Impact modification of hybrid polypropylene composites with poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 073168442110533
Author(s):  
R Várdai ◽  
M Ferdinánd ◽  
T Lummerstorfer ◽  
C Pretschuh ◽  
M Jerabek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Impact Modification

Polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites were prepared by the combination of three reinforcing (carbon, glass, and wood) and a synthetic (PVA) fiber. Tensile and impact testing, acoustic emission measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for the characterization of the composites as well as to follow deformation and failure processes. The results obtained prove that the novel concept of using synthetic fibers for impact modification can be applied successfully also with PVA fibers. The extent of improvement in impact strength depends on fiber type and content, but also on interfacial adhesion which strongly influences the local deformation processes occurring around the fibers during fracture. Both the reinforcing and the synthetic fibers take part in these processes and contribute to energy consumption. Debonding and the subsequent plastic deformation of the matrix consumes energy the most efficiently, but the fracture of the PVA fibers also requires energy; thus, PVA fibers improve impact resistance both at poor and good adhesion. This approach allows the design of materials for structural applications; the combination of a stiffness of 4–6 GPa and an impact resistance of 20–25 kJ/m2 exceeds the properties of most PP composites available on the market.

scholarly journals Crystalline structure and reinforcement in hybrid PP composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Várdai ◽  
Á. Schäffer ◽  
M. Ferdinánd ◽  
T. Lummerstorfer ◽  
M. Jerabek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Lamella Thickness

AbstractHybrid composites were prepared from a PP homopolymer, talc and PVA fibers by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. Talc was added to improve stiffness, while the fibers serve to increase impact resistance. Mechanical properties were characterized by tensile and impact testing, while structure was studied by SEM and optical microscopy. The results showed that talc has a strong nucleating effect in the PP used in spite of the fact that the grade contained a nucleating agent inherently. PVA also nucleated the PP slightly, with trans-crystallization occurring around the fibers. The effect of the two components was independent of each other on lamella thickness, but crystallinity decreased with increasing PVA content in the hybrid composites. The results clearly showed that crystalline structure changes considerably upon the addition of the two components, both lamella thickness and crystallinity increasing. However, somewhat contradictorily, the effect of these changes on the mechanical properties of the composites is small. Model calculations have shown that stiffness increases by about 0.5 GPa due to nucleation, while moduli as large as 7 GPa are reached by the addition of talc. Impact resistance is completely independent of lamella thickness or crystallinity; this property is determined mainly by local deformation processes initiated by the PVA fibers. Dispersed structure and the direct effect of the additive determine properties in the hybrid composites studied, and the role of crystalline structure is of secondary importance.

scholarly journals Bio-Polyamide 11 Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Basalt/Flax Interwoven Fibers: A Tough Green Composite for Semi-Structural Applications

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Russo ◽  
Giorgio Simeoli ◽  
Libera Vitiello ◽  
Giovanni Filippone
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Green Composite ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Composite Samples

Intraply hybrid green composites were prepared by film stacking and hot-pressing of bio-based polyamide 11 (PA11) sheets and commercial hybrid fabrics made by interweaving flax and basalt fibers (2/2 twill structure). Two matrices were considered, one of them containing a plasticizing agent. After preliminary thermal and rheological characterizations of the neat matrices, the laminates were studied in terms of flexural properties at low and high deformation rates, and the results were interpreted in the light of morphological analyses (scanning electron and optical microscopy). Despite the poor interfacial adhesion detected for all investigated composite samples, the latter exhibited a good combination of flexural strength, modulus, and impact resistance. Such well-balanced mechanical properties make the studied samples potential candidates for semi-structural applications, e.g., in the transportation sector.

scholarly journals A Review on Mechanical Performance of Hybrid Natural Fiber Polymer Composites for Structural Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2170
Author(s):  
N. M. Nurazzi ◽  
M. R. M. Asyraf ◽  
S. Fatimah Athiyah ◽  
S. S. Shazleen ◽  
S. Ayu Rafiqah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Applications

In the field of hybrid natural fiber polymer composites, there has been a recent surge in research and innovation for structural applications. To expand the strengths and applications of this category of materials, significant effort was put into improving their mechanical properties. Hybridization is a designed technique for fiber-reinforced composite materials that involves combining two or more fibers of different groups within a single matrix to manipulate the desired properties. They may be made from a mix of natural and synthetic fibers, synthetic and synthetic fibers, or natural fiber and carbonaceous materials. Owing to their diverse properties, hybrid natural fiber composite materials are manufactured from a variety of materials, including rubber, elastomer, metal, ceramics, glasses, and plants, which come in composite, sandwich laminate, lattice, and segmented shapes. Hybrid composites have a wide range of uses, including in aerospace interiors, naval, civil building, industrial, and sporting goods. This study intends to provide a summary of the factors that contribute to natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites’ mechanical and structural failure as well as overview the details and developments that have been achieved with the composites.

scholarly journals Improvement of Performance Profile of Acrylic Based Polyester Bio-Composites by Bast/Basalt Fibers Hybridization for Automotive Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Anjum Saleem ◽  
Luisa Medina ◽  
Mikael Skrifvars
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Resin Impregnation ◽  
Structural Applications

New technologies in the automotive industry require lightweight, environment-friendly, and mechanically strong materials. Bast fibers such as kenaf, flax, and hemp reinforced polymers are frequently used composites in semi-structural applications in industry. However, the low mechanical properties of bast fibers limit the applications of these composites in structural applications. The work presented here aims to enhance the mechanical property profile of bast fiber reinforced acrylic-based polyester resin composites by hybridization with basalt fibers. The hybridization was studied in three resin forms, solution, dispersion, and a mixture of solution and dispersion resin forms. The composites were prepared by established processing methods such as carding, resin impregnation, and compression molding. The composites were characterized for their mechanical (tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact strength), thermal, and morphological properties. The mechanical performance of hybrid bast/basalt fiber composites was significantly improved compared to their respective bast fiber composites. For hybrid composites, the specific flexural modulus and strength were on an average about 21 and 19% higher, specific tensile modulus and strength about 31 and 16% higher, respectively, and the specific impact energy was 13% higher than bast fiber reinforced composites. The statistical significance of the results was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Low Velocity Impact Resistance of CPVC Pipes Exposed to Natural Outdoor Weathering Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 959-964
Author(s):  
Z. Khan ◽  
Necar Merah ◽  
A. Bazoune ◽  
S. Furquan
Keyword(s):  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Events ◽  
Outdoor Weathering

Low velocity drop weight impact testing of CPVC pipes was conducted on 160 mm long pipe sections obtained from 4-inch (100 mm) diameter schedule 80 pipes. Impact test were carried out for the base (as received) pipes and after their exposure to out door natural weathering conditions in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The results of the impact testing on the natural (outdoor exposure) broadly suggest that the natural outdoor exposures produce no change in the impact resistance of CPVC pipe material for the impact events carrying low incident energies of 10 and 20J. At the impact energies of 35 and 50J the natural outdoor exposures appear to cause appreciable degradation in the impact resistance of the CPVC pipe material. This degradation is noted only for the longer exposure periods of 12 and 18 months.

Impact resistance and energy absorption mechanisms in hybrid composites

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.Z. Jang ◽  
L.C. Chen ◽  
C.Z. Wang ◽  
H.T. Lin ◽  
R.H. Zee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Resistance

scholarly journals Influence of Fiber Orientation on Impact Resistance Behavior of Woven Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Genetu A. Dress ◽  
M. H. Woldemariam ◽  
D. T. Redda
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Izod Impact

Woven natural fiber reinforced polymer composites have better tensile, flexural, and compressive strength compared to the mechanical properties of unidirectional and randomly oriented NFRPC because of the interlacing of fiber bundles. However, the characterization of impact behavior with different fiber orientation such as 30°/60°, 0/90°, 30°/−45°, and 45°/−45° woven sisal fiber reinforced polyester composite was not studied vigorously. Thus, this paper focuses on the experimental characterization of the impact resistance behavior on woven sisal fiber reinforced polyester composite materials for semistructural part by using Izod impact testing setup. The 30°/60°, 30°/−45°, 0°/90°, and 45°/−45° woven sisal fiber was prepared using nailed wooden frame as a warp and weft guider. The woven sisal fiber was impregnated in order to make woven sisal fiber dimensionally stable. Using 40% by weight of fiber and 60% by weight of polyester, the composite was developed using hand layup process. The morphology and cross-sectional elemental detection was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) assessment in leather development institute (LDI). Finally, impact tests were carried out using Izod impact testing setup in Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (ASTU). The average impact strength of a 40 wt% fiber 45°/−45° woven sisal fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composite (WSFRPC) test specimen with consecutive warp and weft tow spacing of 2 mm was 342.67 J/m and this was greater energy compared to the other orientations. But the average impact strength of a 40 wt% fiber 30°/60° WSFRPC of test specimen with consecutive warp and weft tow spacing of 2 mm was 241.33 J/m.

scholarly journals Novel Hybrid Composites Based on PVA/SeTiO2 Nanoparticles and Natural Hydroxyapatite for Orthopedic Applications: Correlations between Structural, Morphological and Biocompatibility Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Cavalu ◽  
Luminita Fritea ◽  
Marcel Brocks ◽  
Katia Barbaro ◽  
Gelu Murvai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based composites recommend this material as a good candidate for the replacement of damaged cartilage, subchondral bone, meniscus, humeral joint and other orthopedic applications. The manufacturing process can be manipulated to generate the desired biomechanical properties. However, the main shortcomings of PVA hydrogels are related to poor strength and bioactivity. To overcome this situation, reinforcing elements are added to the PVA matrix. The aim of our work was to develop and characterize a novel composition based on PVA reinforced with Se-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and natural hydroxyapatite (HA), for possible orthopedic applications. The PVA/Se-doped TiO2 composites with and without HA were structurally investigated by FTIR and XRD, in order to confirm the incorporation of the inorganic phase in the polymeric structure, and by SEM and XRF, to evidence the ultrastructural details and dispersion of nanoparticles in the PVA matrix. Both the mechanical and structural properties of the composites demonstrated a synergic reinforcing effect of HA and Se-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, the tailorable properties of the composites were proved by the viability and differentiation potential of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) to osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. The novel hybrid PVA composites show suitable structural, mechanical and biological features to be considered as a promising biomaterial for articular cartilage and subchondral bone repair.

scholarly journals PLA Composites Reinforced with Flax and Jute Fibers—A Review of Recent Trends, Processing Parameters and Mechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Kiran Sanivada ◽  
Gonzalo Mármol ◽  
F. P. Brito ◽  
Raul Fangueiro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Economic Price ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Multiple environmental concerns such as garbage generation, accumulation in disposal systems and recyclability are powerful drivers for the use of many biodegradable materials. Due to the new uses and requests of plastic users, the consumption of biopolymers is increasing day by day. Polylactic Acid (PLA) being one of the most promising biopolymers and researched extensively, it is emerging as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. Similarly, owing to both environmental and economic benefits, as well as to their technical features, natural fibers are arising as likely replacements to synthetic fibers to reinforce composites for numerous products. This work reviews the current state of the art of PLA compounds reinforced with two of the high strength natural fibers for this application: flax and jute. Flax fibers are the most valuable bast-type fibers and jute is a widely available plant at an economic price across the entire Asian continent. The physical and chemical treatments of the fibers and the production processing of the green composites are exposed before reporting the main achievements of these materials for structural applications. Detailed information is summarized to understand the advances throughout the last decade and to settle the basis of the next generation of flax/jute reinforced PLA composites (200 Maximum).

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