scholarly journals Aspergillosis in domestic and wild birds from Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. e152460
Author(s):  
Romina Della Vedova ◽  
Alejandra Hevia ◽  
Walter Vivot ◽  
Julián Fernández ◽  
Susana Beatriz Córdoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Buenos Aires Province

Aspergillus species are widely distributed throughout the world and can develop parasitic and saprophytic ways of life, allowing Aspergillus to infect living hosts, including plants, insects, birds and mammals. The most common form of aspergillosis in poultry and other birds is respiratory infection. Clinical manifestations depend on the infective dose, pre-existing diseases, and the immune response of the host. The aim of the present research was to study aspergillosis in domestic and wild birds from Argentina. We carried out morphological and molecular identification, and determination of antifungal susceptibility against seven antifungal drugs. Six birds from different cities of Buenos Aires Province of Argentina were studied. Three of the samples belonged to broiler chicks, while the other three belonged to an eagle, a pheasant, and a kelp gull. Two isolates were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus by morphological characteristics and growth at 50 °C. Morphology and BenA sequencing enabled us to identify three isolates as Aspergillus flavus, and one as Aspergillus sydowii. All antifungal drugs tested showed low MIC values, ranging from 0.008 to 1 mg/L. Aspergillosis in birds causes high economic losses and could be controlled by sanitation, avoidance of moldy food, nest and litter and reducing stress factors.

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Techniques for the Diagnostic of Brucellosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-386
Author(s):  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Amir Ullah ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Fazal Mehmood Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Malta Fever ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

Brucellosis is known as undulant fever or Malta fever, caused by the genus Brucella. It is the most common human zoonosis. The disease is worldwide distributed and causes significant economic losses. In animals, it causes abortion, reduction in milk production, and infertility. While brucellosis in humans is a debilitating disease with various clinical manifestations that may lead to death in some cases. Control of disease in animals needs proper diagnosis, permanent monitoring of brucellosis-free herds, and removal of infected animals. The current review will discuss the serological and molecular techniques daily used for the determination of brucellosis in animals and humans.  

scholarly journals Algorithm of morphological assessment for predicting clinical course of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-522
Author(s):  
O B Abdurakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma

Aim. To determine the association between morphological characteristics of tumor growth and clinical manifestations of progression. Methods. The study included 118 patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma who were examined and treated at the department of head and neck cancer of Cancer Research Center of Uzbekistan from 2003 to 2013. The main group included 69 patients with primary nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, control group - 49 patients with relapsing tumors who underwent surgery. Standard histological examination was performed in all patients. The algorithm for determination of morphological changes degree was developed based on approach proposed by K.M. Mardaleyshvili (1985), which was modified by authors. Results. Seven most important morphological features of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were outlined. On this basis, we proposed to determine the degree of morphological changes for the prediction and treatment monitoring, which is a graded scale for the signs in each of the seven groups. In the main group of patients with cell type of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma growth, the scores ranged from 10 to 13, marking the 1st degree of morphological changes. Patients with vascular fibrous type of tumor growth had 18-19 points, which corresponds to the 2nd degree of morphological changes in the tumor. Tumor samples of patients with vascular fibrous type of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma had the most evident morphological changes in the tumor tissue, which corresponded to 3rd degrees with the scores reaching 28. Conclusion. The proposed algorithm for determining the grade of morphological characteristics may be used for determining the treatment tactics and monitoring the tumor growth in patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, as well as the prognostic factor.

scholarly journals Clinical and morphological characteristics of COVID-19-associated myocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Kogan ◽  
A D Kukleva ◽  
O V Blagova ◽  
Y U S Berezovskij
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Myocardial Tissue ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Chronic Myocarditis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cd 68 ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Abstract Background COVID-19 is accompanied by the development of a wide range of cardiovascular lesions. The goal: to study the clinical and morphological features of SARS-CoV-2-associated myocarditis (SCM), determining the presence of viral RNA and proteins in myocardial tissue. Methods The study was based on 32 autopsies with a confirmed diagnosis of myocarditis. The average age of the patients was 72.7±15.5 years. Men predominated in the group (53%). The immunohistochemical determination of the surface markers of CD45, CD3, CD20, CD 68 inflammatory infiltrates and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike protein has been done. Detection of coronavirus RNA was performed. Results The clinical manifestations SCM included heart failure and variety of rhythm disturbances. Increased level of anticardiac antibodies was detected. Lymphomacrophage infiltrates (more than 7 CD3+ T-lymphocytes, more than 14 CD45+ lymphocytes and more than 7 CD68+ macrophages per 1 mm2) were found in 100% of cases. RNA of the virus was detected in myocardial tissue. Virus proteins were identified in macrophages of the inflammatory infiltrate and cardiomyocytes. Conclusion The results suggest persistence of the virus in the myocardium and the development of chronic myocarditis. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research

A study on the antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes isolated in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
pp. 5379
Author(s):  
Vanathi Sabtharishi* ◽  
Radhika Katragadda ◽  
Thyagarajan Ravinder
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Superficial Mycosis ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Common Infections

Recent years, due to increased usage of antifungal treatment worldwide, there is an increased chance of rising resistance among antifungal drugs too. Dermatophytic infections causes’ superficial mycosis and it affects skin, hair and nail. These infections are more common and antifungal drugs are used everywhere to treat those common infections. To conduct a study by determining the antifungal susceptibility pattern in dermatophytic isolates from patients attending dermatology OPD in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 217 samples like hair, nail and skin scrapings were obtained and isolation of dermatophytes was done. Antifungal susceptibility testing for dermatophytes was performed by micro broth dilution method. Antifungal drugs tested were Griseofulvin, Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Ketoconazole. Minimum inhibitory concentration for each drug for fungal isolates was tested and results studied. Fluconazole showed a higher MIC values in the range of 1-8µg/ml. Itraconazole showed the lowest MIC values by micro broth dilution method. Since there is limitation of standard guidelines and protocol, meticulous research must be conducted on effect of antifungals and derive at universally implementable guidelines.

scholarly journals Characterization of a new natural fiber extracted from Corypha taliera fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Ahmed Tamanna ◽  
Shah Alimuzzaman Belal ◽  
Mohammad Abul Hasan Shibly ◽  
Ayub Nabi Khan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Potential Alternative

AbstractThis study deals with the determination of new natural fibers extracted from the Corypha taliera fruit (CTF) and its characteristics were reported for the potential alternative of harmful synthetic fiber. The physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics were investigated for CTF fibers. X-ray diffraction and chemical composition characterization ensured a higher amount of cellulose (55.1 wt%) content and crystallinity (62.5%) in the CTF fiber. The FTIR analysis ensured the different functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin present in the fiber. The Scherrer’s equation was used to determine crystallite size 1.45 nm. The mean diameter, specific density, and linear density of the CTF fiber were found (average) 131 μm, 0.86 g/cc, and 43 Tex, respectively. The maximum tensile strength was obtained 53.55 MPa for GL 20 mm and Young’s modulus 572.21 MPa for GL 30 mm. The required energy at break was recorded during the tensile strength experiment from the tensile strength tester and the average values for GL 20 mm and GL 30 mm are 0.05381 J and 0.08968 J, respectively. The thermal analysis ensured the thermal sustainability of CTF fiber up to 230 °C. Entirely the aforementioned outcomes ensured that the new CTF fiber is the expected reinforcement to the fiber-reinforced composite materials.

scholarly journals Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019–2020

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Eun-Jee Na ◽  
Young-Sik Kim ◽  
Sook-Young Lee ◽  
Yoon-Ji Kim ◽  
Jun-Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Basic Amino Acid ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Fresh avian fecal samples (3256) were collected by active monitoring of 11 wild bird habitats. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified. All AIV hosts were Anseriformes species. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. None of infected mice showed clinical sign and histopathological change in the lung. In addition, viral antigens were not detected in lungs of all mice at 14 dpi. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
Átilla Holanda de Albuquerque ◽  
Régis Siqueira de Castro Teixeira ◽  
Débora Nishi Machado ◽  
Elisângela De Souza Lopes ◽  
Ruben Horn Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples

Several cases of animal and human salmonellosis caused by the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium have been reported. In animals, subclinical infection favors pathogen dissemination through feces. In this context, the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) with an asymptomatic condition may play an important role in the transmission of salmonellosis, through the elimination of contaminated feces in commercial aviaries or in poultry feed facilities, causing economic losses to the poultry industry and presenting a risk to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the mortality, clinical signs and the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium in the feces and organs of chicks previously inoculated with bacteria isolated from a pigeon. One-day-old chicks were distributed in two experimental groups (G1 and G2) of 32 birds each, and a control group of six birds. Two inocula of 0.4 and 0.7 mL with 105 and 106 colony forming units were used in G1 and G2 birds, respectively. At 1, 4, 7 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) fecal samples were pooled from each cage and individual cloacal swabs were collected. At 14 dpi, all chicks were euthanized and samples were collected from the liver, spleen, lung, cecum and intestine for microbiological analysis. Mortality was only observed among G2 birds (6.25%). Most birds presented clinical signs of diarrhea at 4 dpi and no symptom as observed at 14 dpi. The results from cloacal swabs demonstrated bacterial elimination in 68.8% and 53.1% of G2 and G1 birds, respectively at 1 dpi. Additionally, fecal samples had elevated bacterial shedding in all four periods of observation , with a higher excretion at 4 dpi (62.5%) for both groups. Among G2 birds, 74.2% were positive for the pathogen in the intestine; G1 birds presented the lowest rate of lung infection (29%), and both groups had more than 50% positivity for liver and caeca. The results revealed that infected chicks with a Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from pigeons may host the pathogen in several organs, and simultaneously present diarrheic disorders with significant levels of bacterial excretion in feces.

scholarly journals Spectrum and theIn VitroAntifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Yeast Isolates in Ethiopian HIV Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhan Moges ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Aster Shewaamare
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Background.In Ethiopia, little is known regarding the distribution and thein vitroantifungal susceptibility profile of yeasts.Objective.This study was undertaken to determine the spectrum and thein vitroantifungal susceptibility pattern of yeasts isolated from HIV infected patients with OPC.Method.Oral pharyngeal swabs taken from oral lesions of study subjects were inoculated onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Yeasts were identified by employing conventional test procedures and the susceptibility of yeasts to antifungal agents was evaluated by disk diffusion assay method.Result.One hundred and fifty-five yeast isolates were recovered of which 91 isolates were from patients that were not under HAART and 64 were from patients that were under HAART.C. albicanswas the most frequently isolated species followed byC. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. kefyr, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Rhodotorulaspecies. Irrespective of yeasts isolated and identified, 5.8%, 5.8%, 12.3%, 8.4%, 0.6%, and 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and nystatin, respectively.Conclusion.Yeast colonization rate of 69.2% and 31% resistance to six antifungal agents was documented. These highlight the need for nationwide study on the epidemiology of OPC and resistance to antifungal drugs.

scholarly journals Recent Exposure to Caspofungin or Fluconazole Influences the Epidemiology of Candidemia: a Prospective Multicenter Study Involving 2,441 Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Lortholary ◽  
Marie Desnos-Ollivier ◽  
Karine Sitbon ◽  
Arnaud Fontanet ◽  
Stéphane Bretagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Adults And Children

ABSTRACTA prospective multicenter surveillance program on yeast bloodstream infections was implemented in the Paris, France, area without restrictions on ward of hospitalization (intensive care unit, hematology, and surgery) or age (adults and children). The present analysis concerns 2,618 isolates collected over 7 years from 2,441 patients. Centralized species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing using the EUCAST methodology were performed. Almost 10% (232/2,441) of the patients had recently (≤30 days) been treated with antifungal drugs. We analyzed the effect of recent exposure to fluconazole (n= 159) or caspofungin (n= 61) on the proportions of the five majorCandidaspecies. For both drugs, preexposure was associated with a decreased prevalence ofCandida albicansin favor of less drug-susceptible species (C. glabrataandC. kruseifor the former andC. parapsilosisand, to a lesser extent,C. glabrataandC. kruseifor the latter;P= 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the risk of being infected with an isolate with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole was independently associated with an age of ≥15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39 to 4.31;P= 0.002) and with recent exposure to fluconazole (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.51 to 3.13;P< 0.001), while the risk of being infected with an isolate with decreased susceptibility to caspofungin was independently associated with an age <15 years (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.43 to 4.48;P= 0.001) and with recent exposure to caspofungin (OR = 4.79; 95% CI = 2.47 to 9.28;P< 0.001). These findings could influence future recommendations for the management of candidemia.

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