scholarly journals Aid and Governance in Vulnerable States

2014 ◽  
Vol 656 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushtaq H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Political Entrepreneurs ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

Bangladesh and Pakistan had very different experiences with aid after 1971. Politics in Pakistan was less inclusive in terms of opportunities for intermediate (middle- and lower-middle-) class political entrepreneurs, and the dominance of military aid to Pakistan exacerbated the problem by allowing the top leadership to continue to rule without sharing much power with these classes. This not only had negative effects on the evolution of Pakistan’s politics but also slowed down the growth of a broad-based manufacturing sector. In contrast, in Bangladesh the less centralized organization of political power and less concentrated forms of aid allowed intermediate-class political entrepreneurs to improve their access to resources and created opportunities for many of them to enter productive manufacturing activities such as the garments industry. Differences in patterns of aid can help to explain significant differences in economic and political outcomes in the two countries. These experiences challenge conventional ideas about the relationship among aid, good governance, and security. Designing aid policies so that aid can assist developing countries in improving their economic and political viability requires a better understanding of the complex relationships between aid and the political economies of recipient countries.

scholarly journals Towards Developing a Green Manufacturing Environment: What is Ghana doing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Gyasi-Mensah ◽  
Xuhua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Green Practices ◽  
To Come ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship

Developed nations embarked on massive industrialization through manufacturing in order to reap the benefits that accompany this developmental strategy. Nations of the developing world are also adopting similar strategies to make the most of their natural resources. Realizing the negative effects of manufacturing on the environment and human lives, nations have began upgrading their manufacturing methods through the adoption of eco-friendly processes. This article intends to throw light on what the developing nation of Ghana has been doing to mitigate the effects of conventional methods of manufacturing on the environment and on human lives. The article presents the relationship between manufacturing and the environment within which manufacturing take place. It also presents some environmental challenges encountered in manufacturing sector in Ghana, as well as steps that are taken to minimize and/or prevent them. The article again presents efforts that have been taken towards integrating green practices in the manufacturing industry in Ghana, through the collaboration between the country and other international stakeholders. The literature on what Ghana is doing to create green manufacturing environment lacks empirical approach to come to a verified conclusion, hence the need to carry out future studies which is empirically based. Other gaps are also presented in the article, and what can be done to fill these gaps is also presented.

Retrospective analysis of the resilience of Russian regions as socio-economic systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Klimanov ◽  
Sofiya М. Kazakova ◽  
Anna A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the impact of various socio-economic and financial indicators on the resilience of Russian regions. For each region, the integral index of resilience is calculated, and its correlation dependence with the selected indicators is revealed. The study confirms the relationship between fiscal resilience and socio-economic resilience of the regions. The analysis of panel data for 75 regions from 2007 to 2016 shows that there are significant differences in the dynamics of indicators in different periods. In particular, the degree of exposure to the negative effects of the crises of 2008—2009 and 2014—2015 in non-resilient regions is higher than in resilient ones.

The number of employed as a macroeconomic indicator of working time dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-945
Author(s):  
I.A. Zaikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicator

Subject. The working time of workers at any stage of economic development is a value reflecting the level of labor productivity. Any progress in productivity contributes to changes in the volume of labor costs and the number of employed. Depending on the relationship between the total volume of labor costs and the number of employed, the duration of working time per one worker may change (it may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged). Objectives. The study aims to confirm the importance of such a macroeconomic indicator as the number of employed in varying working hours. Methods. The study rests on the comparative analysis of countries with developed economies based on some indicators like dynamics of the working time fund, dynamics of the number of employed, average number of hours worked during the year per employee, etc. The analyzed timespan is 25 years (from 1991 to 2016). Results. The comparative analysis revealed that in the non-production sphere and the economy as a whole the macroeconomic determinants correlate so that the length of working time per worker reduces. When considering the analysis results for the manufacturing sector, no single trend was identified. Conclusions. One of the key factors affecting the change in working hours is the number of employed. The relationship between the working time fund and the number of employed directly determines the dynamics of working time per worker.

Structural Mediation Model of Information System and Sustainable Performance of UAE Manufacturing Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Darwish Abdulla Larii ◽  
◽  
Fatma Ahmed Lari ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Darwish Abdulla Lari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This study intends to find out the mediating effect of organisational culture on the relationship between information system and sustainable performance of manufacturing sector in UAE. This study used AMOS-SEM software to develop mediation model that linking the mediating relationships between Information System, Organisational Culture and Sustainable operation Performance. Data was collected through questionnaire survey among the operation staff of Abu Dhabi manufacturing companies. A total 250 questionnaires were distributed however 205 were returned and only 200 are valid which indicates a response rate of 80%. The analysis found that TPS has positive but not significant effect to SP; OIS has positive but not significant effect to SP; FMW has a positive and significant effect on SP; SDS has a negative and not significant effect to SP and SP has positive but not significant effect OC. For the path relationship between the four exogenous variables (TPS, OIS, SDS, and FMW) and the mediator variable (OC), the results are TPS has positive and significant effect to OC; OIS has positive but not significant effect to OC; FMW has positive and significant effect to OC and SDS has positive and not significant effect to OC. Collectively, the five exogenous constructs (TPS, OIS, SDS, FMW and OC) explained 89% variation in operational performance and 86% of the variation in organisational culture. However, for a mediator, it was found that OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between TPS and SP; OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between OIS and SP; OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between SDS and SP and OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between FMW and SP. it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between information system dimensions and operational performance. However organizational culture has no contributing any mediating effect to the relationship. These findings have contributed to the body of knowledge and could be shared among the UAE manufacturing practitioners.

BATOMBE: WARISAN BUDAYA BANGSA DARI NAGARI ABAI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Eva Krisna
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Great House ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Relationship

“Batombe” is an oral tradition of the Nagari Abai society at Sangir Batanghari Subdistrict, South Solok District, West Sumatra Province. Batombe is exchanging rhymes (berbalas pantun) which is performed as an entertainment on the wedding party (baralek). Batombe is identical with Great House (Rumah Gadang) Nagari Abai which is a unique house because it is a long traditional custom house that has many rooms. It reaches 21 rooms. The rhymes in batombe tends to deliver a feeling of lilting so the singers often drift into the atmosphere of the show. Therefore, as part of community life, batombe often cause a negative effects for the singers soul. This paper describes various things, such as: who batombe singer is; the time to perform this activity; the relationship between batombe and Great House (Rumah Gadang) at Nagari Abai; and the negative effects caused by batombe for the singers. This paper based on the fact that in oral tradition there is a close relationship between text and the speakers and text with context (place, time and atmosphere), a multidisciplinary approach is used in this paper, such as historical, sociological, anthropological, and psychological approach. The method used is descriptive analysis method.AbstrakBatombe adalah tradisi lisan masyarakat Nagari Abai, Kecamatan Sangir Batanghari, Kabupaten Solok Selatan, Provinsi Sumatra Barat. Batombe adalah tradisi berbalas pantun yang dilakukan sebagai hiburan pada pesta pernikahan (baralek). Batombe identik dengan rumah gadang Nagari Abai yang unik, yakni rumah adat dengan ruangan yang sangat panjang hingga 21 ruangan. Pantun-pantun batombe cenderung menyampaikan perasaan yang mendayu-dayu sehingga para pedendangnya sering hanyut ke dalam suasana pertunjukan. Oleh sebab itu, sebagai bagian dari kehidupan masyarakat, seringkali batombe menyebabkan efek negatif bagi (kejiwaan) para pedendangnya. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan berbagai hal, seperti penutur batombe, waktu untuk melakukan batombe, hubungan batombe dengan rumah gadang di Nagari Abai, dan efek negatif yang ditimbulkan batombe bagi pedendangnya. Tulisan ini bertolak dari kenyataan bahwa pada tradisi lisan terdapat hubungan erat, antara lain seperti teks dengan penutur dan teks dengan konteks (tempat, waktu, dan suasana). Pendekatan multidisipliner digunakan pada tulisan ini, yakni pendekatan historis, sosiologis, antropologis, dan psikologis. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif.

The Effects of P75NTR on Learning Memory Mediated by Hippocampal Apoptosis and Synaptic Plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Tang ◽  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Xing-Dong Chen ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
P75 Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

: Neurological diseases bring great mental and physical torture to the patients, and have long-term and sustained negative effects on families and society. The attention to neurological diseases is increasing, and the improvement of the material level is accompanied by an increase in the demand for mental level. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and involved in diverse and pleiotropic effects in the developmental and adult central nervous system (CNS). Since neurological diseases are usually accompanied by the regression of memory, the pathogenesis of p75NTR also activates and inhibits other signaling pathways, which has a serious impact on the learning and memory of patients. The results of studies shown that p75NTR is associated with LTP/LTD-induced synaptic enhancement and inhibition, suggest that p75NTR may be involved in the progression of synaptic plasticity. And its pro-apoptotic effect is associated with activation of proBDNF and inhibition of proNGF, and TrkA/p75NTR imbalance leads to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic phenomena. It can be inferred that p75NTR mediates apoptosis in the hippocampus and amygdale, which may affect learning and memory behavior. This article mainly discusses the relationship between p75NTR and learning memory and associated mechanisms, which may provide some new ideas for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Australia—The Hidden Jewel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Disease

The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Differences between the Sexes in the Relationship between Chronic Pain, Fatigue, and QuickDASH among Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Japan

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shimo ◽  
Yuta Sakamoto ◽  
Takashi Amari ◽  
Masaaki Chino ◽  
Rie Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elderly Healthcare ◽  
Disability Research

Chronic pain and fatigue have negative effects on the health, ADL, work, and hobbies of the elderly. As the proportion of people 65 years of age and older in the population increases, chronic pain and disability research regarding this group is receiving more consideration. However, little empirical evidence of the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and physical disability between the sexes is available. This study investigated the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly people by sex in Japan. Concerning the presence of chronic pain, 61% of males and 78% of females reported chronic pain, indicating that many elderly people living in the community suffer from chronic pain and fatigue on a daily basis. The number of sites of chronic pain was higher in females than in males (p = 0.016), with more chronic pain in the knees (p < 0.001) and upper arms (p = 0.014). Regarding chronic pain, males showed a higher correlation with QuickDASH-DS (rs = 0.433, p = 0.017) and QuickDASH-SM (rs = 0.643, p = 0.018) than females. Furthermore, fatigue also showed a higher correlation with QuickDASH-W (rs = 0.531, p = 0.003) in males than in females. These results indicate that the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and QuickDASH differed between the sexes among community-dwelling elderly people in Japan. A better understanding of the risk factors for elderly chronic pain and fatigue among sexes will facilitate the development of elderly healthcare welfare and policies.

scholarly journals The Authoritarian Dynamic During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Nationalism and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062097802
Author(s):  
Todd K. Hartman ◽  
Thomas V. A. Stocks ◽  
Ryan McKay ◽  
Jilly Gibson-Miller ◽  
Liat Levita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Research has demonstrated that situational factors such as perceived threats to the social order activate latent authoritarianism. The deadly COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to test whether existential threat stemming from an indiscriminate virus moderates the relationship between authoritarianism and political attitudes toward the nation and out-groups. Using data from two large nationally representative samples of adults in the United Kingdom ( N = 2,025) and Republic of Ireland ( N = 1,041) collected during the initial phases of strict lockdown measures in both countries, we find that the associations between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and (1) nationalism and (2) anti-immigrant attitudes are conditional on levels of perceived threat. As anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic increases, so too does the effect of RWA on those political outcomes. Thus, it appears that existential threats to humanity from the COVID-19 pandemic moderate expressions of authoritarianism in society.

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