scholarly journals Latest Updates on the Advancement of Polymer-Based Biomicroelectromechanical Systems for Animal Cell Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Ricardo Garcia-Ramirez ◽  
Ana S. Cerda-Kipper ◽  
Damaris Alvarez ◽  
Sofia Reveles-Huizar ◽  
Jorge A. Garza-Abdala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Separation Cell

Biological sciences have reached the fundamental unit of life: the cell. Ever-growing field of Biological Microelectromechanical Systems (BioMEMSs) is providing new frontiers in both fundamental cell research and various practical applications in cell-related studies. Among various functions of BioMEMS devices, some of the most fundamental processes that can be carried out in such platforms include cell sorting, cell separation, cell isolation or trapping, cell pairing, cell-cell communication, cell differentiation, cell identification, and cell culture. In this article, we review each mentioned application in great details highlighting the latest advancements in fabrication strategy, mechanism of operation, and application of these tools. Moreover, the review article covers the shortcomings of each specific application which can open windows of opportunity for improvement of these devices.

scholarly journals Ring-Forming Polymerization toward Perfluorocyclobutyl and Ortho-Diynylarene-Derived Materials: From Synthesis to Practical Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1486
Author(s):  
Eugene B. Caldona ◽  
Ernesto I. Borrego ◽  
Ketki E. Shelar ◽  
Karl M. Mukeba ◽  
Dennis W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
The Cost

Many desirable characteristics of polymers arise from the method of polymerization and structural features of their repeat units, which typically are responsible for the polymer’s performance at the cost of processability. While linear alternatives are popular, polymers composed of cyclic repeat units across their backbones have generally been shown to exhibit higher optical transparency, lower water absorption, and higher glass transition temperatures. These specifically include polymers built with either substituted alicyclic structures or aromatic rings, or both. In this review article, we highlight two useful ring-forming polymer groups, perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers and ortho-diynylarene- (ODA) based thermosets, both demonstrating outstanding thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical integrity, and improved processability. Different synthetic routes (with emphasis on ring-forming polymerization) and properties for these polymers are discussed, followed by their relevant applications in a wide range of aspects.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF MICROBES IN AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
MARIA KALSOOM ◽  
FAZAL UR REHMAN ◽  
TALHA SHAFIQUE ◽  
SANWAL JUNAID ◽  
NIMRA KHALID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Biotechnology is the most prominent and rapidly growing segment of the biological sciences that is making its diversified application in sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers, biopesticides, bioherbicides, bioinsecticides, and many of the other fungal based and viral based insecticides, obtained using microorganisms, are some of the outcomes of biotechnology playing a key role in sustainable agriculture. Many of other important food products are also obtained by microbial fermentation. Different microbes are added to get the desired effect of food at the specific stages of food production process. Pharmaceutical microbiology includes the manufacturing of different pharmaceutical and medicinal products. This review article has a wide overview of microbes mainly used in agriculture, food industries, and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Towards Portable Nanophotonic Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Shakoor ◽  
James Grant ◽  
Marco Grande ◽  
David. R. S. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Readout System ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Strong Candidate

A range of nanophotonic sensors composed of different materials and device configurations have been developed over the past two decades. These sensors have achieved high performance in terms of sensitivity and detection limit. The size of onchip nanophotonic sensors is also small and they are regarded as a strong candidate to provide the next generation sensors for a range of applications including chemical and biosensing for point-of-care diagnostics. However, the apparatus used to perform measurements of nanophotonic sensor chips is bulky, expensive and requires experts to operate them. Thus, although integrated nanophotonic sensors have shown high performance and are compact themselves their practical applications are limited by the lack of a compact readout system required for their measurements. To achieve the aim of using nanophotonic sensors in daily life it is important to develop nanophotonic sensors which are not only themselves small, but their readout system is also portable, compact and easy to operate. Recognizing the need to develop compact readout systems for onchip nanophotonic sensors, different groups around the globe have started to put efforts in this direction. This review article discusses different works carried out to develop integrated nanophotonic sensors with compact readout systems, which are divided into two categories; onchip nanophotonic sensors with monolithically integrated readout and onchip nanophotonic sensors with separate but compact readout systems.

Microfluidics and cancer analysis: cell separation, cell/tissue culture, cell mechanics, and integrated analysis systems

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Mechanics ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Tissue Culture Cell ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Separation Cell ◽  
Cancer Studies

Among the growing number of tools available for cancer studies, microfluidic systems have emerged as a promising analytical tool to elucidate cancer cell and tumor function.

scholarly journals An Update on the Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Plasmodesmata: A Focus on Formins

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Diao ◽  
Shanjin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Shed Light

Cell-to-cell communication in plants is mediated by plasmodesmata (PD) whose permeability is tightly regulated during plant growth and development. The actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in regulating the permeability of PD, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Recent characterization of PD-localized formin proteins has shed light on the role and mechanism of action of actin in regulating PD-mediated intercellular trafficking. In this mini-review article, we will describe the progress in this area.

scholarly journals A Numerical Simulation of Cell Separation by Simplified Asymmetric Pinched Flow Fractionation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Tao Ma ◽  
Yuan-Qing Xu ◽  
Xiao-Ying Tang
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Flow Cells ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Sorting Technique ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Boltzmann Method

As a typical microfluidic cell sorting technique, the size-dependent cell sorting has attracted much interest in recent years. In this paper, a size-dependent cell sorting scheme is presented based on a controllable asymmetric pinched flow by employing an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). The geometry of channels consists of 2 upstream branches, 1 transitional channel, and 4 downstream branches (D-branches). Simulations are conducted by varying inlet flow ratio, the cell size, and the ratio of flux of outlet 4 to the total flux. It is found that, after being randomly released in one upstream branch, the cells are aligned in a line close to one sidewall of the transitional channel due to the hydrodynamic forces of the asymmetric pinched flow. Cells with different sizes can be fed into different downstream D-branches just by regulating the flux of one D-branch. A principle governing D-branch choice of a cell is obtained, with which a series of numerical cases are performed to sort the cell mixture involving two, three, or four classes of diameters. Results show that, for each case, an adaptive regulating flux can be determined to sort the cell mixture effectively.

scholarly journals A Review of Fast Bubble-Driven Micromotors Powered by Biocompatible Fuel: Low-Concentration Fuel, Bioactive Fluid and Enzyme

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingjia Chi ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Feifei Tian ◽  
Ji’an You ◽  
Shuang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Recoil Effect ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Micromotors are extensively applied in various fields, including cell separation, drug delivery and environmental protection. Micromotors with high speed and good biocompatibility are highly desirable. Bubble-driven micromotors, propelled by the recoil effect of bubbles ejection, show good performance of motility. The toxicity of concentrated hydrogen peroxide hampers their practical applications in many fields, especially biomedical ones. In this paper, the latest progress was reviewed in terms of constructing fast, bubble-driven micromotors which use biocompatible fuels, including low-concentration fuels, bioactive fluids, and enzymes. The geometry of spherical and tubular micromotors could be optimized to acquire good motility using a low-concentration fuel. Moreover, magnesium- and aluminum-incorporated micromotors move rapidly in water if the passivation layer is cleared in the reaction process. Metal micromotors demonstrate perfect motility in native acid without any external chemical fuel. Several kinds of enzymes, including catalase, glucose oxidase, and ureases were investigated to serve as an alternative to conventional catalysts. They can propel micromotors in dilute peroxide or in the absence of peroxide.

scholarly journals Application and utility of alternative methods in isolation of pure cells from forensic biological mixtures in modern-day: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 041-047
Author(s):  
Prajapati Suneel ◽  
Rajmane Poonam ◽  
Jayakrishna P ◽  
Nair Maya S ◽  
Kshirsagar Priyanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Cell Separation ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Biological Mixtures ◽  
Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting

Development of genetic profiles from the biological mixtures has remained challenging, although modern-day technologies may help forensic scientists to attain a reliable genetic profile in the identification of the accused. In the case of rape, vaginal swab exhibits usually contain epithelial cells of victims and sperm cells of accused, such samples are more challenging when there is more than one contributor. In such cases, separation of distinct cells from a mixture that includes blood cells, epithelial cells and sperm cells for their single genetic profile is important. In the last ten decades several new techniques were developed and invented for the separation of single cell from the biological mixture that includes differential lysis, laser micro-dissection, cell sorting (FACS), sieve-based filtration, (vi) micro-fluidic devices or immunomagnetic beads cell separation of fresh samples, and the magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Out of them, some techniques have been commonly applied for cell separation in forensic biology. Each technique has its own limitation. Some recent studies showed, magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS), laser capture microdissection (LCM), DEPArray technology and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) has proved to be effective in separation of single cell from cell mixtures. Therefore, in this review we have evaluated these four alternative methods and their potential application in the modern-day over the others for the separation of a single cell from the mixture. In this review we also discuss the advantage of these methods and their modern–day applicability and acceptance in the forensic world.

Proximal to distal cell communication in the Drosophila leg provides a basis for an intercalary mechanism of limb patterning

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (15) ◽  
pp. 3407-3413 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Goto ◽  
S. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Limb Patterning ◽  
Circular Pattern ◽  
Compartment Boundary ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Circular Arrangement ◽  
Distal Cell ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Proximodistal patterning in the Drosophila leg is elaborated from the circular arrangement of the proximal domain expressing escargot and homothorax, and the distal domain expressing Distal-less that are allocated during embryogenesis. The distal domain differentiates multiply segmented distal appendages by activating additional genes such as dachshund. Secreted signaling molecules Wingless and Decapentaplegic, expressed along the anterior-posterior compartment boundary, are required for activation of Distal-less and dachshund and repression of homothorax in the distal domain. However, whether Wingless and Decapentaplegic are sufficient for the circular pattern of gene expression is not known. Here we show that a proximal gene escargot and its activator homothorax regulate proximodistal patterning in the distal domain. Clones of cells expressing escargot or homothorax placed in the distal domain induce intercalary expression of dachshund in surrounding cells and reorient planar cell polarity of those cells. Escargot and homothorax-expressing cells also sort out from other cells in the distal domain. We suggest that inductive cell communication between the proximodistal domains, which is maintained in part by a cell-sorting mechanism, is the cellular basis for an intercalary mechanism of the proximodistal axis patterning of the limb.

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