scholarly journals The Impact of the Eda Pathway on Tooth Root Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1290-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Fons Romero ◽  
H. Star ◽  
R. Lav ◽  
S. Watkins ◽  
M. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Tooth Number ◽  
The Impact

The Eda pathway ( Eda, Edar, Edaradd) plays an important role in tooth development, determining tooth number, crown shape, and enamel formation. Here we show that the Eda pathway also plays a key role in root development. Edar (the receptor) is expressed in Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) during root development, with mutant mice showing a high incidence of taurodontism: large pulp chambers lacking or showing delayed bifurcation or trifurcation of the roots. The mouse upper second molars in the Eda pathway mutants show the highest incidence of taurodontism, this enhanced susceptibility being matched in human patients with mutations in EDA-A1. These taurodont teeth form due to defects in the direction of extension of the HERS from the crown, associated with a more extensive area of proliferation of the neighboring root mesenchyme. In those teeth where the angle at which the HERS extends from the crown is very wide and therefore more vertical, the mutant HERSs fail to reach toward the center of the tooth in the normal furcation region, and taurodont teeth are created. The phenotype is variable, however, with milder changes in angle and proliferation leading to normal or delayed furcation. This is the first analysis of the role of Eda in the root, showing a direct role for this pathway during postnatal mouse development, and it suggests that changes in proliferation and angle of HERS may underlie taurodontism in a range of syndromes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

scholarly journals Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after HCV Clearance by Direct-Acting Antivirals Treatment Predictive Factors and Role of Epigenetics

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Rinaldi ◽  
Riccardo Nevola ◽  
Gianluigi Franci ◽  
Alessandro Perrella ◽  
Giusy Corvino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
The Impact

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) induce a rapid virologic response (SVR) in up to 99% of chronic hepatitis C patients. The role of SVR by DAAs on the incidence or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a matter of debate, although it is known that SVR does not eliminate the risk of HCC. In this review, we made an updated analysis of the literature data on the impact of SVR by DAAs on the risk of HCC as well as an assessment of risk factors and the role of epigenetics. Data showed that SVR has no impact on the occurrence of HCC in the short–medium term but reduces the risk of HCC in the medium–long term. A direct role of DAAs in the development of HCC has not been demonstrated, while the hypothesis of a reduction in immune surveillance in response to the rapid clearance of HCV and changes in the cytokine pattern influencing early carcinogenesis remains to be further elucidated. HCV induces epigenetic alterations such as modifications of the histone tail and DNA methylation, which are risk factors for HCC, and such changes are maintained after HCV clearance. Future epigenetic studies could lead to identify useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cirrhosis has been identified as a risk factor for HCC, particularly if associated with high liver stiffness and α-fetoprotein values, diabetes and the male sex. Currently, considering the high number and health cost to follow subjects’ post-HCV clearance by DAAs, it is mandatory to identify those at high risk of HCC to optimize management.

scholarly journals The Human Carbonic Anhydrase II in Platelets: An Underestimated Field of Its Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Jakubowski ◽  
Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska ◽  
Adrian Doroszko
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ii ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Carbonic anhydrases constitute a group of enzymes that catalyse reversible hydration of carbon dioxide leading to the formation of bicarbonate and proton. The platelet carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was described for the first time in the '80s of the last century. Nevertheless, its direct role in platelet physiology and pathology still remains poorly understood. The modulation of platelet CAII action as a therapeutic approach holds promise as a novel strategy to reduce the impact of cardiovascular diseases. This short review paper summarises the current knowledge regarding the role of human CAII in regulating platelet function. The potential future directions considering this enzyme as a potential drug target and important pathophysiological chain in platelet-related disorders are described.

scholarly journals Advertising and Media Capture in Turkey: How Does the State Emerge as the Largest Advertiser with the Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism?

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110186
Author(s):  
Servet Yanatma
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Competitive Authoritarianism ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the distribution of advertising in newspapers in Turkey and the impact of the government on the allocation, in particular, of official announcements and of advertising by partially state-owned enterprises and private companies loyal to the ruling party, as well as pressure on other commercial advertisers, during the rule of the Justice and Development Party between 2002 and 2020. It demonstrates that the government has, in the last decade, largely used the advertising sector as a “carrot and stick” tactic to control newspapers through the distribution of official announcements and advertising by state-owned enterprises. It further finds that the state has emerged in recent years as the largest advertiser financing the “captured media,” control of media ownership has proved to be not enough to ensure docile news media. Turkey has shifted to competitive authoritarianism in recent years, and this article demonstrates the selective allocation of advertising, which is a strong component of suppressing the independent media. The article uncovers the impact of government on advertising, using two data sets to show: (i) the total spend on official announcements received by each newspaper and (ii) how much advertising space in square centimeters state-owned enterprises have placed in each newspaper. Interviews with editors-in-chief of newspapers also expose the direct role of government in the distribution of advertising.

scholarly journals The Tip of an Iceberg: Replication-Associated Functions of the Tumor Suppressor p53

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Gottifredi ◽  
Lisa Wiesmüller
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Replication Forks ◽  
Tumor Suppressor P53 ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Associated Functions ◽  
The Impact

The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcriptional factor broadly mutated in cancer. Most inactivating and gain of function mutations disrupt the sequence-specific DNA binding domain, which activates target genes. This is perhaps the main reason why most research has focused on the relevance of such transcriptional activity for the prevention or elimination of cancer cells. Notwithstanding, transcriptional regulation may not be the only mechanism underlying its role in tumor suppression and therapeutic responses. In the past, a direct role of p53 in DNA repair transactions that include the regulation of homologous recombination has been suggested. More recently, the localization of p53 at replication forks has been demonstrated and the effect of p53 on nascent DNA elongation has been explored. While some data sets indicate that the regulation of ongoing replication forks by p53 may be mediated by p53 targets such as MDM2 (murine double minute 2) and polymerase (POL) eta other evidences demonstrate that p53 is capable of controlling DNA replication by directly interacting with the replisome and altering its composition. In addition to discussing such findings, this review will also analyze the impact that p53-mediated control of ongoing DNA replication has on treatment responses and tumor suppressor abilities of this important anti-oncogene.

scholarly journals Peran Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER) terhadap kehidupan masyarakat (sosial-ekonomi) Desa Mojoparon Kecamatan Rembang Kabupaten Pasuruan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Yonita Yuli Amanda ◽  
Sukamto Sukamto ◽  
Siti Malikhah Towaf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to describe the role of Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER) to the socioeconomic life of Mojoparon villagers in Pasuruan Regency. The approach and type of research used qualitatively descriptive. Three research conclusions were obtained as follows. First, the history of its establishment in PIER is due to the development of SIER and the development of industry in Pasuruan District phase III. Second, the problem of pier role for Mojoparon village community is divided into two, namely, indirect role and direct role. The indirect role is economic growth and increased employment opportunities. Direct role in the form of village infrastructure assistance, APAP cooperation, and PK and BK programs. Third, the impact of PIER for Mojoparon villagers is more prosperous and utilized pier industrial waste. At the same time the benefits of this research for IPS education can be used as additional insights and can foster socially sensitive, positive and skilled attitudes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peranan keberadaan Pasuruan Industrial Estate Rembang (PIER) pada kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Desa Mojoparon Kecamatan Rembang Kabupaten Pasuruan. Pendekatan dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Berdasarkan kesimpulan penelitian ini ada tiga garis besar yakni. Pertama, sejarah berdirinya di PIER merupakan pengembangan dari SIER selain itu adanya pengembangan industri di Kabupaten Pasuruan tahap III. Kedua, masalah peranan PIER bagi masyarakat Desa Mojoparon dibagi menjadi dua yaitu, peranan secara tidak langsung dan peranan secara langsung. Peranan tidak langsung yaitu pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kesempatan kerja meningkat. Peranan langsung berupa bantuan infrastruktur desa, kerjasama APAP, dan Program PK dan BK. Ketiga, dampak PIER bagi masyarakat Desa Mojoparon yaitu semakin sejahtera dan dimanfaatkannya limbah industri PIER. Sekaligus manfaat penelitian ini bagi pendidikan IPS dapat dijadikan tambahan wawasan dan dapat menumbuhkan sikap peka sosial, positif dan terampil.

scholarly journals Synergistic roles of Wnt modulators R-spondin2 and R-spondin3 in craniofacial morphogenesis and dental development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Alhazmi ◽  
Shannon H. Carroll ◽  
Kenta Kawasaki ◽  
Katherine C. Woronowicz ◽  
Shawn A. Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Tooth Development ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tooth Germ ◽  
Craniofacial Development ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Tooth Number ◽  
Fin Development

AbstractWnt signaling plays a critical role in craniofacial patterning, as well as tooth and bone development. Rspo2 and Rspo3 are key regulators of Wnt signaling. However, their coordinated function and relative requirement in craniofacial development and odontogensis are poorly understood. We showed that in zebrafish rspo2 and rspo3 are both expressed in osteoprogenitors in the embryonic craniofacial skeleton. This is in contrast to mouse development, where Rspo3 is expressed in osteoprogenitors while Rspo2 expression is not observed. In zebrafish, rspo2 and rspo3 are broadly expressed in the pulp, odontoblasts and epithelial crypts. However, in the developing molars of the mouse, Rspo3 is largely expressed in the dental follicle and alveolar mesenchyme while Rspo2 expression is restricted to the tooth germ. While Rspo3 ablation in the mouse is embryonic lethal, zebrafish rspo3-/- mutants are viable with modest decrease in Meckel’s cartilage rostral length. However, compound disruption of rspo3 and rspo2 revealed synergistic roles of these genes in cartilage morphogenesis, fin development, and pharyngeal tooth development. Adult rspo3−/− zebrafish mutants exhibit a dysmorphic cranial skeleton and decreased average tooth number. This study highlights the differential functions of Rspo2 and Rspo3 in dentocranial morphogenesis in zebrafish and in mouse.

Role of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells in tooth root development

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Zeichner-David ◽  
Keiji Oishi ◽  
Zhengyan Su ◽  
Vassili Zakartchenko ◽  
Li-Sha Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Hertwig’S Epithelial Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Sheath Cells

scholarly journals Trehalose Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Role of the PK2/PKR Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yuning Liu ◽  
Shi Wu ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
H9c2 Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function ◽  
The Impact

Ample clinical case reports suggest a high incidence of cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent evidence supports an essential role of trehalose (TLS) in cardiomyocyte survival signaling. Our previous study found that prokineticin2 (PK2) was involved in the process of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study examined the protective effects and mechanisms of TLS on DM-induced cardiomyocyte injury in mice and H9c2 cardiomyocytes. C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 streptozotocin for five consecutive days to establish an experimental diabetic model and then administered TLS (1 mg·g-1·d-1, i.p.) for two days every 4 weeks and given 2% TLS in drinking water for 24 weeks. Echocardiography, myocardial structure, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and the PK2/PKR pathway were assessed. Cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) were treated with TLS in the absence or presence of the PK2 antagonist PKRA7, and proteins involved in apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis and the PK2/PKR pathways were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Diabetic mice demonstrated metabolic disorder, abnormal myocardial zymograms, and aberrant myocardial systolic and diastolic function, which were accompanied by pronounced apoptosis, pyroptosis, and dampened autophagy. TLS treatment relieved these effects. PK2 and receptor expressions were downregulated in diabetic mice, and TLS nullified this effect. PKRA7 eliminated the impact of TLS on cardiomyocytes. This evidence suggests that TLS rescues DM-induced myocardial function, pyroptosis, and apoptosis, likely via the PK2/PKR pathway.

scholarly journals The role of intestinal microbiote disorders in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and eczema infectious

2018 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
T. A. Lytynska ◽  
T. Р. Korgova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Pathogenetic Factor ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the work was to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of microbiota of the colon in patients with psoriasis and eczema infectious and to analyze the impact of its violations on the severity of the clinical course of the diseases. There were examined in a complex way 34 patients with psoriasis and eczema in factious illness. The age of the subjectsrangedfrom 23 to 70 years, amongthem: women – 15 (44,1 %), men – 19 (55,9 %), the period of the disease ranged from 2 to 42 years. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy persons. In order to diagnose concomitant dysbiotic changes in the large intestine, microbiological examination of feces was performed on the patients (according to the method of Epstein – Litvak and Vilshanskaya). A high incidence of various intestinal pathologies (dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, functional disorders by the hepatobiliary system, gallstone disease etc.) was detected. In the microbiological study of feces, concomitant dysbiosis of the colon was detected in 16 (72,7 %) patients. Disturbance of the microbiota of the colon of varying severity is more often diagnosed in patients with more severe clinical course of psoriasis and eczema of infectious, as well as with a longer duration of the disease. The obtained data suggest that the intestinal microbiota, in particular colon dysbiosis, should be considered an important pathogenetic factor that negatively influences the nature and severity of the psoriasis and infectious eczema and requires timely diagnosis and appropriate medical correction.

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