the influence of the nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” on the manifestation of pathogenic (hemolytic, adhesive, proteolytic, catalase activities) and persistent (antilysozyme, anti-complementary activities) characteristics of microorganisms isolated from broiler chickens. Studied were microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from samples of broiler chicken droppings. The nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” was prophylactically added to the diet of chickens. As a control, considered were cultures of microorganisms isolated from broiler chickens, who did not receive the preparation in the diet. It was established that 37.5% of E. coli cultures isolated from droppings of the control broiler group exhibit hemolytic activity, while E. coli isolates from the experimental group did not have this activity. The percentage of isolated cultures of microorganisms that showed adhesive, proteolytic and catalase activity was lower for broiler chickens of the experimental group compared to the control one. This tendency was observed when studying persistent factors, in particular, antilysozyme and anti-complementary characteristics. The nanophytopreparation “Betulin in carbon microsphere” can be applied not only to increase the general resistance of the poultry body but also to target the main types of microbiocenosis joints, reducing their pathogenic and persistent potential.

Colonization of Broiler Chicks by Salmonella Typhimurium Definitive Phage Type 104

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1698-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAULA J. FEDORKA-CRAY ◽  
SCOTT R. LADELY ◽  
J. STAN BAILEY ◽  
NORMAN J. STERN
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Salmonella Senftenberg ◽  
Over Time

The prevalence of an antibiotic-resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) has increased dramatically in recent years resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in both animals and humans. Colonization and shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was studied in broiler chickens in two trials. In trial 1, 180 day-of-hatch chicks (n = 60 per group, n = 30 per replicate) were challenged with 106 CFU DT104 (wild-type isolate from poultry) or were commingled with a seeder chick challenged with 106 CFU DT104. In trial 2, 360 day-of-hatch chicks (n = 120 per treatment, n = 30 per rep) were divided into three groups. Chicks in the susceptible group were commingled with two seeder chicks that were orally challenged with 107 CFU/bird of a pan-sensitive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Chicks in the resistant group were commingled with two seeder chicks that were orally challenged with 107 CFU/bird DT104 used in trial 1. For both trials, a control group was not exposed to DT104, composite fecal samples were evaluated twice weekly for levels of Salmonella shedding and 20 chicks per group were necropsied weekly and their cecal contents were cultured. At hatch all groups were colonized with naturally occurring Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Mbandaka (trial 1) or Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Ohio (trial 2) prior to exposure to DT104. Throughout the study, the level of Salmonella spp. shedding in feces (trial 1 means 3.1, 2.9, and 3.0 log10 CFU per g feces for challenged, seeder, and control groups, respectively) or ceca (trial 2 means 2.9, 2.9, and 2.5 log10 CFU per g ceca for resistant, susceptible, and control groups, respectively)did not differ among groups. In trial 1, colonization of DT104 remained constant at higher levels in the challenged group (mean 87%, P < 0.01), increased over time in the seeder group (10 to 50%, P < 0.02) and was not recovered from the control chicks. Salmonella Mbandaka colonization remained steady within each group with challenge and seeder groups maintaining higher levels of colonization than the control group. Salmonella Senftenberg colonization levels tended to decline (P = .058) over time in the challenged group (20 to 0%) and significantly decreased (P < 0.01) over time for both the seeder (80 to 0%) and control chicks (85 to 10%). In trial 2, the percentage of chicks colonized with susceptible DT104 declined (r = 0.90, P < 0.05) over the course of the trial from 45 to 0%, while recovery of the resistant DT104 persisted at a mean percentage of 27%. DT104 was not recovered from the control chicks. Salmonella Ohio colonization levels tended to decline (r = 0.79, P > 0.05) over time in the control group (75 to 20%) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) over time in both susceptible and resistant groups (40 to 10%, r = 0.82 and 55 to 5%, r = 0.85, respectively). Salmonella Senftenberg was recovered from the control group at low frequency throughout the trial and was not recovered from the other groups. For either trial, no apparent affect on morbidity or mortality was observed. Introduction of DT104 by commingling may induce colonization resulting in persistent high levels of shedding in flocks simultaneously with other Salmonella species.

Bacterial Contamination of Broiler Chickens before Scalding

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1326-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHRYN L. KOTULA ◽  
YOGA PANDYA
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Mean

The bacterial load on the feathers (breast, thigh, and drum), skin (breast, thigh, and drum), and feet of a total of 40 broiler chickens from four different production units was characterized after the chickens were exsanguinated but before the carcasses were scalded. Each broiler carcass contained a mean of aerobic bacteria at or near 8log10/g, a level at which the carcasses would be considered spoiled. Escherichia coli counts ranged from 6.3 to 8.0 log10/g, with the highest presence on the feathers and breast skin and lower levels on the thigh and drum skin, and feet. Contamination of the carcasses followed a similar pattern for Salmonella spp., which ranged between 5.8 and 7.2 log10/g, and Campylobacter jejuni/coli which ranged between 6.1 and 7.5 log10/g. The incidence of potential pathogens was higher on the feathers, breast skin, and feet than on the thigh and drum skin. The incidence of E. coli ranged from 42.5 to 100%, Salmonella spp. ranged from 27.5 to 75%, and C. jejuni/coli ranged from 45 to 82.5%. The mean counts of microorganisms on broilers from the four different grow-out farms were significantly different (P > 0.05) from one another immediately after killing, although the magnitude of the differences was small in most cases. The means ranged from 7.3 to 8.0 log10/g for total colony-forming units (CFU), 6.7 to 7.6 log10/g for E. coli, 5.4 to 6.9 for Salmonella spp., and 5.7 to 7.9 for C. jejuni/coli. All birds were contaminated with E. coli, 60 to 100% with Salmonella spp., and 80 to 100% with C. jejuni/coli, depending on grow-out farm. C. jejuni/coli counts and incidences were higher than those of Salmonella spp., and usually lower than those of E. coli. This research demonstrates that broilers entering the processing plant are highly contaminated. Although processing seems to decrease the number and incidence of microorganisms on the carcasses, additional modifications in production, transportation, and processing are warranted to reduce the microbial population on the birds before they are slaughtered.

Kualitas Fisik Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Minyak Buah Merah dalam Pakan Komersial

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Ollong ◽  
Rizki Arizona ◽  
Rusli Badaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak buah merah (MBM) pada pakan terhadap kualitas fisik daging ayam broiler. Seratus ekor ayam broiler umur sehari (DOC) ditempatkan pada lima kelompok perlakuan pakan yang berbeda, yaitu: P1 (pakan kontrol/tanpa penambahan minyak), P2 (2% MBM), P3 (4% MBM), P4 (6% MBM) dan P5 (6% Minyak kelapa sawit). Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan masing-masing dengan lima ekor. Ayam broiler dipelihara selama 35 hari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan analisis variansi pola searah dan diuji lanjut dengan Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variable yang diamati menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap perlakuan yang diberikan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan minyak buah merah (MBM) dalam pakan mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap pH Daging, Daya Ikat Air (DIA), susut masak dan keempukan daging ayam broiler.Kata kunci : daging ayam broiler, daya ikat air, keempukan daging, pH daging, susut masakABSTRACT The experiment was conducted to study the effect of red fruit oil (RFO) onphysical quality  of broiler chicken. One hundred day old chicken (DOC) were placed in four groups of different treatments, of from levels of RFO (P1 (diet without addition of RFO), P2 (2% RFO), P3 (4% RFO) and P4 (6% RFO) and P5 (6% Palm oil)). The treatment group consisted of fivereplications with five birds each. Broiler chickens were reared for 35 days. Statistical analysis used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the pH value, moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss was significant differences. It could be concluded that the addition of red fruit oil in the diet give effect  of broiler chicken meat.Keywords: broiler meat, cooking loss, moisture content, pH value, water holding capacity

Antimicrobial Activity of N-Halamine–Coated Materials in Broiler Chicken Houses

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Ren ◽  
Mingyu Qiao ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jean Weese ◽  
Tung-Shi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Coated Materials ◽  
Metal Aluminum ◽  
Broiler House

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial activity of 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazoidinone (MC), a nonbleaching N-halamine compound, was investigated on materials commonly used in broiler production, including stainless steel, galvanized metal, aluminum, plastic, and pressure-treated wood. MC aqueous solutions at 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06% were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni at 6 log CFU/mL, resulting in complete inactivation of both bacteria in 30 min with 0.06% MC. Follow-up experiments were performed using test materials treated with 0.1 and 1% MC and challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium and C. jejuni at 6 log CFU per coupon. Stability of MC on the various surfaces of testing materials was assessed, and the chlorine content of the materials was measured using iodometric thiosulfate titration over a 4-week period. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by a sandwich test on each sampling day during 4 weeks of storage. On the samples treated with 1% MC, bacteria at 6 log CFU per coupon were completely inactivated within 2 h of contact time. The antimicrobial activity extended to 4 weeks, and the active chlorine atoms in the treated materials decreased from the initial 1016 to 1015 atoms per cm2. Overall, MC had high stability and long-lasting antimicrobial activity, which suggests that MC has high potential for use as a novel antimicrobial agent to lower the microbial load on broiler house materials.

POTATO WASTE MEAL. II. THE NUTRITIVE VALUE AND QUALITY FOR BROILER CHICKEN

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
C. G. ZARKADAS
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Potato Waste ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Two experiments were carried out to ascertain the nutritional value of potato waste meal (PW) as a replacement for corn in practical poultry diets using 320 male and 320 female Cobb chicks fed from 1-day-old to 46 days (exp. 1) and 49 days (exp. 2) a basal cereal-based diet containing soybean and fishmeals or test diets each containing 50 g, 100 g, 150 g, 200 g and 300 g PW/kg. In both experiments, the diets were analyzed for elemental and amino acid composition, and the growth responses on the test diets were evaluated individually over a period of 28 days and 46 days or 49 days of ad libitum feeding. Although PW appeared limiting with respect to methionine and cystine, arginine and the aromatic amino acids, it was found that upon supplementation with methionine (0.5 g/kg), the test mixtures exhibited a synergistic effect compared with controls, and that this potato byproduct can be considered a good substitute ingredient for a proportion (200 g/kg) of the ground corn in a practical diet for broiler chickens. Feeding PW at a rate of up to 200 g/kg resulted in optimum biological response and monetary returns. The inclusion of up to 300 g/kg PW in the diets did not increase wetness of the litter or hardness of pellets, two factors reported earlier which could limit the use of PW in animal diets. Key words: Potato waste, nutritive value, broiler chicken

In vitro effect of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on the expression of interleukin 5 and interferon-gamma in broiler chicken lymphocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lautert ◽  
L. Ferreiro ◽  
M.I. Azevedo ◽  
S.A. Botton ◽  
J.T. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Vitro Effect

Cytokines are proteins secreted by cells of innate and acquired immunity, produced in response to various antigens and responsible for mediating several function of these cells. Our study evaluated the profile of cytokines interleukin 5 (IL-5) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), induced in lymphocytes of broiler chickens in response to secondary fungal metabolites ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml. The quantification of the cytokines was analysed at 24, 48 and 72 h after incubation with mycotoxins, using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results obtained showed that OTA induced mRNA synthesis of IL-5 at concentrations 0.001, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml after 24 h of lymphocyte incubation, while at 48 h only the expression of the IL-5 cytokine at a concentration of 1 μg/ml (P<0.05) was detected. DON in a concentration of 1 μg/ml induced the expression of IL-5 in the lymphocytes only at 48 h post-incubation period (P<0.05). Regarding IFN-γ, gene expression was not observed in the lymphocytes of broiler chickens incubated with OTA and DON. The data obtained represent a profile of response mediated by T helper 2 cells to the exposure of broiler chicken immune cells to different concentrations of OTA and DON.

scholarly journals Multiplex PCR for the concurrent detection and differentiation of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai Fung Pui ◽  
Woan Chwen Wong ◽  
Lay Ching Chai ◽  
Hai Yen Lee ◽  
Ahmad Noorlis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Incidence of Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in Poultry Carcasses and Different Types of Poultry Products for Sale on the Belgian Retail Market

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. UYTTENDAELE ◽  
P. DE TROY ◽  
J. DEBEVERE
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Poultry Products

From January 1997 to May 1998, 772 samples of poultry carcasses and poultry products for sale on the retail market in Belgium were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes per 100 cm2 or 25 g. Poultry samples were contaminated with Salmonella (36.5%), C. jejuni and C. coli (28.5%), and L. monocytogenes (38.2%). In about 12.3% of the poultry samples, the L. monocytogenes contamination level exceeded 1 CFU per g or cm2. Significant differences in pathogen contamination rates of poultry products were noticed between the poultry products originating from Belgian, French, and U.K. abattoirs. Poultry products derived from broiler chickens running free in pine woods until slaughtering age (12 to 13 weeks) had a significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower contamination rate of Salmonella than poultry products from enclosed broilers slaughtered at the age of 6 to 8 weeks. A significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower pathogen contamination rate was noted for Salmonella, C. jejuni, and C. coli for poultry cuts without skin compared to poultry cuts with skin on. An increase in pathogen contamination rate was noticed during cutting and further processing. To diminish C. jejuni, C. coli, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes contamination rates, hygienic rules of slaughter and meat processing must be rigorously observed. At the moment, zero tolerance for these pathogens is not feasible, and there is a need to establish criteria allowing these pathogens to be present at reasonable levels in the examined poultry samples.

scholarly journals Effects of feed restriction on metabolic disorders in broiler chickens: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sahraei
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

Continuous genetic selection and improvement in nutrition have led to a very fast growth rate in modern strains of broiler chickens. Metabolic disorders such as ascits, sudden death syndrome and leg problems are related to a rapid early growth rate in poultry, especially in broilers, and their incidence can be decreased by slowing early growth. The use of management tools to reduce metabolic disorders that rely primarily on decreasing feed consumption, The feed restriction programs is on of the main techniques in growth curve manipulation for increasing production efficiency in broiler chicken in alleviate the incidence of some metabolic disorders and can be used to reduction the unfavorable effects of fast growth rate in broiler chicken production industry, and could be profitable in broiler chickens production efficiency. This article implicated on new findings in about different feed restriction programs effects on these problems in broiler chickens.

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