scholarly journals Factors Related to Ventilation Tube Extrusion Time in Children and Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132199920
Author(s):  
Yi-Chih Lin ◽  
Yi-Lin Kao ◽  
Yen-Chun Chen ◽  
Lung-Che Chen ◽  
Luong Huu Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Ventilation Tube ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tube Extrusion ◽  
Study Child ◽  
History Of

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting extrusion time in both children and adults with ventilation tube (VT) insertion, providing useful information for clinicians for better decision-making, follow strategy, and potentially improve clinical outcomes for these patients. Methods: Data from patients receiving myringotomy with VT insertion from January 1, 2007, to June 30, 2012, were retrospectively collected and analyzed by the end of 2018. Various factors, including age, gender, history of VT insertion, tympanogram, size of VT used, local finding of tympanic membrane, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and postoperative ear infection, were included and analyzed to examine the effects of these factors on extrusion time. Results: A total of 447 patients were included in this study (Child group–Adult group = 237:210). The overall average extrusion time was 225.85 days. In the subgroup analysis, the average time was 221.3 days and 231.0 days for children and adults, respectively. The results showed that the VT extrusion time was significantly longer in participants without a history of VT insertion and in those where larger sized VTs were inserted in both age-groups. Male gender had an influence on extrusion time in children. In addition, a history of VT insertion and VT size were determined to be factors related to extrusion before 12 months in children. Conclusion: History of VT insertion and VT size were significantly related to VT extrusion time in both children and adults and defined as factors associated with extrusion before 12 months in children. The findings suggest avoiding VT with a diameter < 1 mm and considering an appropriately larger size in patients with a history of VT insertion to optimize VT retention.

scholarly journals Clinical features and outcome of Covid-19 in individuals without Comorbidities. Do children have the advantage?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Dr. Abhishek Kumar ◽  
◽  
Dr. Nilu Kumari ◽  
Dr. Ranjeet Kumar Singh ◽  
Dr. Alok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Objective: Information regarding clinical characteristics and the natural course of COVID-19amongst individuals without comorbidities is scarce. We therefore conducted a retrospectiveobservational study to decipher the disease profile in two different age groups, middle-aged (40-59years) and children (up to 12 years). Method: Study was conducted by reviewing the medicalrecords of all patients in the desired age groups and excluding all those with preexisting illness(called comorbidities). Result: A total of 154 and 27 patients were enrolled and studied in themiddle-aged adults and children group respectively. Males dominated in both groups with a sex ratioof 2.9 in adults and 1.7 in children. Most of the children (92.5%) had a history of exposure from aninfected family member, while in the adult group history of contact was present in 71.4% ofpatients.62.9% of children had an asymptomatic infection which was significantly higher than 22.8%in adults. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms in both age groups, but adults weremore likely to have respiratory complaints when compared with children.11 (7.1%) patients in theadult group had severe disease while in the children group none had severe disease. Similarly in theadult group 11 patients required ICU admission, but none in the children group. The mean durationof RTPCR positivity was similar in both groups. There was 1 (0.6%) expiry in the adult groupwhereas none in children. Conclusion: Healthy individuals in both middle-aged and children grouptend to have milder disease and both harbour the virus for the almost same duration but adults aremore symptomatic in comparison to children and hence children are more likely to be potentialasymptomatic carrier and transmitter of infection.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Early-Onset Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania: A Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 29s-29s
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Buckle ◽  
Elia J. Mmbaga ◽  
Alan Paciorek ◽  
Larry Akoko ◽  
Katrina Deardorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract 89 Purpose Previous studies have characterized geographic clusters of esophageal cancer (EC) in East Africa. Many of the epidemiologic features of EC in this context are shared globally with other clusters, including high rates, male predominance, and squamous cell histology. A unique feature in East Africa is the high proportion of young patients, with a recent case series reporting up to 24% of patients age < 45 years. The aim of the current study was to assess factors that are associated with early-onset EC in Tanzania (TZ). Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a previous case-control study. Patients with newly diagnosed EC were recruited at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute in 2014 to 2016. Hospital controls were identified from patients with nonmalignant conditions and matched 1:1 for gender and age ± 10 years. Risk factors were assessed through interviews. Logistic regression was used to estimate age-specific odds ratios (ORs) of EC for exposures across age groups (30 to 44 years, 45 to 59 years, and ≥ 60 years) and for interactions with age. Results A total of 473 cases and 473 controls were enrolled. Median ages were 59 years (range, 30 to 91 years) for cases and 55 years (range, 31 to 88 years) for controls. Among cases, 102 patients (22%) were age 30 to 44 years, 144 patients (30%) were age 45 to 59 years, and 227 patients (48%) were age ≥ 60 years. High household income was protective for those age 30 to 44 years (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.69) and 45 to 59 years (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.45), but not for those age ≥ 60 years (effect modification P = .047). Family history of EC was associated with a higher risk of EC among those age 45 to 59 years (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.02 to 14.47) and age ≥ 60 years (OR, 6.63; 95% CI, 1.50 to 29.37), with no effect among those age 30 to 44 years (effect modification P = .019). Second-hand smoke and infrequent teeth cleaning were also associated with early-onset EC, but did not differ significantly across age groups. Additional factors associated with EC risk across all ages were firewood use (cooking), kerosene use (lighting), work on a maize farm, and in-home grain and nut storage. Protective factors were the regular use of medication, surrogates of high socioeconomic status (TV, radio, refrigerator, indoor toilet, and electricity), and charcoal or gas cooking. Conclusion Multiple exposures were identified as risk factors for early-onset EC in TZ. In age-stratified analyses, household income, second-hand smoke, and poor dental hygiene emerged as possible risk factors, whereas family history of EC had strong associations among the older but not the young age group. Our results suggest that environmental factors may underlie the high incidence of young patients with EC in TZ. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and factors associated with COVID-19 in Yaounde, Cameroon: A prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251504
Author(s):  
Nicole Fouda Mbarga ◽  
Emilienne Epee ◽  
Marcel Mbarga ◽  
Patrick Ouamba ◽  
Herwin Nanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Factors Associated

Background A year after the COVID-19 pandemic started, there are still few scientific reports on COVID-19 in Africa. This study explores the clinical profiles and factors associated with COVID-19 in Cameroon. Materials and methods In this prospective cohort study, we followed patients admitted for suspicion of COVID-19 at Djoungolo Hospital between 01st April and 31st July 2020. Patients were categorised by age groups and disease severity: mild (symptomatic without clinical signs of pneumonia), moderate (with clinical signs of pneumonia without respiratory distress) and severe cases (clinical signs of pneumonia and respiratory distress not requiring invasive ventilation). Demographic information and clinical features were summarised. Multivariable analysis was performed to predict risk. Findings A total of 313 patients were admitted during the study period; 259 were confirmed cases of COVID-19 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Among the confirmed cases, the male group aged 40 to 49 years (13.9%) was predominant. Disease severity ranged from mild (26.2%; n = 68) to moderate (59%; n = 153) to severe (14.7%; n = 38); the case fatality rate was 1% (n = 4). Dysgusia (46%; n = 119) and hyposmia/anosmia (37.8%; n = 98) were common features of COVID-19. Nearly one-third of patients had comorbidities (29%; n = 53), of which hypertension was the most common (18.9%; n = 49). Participation in mass gatherings (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.37; P = 0.03) and dysgusia (OR = 2.09, P = 0.02) were predictive of diagnosis of COVID-19. Age groups 60 to 69 (OR = 7.41; P = 0.0001), 50 to 59 (OR = 4.09; P = 0.03), 40 to 49 (OR = 4.54; P = 0.01), male gender (OR = 2.53; P = 0.04), diabetes (OR = 4.05; P = 0.01), HIV infection (OR = 5.57; P = 0.03), lung disease (OR = 6.29; P = 0.01), dyspnoea (OR = 3.70; P = 0.008) and fatigue (OR = 3.35; P = 0.02) significantly predicted COVID-19 severity. Conclusions Most COVID-19 cases in this study were benign with low fatality. Age (40–70), male gender, HIV infection, lung disease, dyspnoea and fatigue are associated with severe COVID-19. Such findings may guide public health decision-making.

scholarly journals Factors associated with drug use among adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e14-43556
Author(s):  
Mirene Peloso ◽  
Brunnella Alcantara Chagas de Freitas ◽  
Bruno David Henriques ◽  
Samuel De Souza Magalhães Marques ◽  
Luciana Moreira Lima
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Family ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

The study aimed to identify factors associated to drug use in adolescents. For this purpose, it has been observed 133 adolescents registred in ninth grade in two municipal schools in Viçosa, who answered an individual questionnaire validated by PAHO / WHO, applied by members of the Uncensored Extension Project of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). Substance use and family structure were evaluated. Statistical tools were: Epi-Info 7.0 StatCalc, Pearson's chi-square test, Poisson regression and SPSS version 23.0 and Stata 9.0 programs. The sample had an average of 15 years old, that 26.3% reported drug use, thus, 65,4% related family history of drug use and low education. Other aspects of family structure included: good family perception, absence of violence and family mental disorder by 78.2%, 82.7% and 75.9% of adolescents, respectively. Only males persisted as a factor associated with drug use, with 2.4 times higher use (PR 2.39; 95% IC 1.19-4.78; p = 0.014). Therefore, only the male gender showed a higher risk for drug use, and further studies are needed to evaluate factors associated with drug use, aiming to promote public health.

scholarly journals Factors affecting prognosis of status epilepticus among patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajid Jawaid ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Sundus Mehtab Shafee ◽  
Sidra Javed Barry ◽  
Sayed Mustafa Mahmood Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cns Infections ◽  
History Of

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the etiology, outcomes and prognostic factors associated with status epilepticus (SE) admissions in Neurology Department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all SE admissions at Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi over a five-year period from July 2015 to June 2020. Demographic, clinical, and etiological factors were investigated for prognostic value. Statistical tests were applied to determine significant prognostic factors. A five percent significance level was used. Results: A total of 176 patients were included in the study. Mortality was reported in 22 cases (12.5%) and morbidity at six months was observed in 44 cases (25.0%). Male gender, previous history of SE, prolonged seizure duration, and late presentation to hospital were significantly associated with mortality (p<0.05). De novo cases of SE tended to be older (p=0.048) and were associated with morbidity at follow-up (p=0.000). The most common causes of epilepsy in our patients with SE were CNS infections (n=54) and Idiopathic epilepsy (n=34). Non-compliance to medicines/under-dosing was the most common provocative factor (n=68). Acute symptomatic causes of SE were more likely to be associated with greater morbidity (p=0.000). Refractory and super-refractory SE were strongly associated with higher mortality (p=0.000). A longer duration of hospital stay was associated with higher morbidity (p=0.000). Conclusion: Male gender, poor control of seizures, CNS infections, prolonged seizures, delayed hospital arrival and refractory/super-refractory status epilepticus were key determinants of mortality in our setting. Previous history of status epilepticus, and acute and symptomatic etiologies were associated with higher morbidity. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.5195 How to cite this:Jawaid W, Irfan M, Shafee SM, Barry SJ, Shah SMM, Shahbaz N. Factors affecting prognosis of status epilepticus among patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.5195 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Nephrolithiasis in gout: prevalence and characteristics of Brazilian patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Santos Hoff ◽  
Claudia Goldenstein-Schainberg ◽  
Ricardo Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Gout ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The aims of this article were to assess the prevalence of nephrolithiasis and the factors associated with nephrolithiasis in Brazilian patients with primary gout. Methods One hundred twenty-three patients with primary gout were recruited from a tertiary referral hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. All patients underwent ultrasonography and had their clinical and laboratory characteristics assessed. Results One hundred fifteen (93.5%) patients were male, with a mean age of 62.9 ± 9.4 years. Twenty-three (18.7%) patients had asymptomatic nephrolithiasis (detected only by ultrasonography), 7 (6.0%) had symptomatic nephrolithiasis (detected by ultrasonography and a positive clinical history), and 13 (10.0%) had a history of kidney stones, but ultrasonography at evaluation did not show nephrolithiasis. Therefore, 35.0% of the patients had nephrolithiasis (detected either by ultrasonography and/or a positive clinical history). Nephrolithiasis was associated with male gender (43 [100%] vs 72 [90%], p = 0.049), the use of potassium citrate (13 [30.2%] vs 0, p <  0.001) and the use of medications for diabetes (10 [23.3%] vs 8 [10%], p = 0.047) and dyslipidemia (15 [34.9%] vs 10 [12.5%], p = 0.003); benzbromarone had an inverse association with nephrolithiasis (21 [48.8%] vs 55 [68.8%], p = 0.030). In patients with and without nephrolithiasis, no differences were found in the laboratory and ultrasonography characteristics, including serum uric acid levels, urinary uric acid excretion and urine pH. Conclusions The prevalence of nephrolithiasis in primary gout was 35.0%, and 18.7% of the patients were asymptomatic. Nephrolithiasis was associated with male gender, diabetes and dyslipidemia. A positive history of nephrolithiasis probably biased the prescription of potassium citrate and benzbromarone.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized Under Five Children in Central Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Yadav ◽  
Y Khinchi ◽  
A Pan ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
GS Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural Residency ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Acute respiratory infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under 5 children in developing countries. There are various modifiable risk factors associated with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI). Hence, identification of associated risk factors for ARI may be helpful to reduce the burden of disease. The aims of this study were to study the risk factors for ARI in under five hospitalized children and to correlate risk factors with ARI related morbidity. It was a hospital- based prospective study. Materials and Methods: Children of less than 5 years admitted in ward with diagnosis of ARI were enrolled in the study as cases. Control included children under 5 years of age attending to Well Baby Clinic, Immunization Clinic and siblings or relatives under 5 years who came with patients in the Paediatric outpatient department of the same institution during the same period. Various risk factors, demographic and clinical data of each child were recorded in a pre-designed proforma of both groups. Results: A total of 200 cases and 200 controls were enrolled. The various risk factors associated with ARI on stepwise logistic regression were male gender, rural residency, overcrowding, history of ARI in any family member within two weeks and undernutrition. The statistically insignificant risk factors were infancy, economic status, illiterate parents, cooking fuel other than LPG, low birth weight, prematurity, lack of exclusive breast feeding, vitamin A deficiency and incomplete immunization. Conclusion: The various risk factors for ARI identified in this study were male gender, rural residency, overcrowding, history of ARI in any family member within two weeks and undernutrition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7358 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013;33(1):39-44

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bao-An Chen ◽  
Yi-Qian ZHU ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Xue Wu ◽  
Bao-An Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: A total of 51 patients with AML initially treated in Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University in the past 7 years were selected to investigate the gender, age (60-year-old) and WBC count (>=30*109/L), whether there is a history of MDS and other factors related to survival rate. Results: The results showed that age and the history of MDS prodrome were independent prognostic factors affecting OS. The OS rates of CD19 negative, CD11b positive and CD64 negative patients were significantly lower than those without the above factors at the onset of the disease, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The prognosis of AML patients is affected by multiple factors, so prognosis should be stratified according to risk factors, and appropriate chemotherapy regimens should be selected for patients of different age groups.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Successful Smoking Cessation According to Age Group: Findings of an 11-Year Korea National Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Youngmee Kim ◽  
Ji Sung Lee ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Korean Adult ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Policies And Programs

Previous studies suggest that factors related to smoking cessation may vary with age. This study examined the factors affecting smoking cessation by age among Korean adult male smokers using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018 (excluding 2013). Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate various factors associated with smoking cessation in three different age groups. Out of a total of 15,492 individuals, 31.5% of the 3523 individuals aged 19–39 years (young adult), 54.7% of the 7390 individuals aged 40–64 years (middle-aged), and 78.6% of the 4589 individuals aged ≥65 years (older adults) succeeded in quitting. In the young adult and middle-aged groups, being married was associated with successful quitting, and lifetime smoking was associated with unsuccessful quitting. Willpower and several comorbidities were related to successful cessation in the middle-aged and older adult groups. Skipping any meal, which suggests unhealthy behavior, was negatively related to quitting in the young adult group. We observed that factors associated with smoking cessation success or failure differed by age, which should be considered when developing smoking cessation policies and programs.

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