Probation Recommendations and Sentences Received

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Leifker ◽  
Lisa L. Sample
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Sentencing Recommendations ◽  
Extralegal Factors

Although an association has been established between sentencing recommendations made by probation officers and the actual sentences received by offenders, to date, few scholars have examined the role of offender and officer characteristics in these recommendations. This article uses quantitative data from one small California jurisdiction between 2004 and 2006 to explore the role of legal and extralegal factors in sentencing recommendations. The minimal impact of extralegal factors is discussed and conclusions are made about why this may be the case. Ultimately, this research is intended to shed further light on the sentencing process and the previously documented sentencing disparities that exist.

An inter-dependence of flood and drought: disentangling amphibian beta diversity in seasonal floodplains

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. B. Moreira ◽  
Tainá F. Dorado-Rodrigues ◽  
Vanda L. Ferreira ◽  
Christine Strüssmann
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Amphibian Community ◽  
Dry Seasons

Species composition in floodplains is often affected by different structuring factors. Although floods play a key ecological role, habitat selection in the dry periods may blur patterns of biodiversity distribution. Here, we employed a partitioning framework to investigate the contribution of turnover and nestedness to β-diversity patterns in non-arboreal amphibians from southern Pantanal ecoregion. We investigated whether components of β-diversity change by spatial and environmental factors. We sampled grasslands and dense arboreal savannas distributed in 12 sampling sites across rainy and dry seasons, and analysed species dissimilarities using quantitative data. In the savannas, both turnover and nestedness contributed similarly to β diversity. However, we found that β diversity is driven essentially by turnover, in the grasslands. In the rainy season, balanced variation in abundance was more related to altitude and factors that induce spatial patterns, whereas dissimilarities were not related to any explanatory variable during dry season. In the Pantanal ecoregion, amphibian assemblages are influenced by a variety of seasonal constraints on terrestrial movements and biotic interactions. Our findings highlighted the role of guild-specific patterns and indicated that mass effects are important mechanisms creating amphibian community structure in the Pantanal.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of the Speech-language Therapist in City Centre Preschools

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Language Therapist ◽  
Service Delivery Models ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Delivery Models ◽  
Innovative Techniques

This study investigates the perception of the strengths and challenges that face city centre preschool teachers and preschool learners in the acquisition of English as medium of instruction and to use the results to explore the role of speech-language therapists in this context. A descriptive survey, incorporating a quantitative data collection method, was selected as the research design and a questionnaire was developed as a survey instrument. The findings identified the strengths as including the creative communication strategies employed by the pre-schoolers and the innovative techniques of the teachers. Perceived challenges include a cultural and linguistic mismatch between teachers and learners and communication barriers that cause emotional and behavioural problems in classrooms. The study suggests that speech-language therapists need to consider and employ service delivery models instead of traditional models with the preschool teachers.

scholarly journals OVERCROWDED PRISONS IN PAKISTAN: UNDERSTANDING THE CRITICAL ROLE OF PROBATION, PAROLE OFFICERS AND COURTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Mukhtyar Nabi ◽  
◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Parole Officers ◽  
The World

Prison is a place for rehabilitation of offenders in every country of the world. The present study has tried to explore the present-day situation of the prison system of Pakistan and discuss its overcrowding condition in all four provinces. There are total 120 prisons in the country which hold authorized space for not more than 57,712 prisoners, but the number of inmates is 77,275, which is far away from the authorized space. This congested prison system not only creates hurdles in rehabilitation of prisoners but makes them more criminal by mixing of low and high frequency offenders. It also leads to various health and behavioral problems. Rehabilitation is only possible if there is balance in authorized and available prisoners in the prisons. The present article has come up with some viable suggestion for concerned authorities that can better perform their duty in eradication of this problem. The authors discussed the role of parole and probation officers in the elimination of these numbers in prison. The majority of the prisoners in our prisons are under-trail, thus the role of the judiciary has also been explored in balancing the incarceration ratio in prisons. Keywords: Prison System, Overcrowded Prisons, Parole and Probation, Judiciary, Courts, Pakistan

scholarly journals Determinants of Postpartum Visits in Breastfeeding Mother

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Eny Retna Ambarwati ◽  
Endang Khoirunnisa ◽  
Triantoro Safaria
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
The Village

Puerperal is likely in the occurrence of maternal deaths, and should receive health care during childbirth to be visited by a health worker at least 3 times since birth. This type of research was descriptive quantitative. The quantitative data obtained from questionnaires, using T-test. The research sample was breastfeeding mothers in the village of Balecatur as the intervention group and breastfeeding mothers in the village of Ambarketawang as the control group. There are significant differences of knowledge, behavior in the treatment of post-partum mothers between the intervention group and the control group with significant value in total of <0.05, influenced by the role of cadres, social suport, the role of health workers. Post partum visits conducted by community empowerment strategies, women as the main actors. The role of leaders, social support affect the success of efforts to increase postnatal visits among others disseminating information, provide examples, sensitize, motivate, guide, moving targets and the community and facilitating thus the knowledge, skills and increased public awareness can foster public participation in the postnatal visit.

scholarly journals The Role of Visuospatial Representation to Improve Student’s Conceptual Mastery based on Gender in Learning Human Urinary System

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Atikah ◽  
Yayan Sanjaya ◽  
Nuryani Rustaman
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Objective Test ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Bilingual School ◽  
Visuospatial Representation

Study of this research investigates the role of visuospatial representation using Wimba model to improve student’s conceptual mastery based on gender in learning Human Urinary System. The method used in this research was experimental research with matching pretest-posttest comparison group design. The sample was taken based on gender classes consisting of boys class (n=21) and girls class (n=9) in one of Bilingual School in Bandung. The quantitative data of this research was investigated through the objective test, while the supportive qualitative data gathered through Likert-Scale. The conceptual mastery of both classes measured based on Bloom’s taxonomy cognitive domain through an objective test. Data processing was done by independent sample t-test. The result of this research shows that there are significant differences in conceptual mastery improvement between girl class and boy class by using visuospatial representation as a model. The research indicates that girl class is outperformed in conceptual mastery almost in each cognitive domain than boy class, and girl class also shows more positive responses toward learning using visuospatial representation than boy class.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Facebook in the Dissemination of Hate Messages over the Agitation for Biafra in Ikeja, Lagos

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogbu S. U. ◽  
Olupohunda Bayo Festus
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods ◽  
Method Approach

In Nigeria, during the agitation for Biafra by the Nnamdi Kanu-led Indigenous People of Biafra between 2013 and 2017, the role of Facebook in the dissemination of hate messages by the protagonists and those in opposition to the agitation raised concern about the role of social media as a tool for the spread of hate messages. It is against this background that this research was designed to evaluate the role of Facebook in the spread of hate messages over the agitation for the separate state of Biafra. The study adopted the exploratory design and the mix method approach; both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. For the quantitative data, 400 questionnaires were administered on purposively sampled respondents. The surveys were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency distribution. Also, content analysis of some purposively selected Facebook messages was carried out. In the end, the research found that hate messages were propagated through Facebook using six major channels during the agitation for Biafra between 2013 and 2017. They include; Facebook Personal Profiles, Status Updates and Wall Postings, Facebook Group Chats, Facebook Video Uploads, Individual Comments and Likes, Video Shares and Reposts, and sharing of articles and links to other social media platforms. In line with its findings, the research recommended that Facebook should review its community standards and policies on postings of hate messages through its medium and also strengthen its regulatory mechanisms to ensure that it does not provide a platform anymore for propagators of hate messages in Nigeria and around the world.

scholarly journals The contribution of drawings to the cultural heritage values identification

ESTOA ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Julia Tamayo Abril ◽  
Genoveva Malo Toral ◽  
Gabriela García Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
Potential Tool

Vernacular architecture is considered as a cultural legacy which study has gained prominence during the last decades. Indeed, its complex and dynamic nature requires a depth understanding in order to guarantee its conservation and to maximize its use as a source of innovation for contemporary architecture. This paper reflects on the importance of drawings as a potential tool to communicate and evidence the cultural heritage values attached to these modest buildings. A comparative analysis is presented, contrasting quantitative data and qualitative data obtained from the research carried out at the end of the eighties. The main findings emphasize the role of drawings as a no verbal – visual language easy to comprehend for diverse audiences and capable to communicate valuable information to different fields.

scholarly journals Further quantitative data on the role of the ruminant proventriculi in the digestion and absorption of nitrogen-free organic matter

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
L. Paloheimo ◽  
A. Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Group 5

Using a method previously described the share of the proventriculi in the digestion of nitrogen-free non-lignin organic matter in cows was determined. The cows used in the experiments can be divided into 5 groups according to their food combination: 1) hay as the only food, 2) hay and concentrates in a ratio of 1:0.5, 3) hay and concentrates in a ratio of 1:1, 4) hay and beet pulp in the dry matter ratio of 1:0.5, and 5) hay and swedes in the dry matter ratio of 1:0.5. Omitting some obviously erroneous results the share of the proventriculi seems to vary between 58 and 96 %. This share is largest in group 5 and smallest in groups where the cows were fed with hay and concentrates. In none of the groups did the amount of dry matter consumed seem to have any influence upon the results.

scholarly journals Peranan Maahad Tahfiz Ad-Din Dalam Melahirkan Huffaz di Negeri Perak Darul Ridzuan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khairul Firdhaus Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Marzuqi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the role of Maahad Tahfiz ADDIN to produce huffaz in the State of Perak Darul Ridzuan based on the implementation of the Tahfiz Al-Quran curriculum with important instruments of collecting quantitative data (questionnaires). A survey method which was used involved 366 students from the Maahad Tahfiz Al-Quran ADDIN in the state of Perak who are randomly selected. The subjects of the study were students aged 13 years to 17 years old. A questionnaire was developed to collect the required data. The findings were analyzed descriptively by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22.0. The results show that the implementation of the goals and objectives of the Quranic Tahfiz curriculum at Maahad Tahfiz ADDIN was the highest mean of 3.60. The conclusions from this study show that the goal and objectives of tahfiz are at a good level and can be further enhanced. On the other hand, the content of the curriculum and time allocation for the Quranic memorization should be given due attention and improvements so that Maahad Tahfiz ADDIN can actually filling the gap in producing more quality huffaz in the state of Perak Darul Ridzuan.

The Miracles of an Eschatological Prophet

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Eve
Keyword(s):  
New Age ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Historical Figure ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Holy Man

While it has not been a central aspect of his work on the historical Jesus, E.P. Sanders has contributed to the understanding of Jesus’ miracles. In Jesus and Judaism, Sanders argued that Jesus was an eschatological prophet and maintains that he certainly healed people in ways that his contemporaries regarded as miraculous, but that his miracles were not signs of the end, and cannot be used to determine what type of figure he was. The fuller treatment of miracles in the later The Historical Figure of Jesus emphasizes the exorcisms and dismisses the nature miracles as having made minimal impact, leading Sanders to conclude that Jesus’ miracles were not as spectacular as the Gospels suggest, and that they probably led his contemporaries to view Jesus as a holy man like Honi the Circle-Drawer, although Jesus himself probably understood his miracles as signs of the imminent arrival of the new age, and his disciples may have come to see them as a defeat of evil powers and as a legitimation of Jesus’ claims. After summarizing Sanders’s arguments this article goes on to suggest how some of their foundations may be secured while also suggesting that the case for associating Jesus’ miracles with his role as an eschatological prophet may be stronger than Sanders allowed. It then concludes by indicating how Sanders’s account of the role of Jesus’ miracles might be further rounded out first by exploring their possible symbolism (as Sanders does with the Temple incident) and second through various social-scientific approaches.

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