scholarly journals Who Trusts? Ethnicity, Integration, and Attitudes Toward Elected Officials in Urban Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1738-1766
Author(s):  
Adrienne LeBas
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The State ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Urban Contexts

In the developing world, politicians often use public office to redistribute resources to their core constituencies. This form of clientelistic exchange motivates ethnic voting in Africa and may also shape broader attitudes toward the state. But does clientelism retain its power as cross-ethnic contact increases, or might new forms of political linkage emerge? This article uses public opinion data from urban Nigeria to investigate how social position affects trust in elected local officials. The article finds that local ethnic minorities are less trusting of local officials, but this trust deficit does not diminish as cross-ethnic contact rises. For members of locally dominant ethnic groups, however, greater cross-ethnic contact and lessened ethnic attachment dampen expressed trust in local elected officials. The article argues that ethnic clientelism is resilient in urban contexts but that scholarship must take a more nuanced approach to assessing membership in clientelistic coalitions.

Ethnicity and Nationalism in Wars of Secession

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Sorens
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
The Political

For some time, scholars have noticed that ethnic groups that are geographically concentrated or possess a “regional base” tend to become embroiled in anti-state rebellion at a much higher rate than other ethnic groups. Countries with higher numbers of geographically concentrated ethnic minorities and self-determination movements tend to see more internal violence. Furthermore, if popular demands for independence exist, they may or may not reach serious political expression, and that expression may take various forms, from electoral action to protest or outright rebellion. The form of expression depends on institutional constraints and various factors that generate reasons for conflict; however, not all attempts at secession are done with violence. Many secessionist organizations have in fact refrained from violence, and some governments permit secessionists to organize, to contest elections, and even to pursue independence through the political process. Recently, scholarship has begun to move away from the determinants of popular demands for sovereignty to the dynamics of secessionist mobilization, including collective protest and rebellion. This research sees the struggle between nationalists and the state in the context of game theory, particularly deterrence models, and generally stresses concepts such as capability, information, and credibility. Secessionism overall remains a research frontier in both comparative politics and international relations.

scholarly journals Kilka uwag o historycznych fundamentach etnogenezy Friulów

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bonusiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Minorities ◽  
World War ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Second World

The territory of the modern Italian Republic is inhabited by a number of ethnic minorities. They are protected by the State, which recognises them as linguistic minorities. These include the Friulian-speaking community in the north-east of the country. Like all other ethnic groups, it has its own history, which has shaped its specific characteristics. After the Second World War, and especially since the late 1960s, the efforts of researchers and activists to describe and understand this process intensified. They began to identify those events that were considered particularly important in the process of Friulian ethnogenesis. The aim of this article is to subject them to critical analysis and to show possible simplifications or hypocrisies in the assumptions made to explain the phenomenon of the formation of Friulian distinctiveness.

Of Nils and Nation: Selma Lagerlöf'sThe Wonderful Adventures of Nils

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJÖRN SUNDMARK
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
School System ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
State School ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Selma Lagerlof

Recently past its centenary, The Wonderful Adventures of Nils (1906–7), by Selma Lagerlöf, has remained an international children's classic, famous for its charm and magical elements. This article returns to read the book in its original contexts, and sets out to demonstrate that it was also published as a work of instruction, a work of geography, calculated to build character and nation. Arguing that it represents the vested interests of the state school system, and the national ideology of modern Sweden, the article analyses Nils's journey as the production of a Swedish ‘space’. With a focus on representations of power and nationhood in the text, it points to the way Lagerlöf takes stock of the nation's natural resources, characterises its inhabitants, draws upon legends and history, and ultimately constructs a ‘folkhem’, where social classes, ethnic groups and linguistic differences are all made to contribute to a sense of Swedish belonging and destiny.

PSYCHOLOGY, AWARENESS OF THE ETHNIC GROUPS IN NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN ETHNIC MINORITY AND MOUNTAINOUS AREAS TODAY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duy Dung
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Target Program ◽  
Rural Construction ◽  
New Rural Construction

New rural construction is one of the key tasks identified by the Party and State as the national target program until 2020. Many documents of the Party and the State have been issued expressing political will to implement the tasks of building new rural areas, over 6 years of implementation, the National Target Program for new rural construction has achieved certain achievements, the appearance of rural areas of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas has gradually changed dramatically, contributing significantly to promoting socio-economic and cultural development. Many provinces and cities throughout the whole country have built some new rural models that meet nineteen criterias and arrive on time.

SOME FACTORS OF COMMUNICATION TOURISM TYPES AFFECT THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duy Dung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Community Tourism ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Practical Implications

The Central Highlands is an area with a large community of ethnic minorities to be living. In the process of integration into the world economy, community tourism are one of the economic sectors that are interested in developing in our country in general and the Central Highlands area in particular.Although the activity has not been long, but it can be said that tourism and community tourism are the basis and premise to contribute to the socio-economic development of the Central Highlands; contribute to restoring many traditional cultural values of ethnic groups. For a variety of subjective and objective reasons, tourism activity and community tourism have affected ethnic lifestyles, customs and culture in both positive and limited ways. This is an issue that needs to be considered for research, with practical implications for sustainable tourism activities to create momentum for economic development and cultural preservation of ethnic groups in the Central Highlands area in the period of accelerating industrialization, nationalization and international economic integration.

Afars of Ethiopia in the system of ethnic federalism

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Roza Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Ethnic Federalism

The article pioneers the analyses of the results of ethnic federalism introduced in Ethiopia in 1991 – and its influence on Afar. Ethnicity was proclaimed the fundamental principle of the state structure. The idea of ethnicity has become the basis of official ideology. The ethnic groups and ethnic identity have acquired fundamentally importance on the political and social levels . The country has been divided into nine ethnically-based regions. The article exposes the complex ethno-political and economic situation in the Afar State, roots and causes of inter- and intra-ethnic relations and conflicts with Amhara, Oromo, Tigray and Somali-Issa, competition of ethnic elites for power and recourses. Alive is the idea of “The Greater Afar”which would unite all Afar of the Horn of Africa. The protests in Oromia and Amhara Regions in 2015–2017 influenced the Afar state as welll. The situation in Ethiopia nowadays is extremely tense. Ethiopia is plunging into serious political crisis. Some observers call it “the beginning of Ethiopian spring”, the others – “Color revolution”

The State of Asian American Businesses

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Diem Tran ◽  
OiYan Poon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Asian American ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Success ◽  
American Business ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Business Ownership ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Business success is a dominant theme in the Asian American narrative. However, Asian American entrepreneurship is more complex and multilayered than commonly believed and requires careful scrutiny. This brief examines the state of Asian American business ownership between 2005 and 2007. Findings suggest that although Asian Americans form businesses at higher rates than other racial/ethnic minorities, Asian American business ownership and outcomes continue to trail those of non-Hispanic whites. Potential factors contributing to racial/ethnic gaps and policy recommendations are discussed.

1830: van de Belgische protonatie naar de natiestaat (deel 2)

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Lode Wils
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
Public Office ◽  
The North ◽  
Ministerial Responsibility ◽  
The Government ◽  
The French Revolution

In het tweede deel van zijn bijdrage 1830: van de Belgische protonatie naar de natiestaat, over de gebeurtenissen van 1830-1831 als slotfase van een passage van de Belgische protonatie doorheen de grote politiek-maatschappelijke en culturele mutaties na de Franse Revolutie, ontwikkelt Lode Wils de stelling dat de periode 1829-1830 de "terminale crisis" vormde van het Koninkrijk der Verenigde Nederlanden. Terwijl koning Willem I definitief had laten verstaan dat hij de ministeriële verantwoordelijkheid definitief afwees en elke kritiek op het regime beschouwde als kritiek op de dynastie, groeide in het Zuiden de synergie in het verzet tussen klerikalen, liberalen en radicale anti-autoritaire groepen. In de vervreemding tussen het Noorden en het Zuiden en de uiteindelijke revolutionaire nationaal-liberale oppositie vanuit het Zuiden, speelde de taalproblematiek een minder belangrijke rol dan het klerikale element en de liberale aversie tegen het vorstelijk absolutisme van Willem I en de aangevoelde uitsluiting van de Belgen uit het openbaar ambt en vooral uit de leiding van de staat.________1830: from the Belgian pre-nation to the nation stateIn the second part of his contribution 1830: from the Belgian pre-nation to the nation state, dealing with the events from 1830-1831 as the concluding phase of a transition of the Belgian pre-nation through the major socio-political and cultural mutations after the French Revolution, Lode Wils develops the thesis that the period of 1829-1830 constituted the "terminal crisis" of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. Whilst King William I had clearly given to understand that he definitively rejected ministerial responsibility and that he considered any criticism of the regime as a criticism of the dynasty, the synergy of resistance increased between the clericalists, liberals and radical anti-authoritarian groups in the South. In the alienation between the North and the South and the ultimate revolutionary national-liberal opposition from the South the language issue played a less important role than the clericalist element and the liberal aversion against the royal absolutism of William I and the sense of exclusion of the Belgians from public office and particularly from the government of the state.

Party Standstill in an Era of Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
External Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Interest Management ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short Run

Chapter 5 discusses the premises of the emergence of the cartel party with the parties’ resilience to any significant modification in the face of the cultural, societal, and political changes of the 1970s–1980s. Parties kept and even increased their hold on institutions and society. They adopted an entropic strategy to counteract challenges coming from a changing external environment. A new gulf with public opinion opened up, since parties demonstrated greater ease with state-centred activities for interest-management through collusive practices in the para-governmental sector, rather than with new social and political options. The emergence of two sets of alternatives, the greens and the populist extreme right, did not produce, in the short run, any impact on intra-party life. The chapter argues that the roots of cartelization reside mainly in the necessitated interpenetration with the state, rather than on inter-party collusion. This move has caught parties in a legitimacy trap.

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