The Artisan Economy and the New Spirit of Capitalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052199119
Author(s):  
Kirstin Munro ◽  
Chris O’Kane
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Ethical Life ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Moral Instruction ◽  
Youth Subcultures ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism

Against the backdrop of deindustrialization and the rise of the service economy, small artisan businesses have been promoted as a liberatory alternative to large-scale enterprise and mass production in the wake of the 2007 global financial crisis. We analyze advice manuals for aspiring artisan entrepreneurs by adapting Boltanski and Chiapello’s (2005) framework and analysis of management textbooks to investigate books for would-be artisan business owners. These texts are “manuals of moral instruction” (58) that offer the reader the promise of a more fulfilling and ethical life through self-employment. We reveal that the artisan economy promoted by these advice manuals represents a further evolution in capitalism’s co-optation of the artistic critique via the oppositional strata of punk and indie youth subcultures—and their style.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

Financial distress determinants among SMEs: empirical evidence from Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darush Yazdanfar ◽  
Peter Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically investigate determinants of financial distress among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during the global financial crisis and post-crisis periods.Design/methodology/approachSeveral statistical methods, including multiple binary logistic regression, were used to analyse a longitudinal cross-sectional panel data set of 3,865 Swedish SMEs operating in five industries over the 2008–2015 period.FindingsThe results suggest that financial distress is influenced by macroeconomic conditions (i.e. the global financial crisis) and, in particular, by various firm-specific characteristics (i.e. performance, financial leverage and financial distress in previous year). However, firm size and industry affiliation have no significant relationship with financial distress.Research limitationsDue to data availability, this study is limited to a sample of Swedish SMEs in five industries covering eight years. Further research could examine the generalizability of these findings by investigating other firms operating in other industries and other countries.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine determinants of financial distress among SMEs operating in Sweden using data from a large-scale longitudinal cross-sectional database.

Two facets of returnees’ entrepreneurship in Romania: Juxtaposing business owners and self-employed return migrants within a multi-method research framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Alin Croitoru
Keyword(s):  
Return Migration ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
European Migration

This paper contributes to the growing literature on the diversity of return migration by analysing the different types of small-scale entrepreneurship among returnees. Data from an original survey conducted among Romanian returnees and in-depth interviews with returnees in entrepreneurship are combined to reveal distinct profiles of returnee entrepreneurs and to illustrate their specific ways of thinking about entrepreneurship and migration. Currently, Romania is one of the most fertile settings to research intra-European return migration due to its important flows of temporary international migrants. The paper highlights that there are major differences between business owners and self-employed returnees in terms of entrepreneurship. Returnees who are business owners are those who benefited significantly more from migration than non-entrepreneur returnees—in terms of economic savings, human capital accumulation, and enhancement of their stocks of social capital; while returnees in self-employment reveal no significant differences for these migration outcomes compared to non-entrepreneur returnees. The distinction between the two groups of entrepreneurs has certain implications for origin states’ policies oriented towards stimulating return migration through programmes oriented towards returnees’ entrepreneurship. Keywords: Return Migration; Intra-European Migration; Entrepreneurship; Self-Employment; Multi-Method Social Research. „„„„ Articolul contribuie la literatura dedicată diversității migrației de revenire prin analiza unor tipuri diferite de antreprenoriat în rândul migranților reîntorși în țara de origine. Pentru a documenta profilurile specifice ale migranților care sunt antreprenori după revenire, sunt combinate date culese printr-un sondaj cu migranți reveniți în România și interviuri de profunzime cu migranți care au statutul de antreprenori după revenirea din străinătate. În prezent, România reprezintă unul dintre contextele excelente pentru cercetarea migrației de revenire datorită fluxurilor importante de migranți temporari internaționali. Lucrarea subliniază o serie de diferențe majore între migranții reveniți care au deschis mici afaceri și cei care lucrează pe cont propriu (de exemplu, sub formă de persoană fizică autorizată). Pe de o parte, migranții reveniți care dețin mici afaceri sunt cei care au beneficiat semnificativ mai mult din experiența de migrație comparativ cu reveniții non-antreprenori, în termeni de bani economisiți din migrație, acumulare de capital uman în străinătate și reconfigurarea capitalului social. Pe de altă parte, compararea profilurilor celor care lucrează pe cont propriu cu non-antreprenorii nu arată diferențe semnificative între cele două categorii în termeni de resurse acumulate prin experiența de migrație. Distincția dintre cele două tipuri de antreprenori poate avea implicații pentru politicile statelor de origine orientate către stimularea migrației de revenire prin programe centrate spre antreprenoriatul migranților reveniți. Cuvinte-cheie: migrație de revenire; migrație intra-europeană; antreprenoriat; angajare pe cont propriu; cercetare multi-metodă.

Systematische Bewertung von FKV-Fertigungstechnologien*/Systematic evaluation of FRP manufacturing technologies - Technology evaluation by the example of large-scale series production of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) components

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
D. Hofbauer ◽  
J. Greitemann ◽  
M. Grammer ◽  
J. Kaufmann ◽  
G. Prof. Reinhart
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Series Production ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Hochleistungswerkstoffe wurden bisher nur für Spezialanwendungen eingesetzt, da hohe Materialkosten und eine geringe Reife der Fertigungstechnologien die Anwendung in der Großserie erschwert haben. Um die grundlegende Eignung der Technologien unter Beachtung der Produktanforderungen zu ermitteln, präsentiert dieser Fachbeitrag eine Methodik für die systematische Bewertung, die am Beispiel der Großserienfertigung von Bauteilen aus Faser-Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoffen (FKV) erläutert wird.   The use of high-performance materials has so far been limited to special applications for reasons of high material costs and low maturity of manufacturing technologies. These facts avoided their use in mass production in the past. This paper presents a method for systematically evaluating technologies to determine their fundamental suitability for mass production. It is exemplified by large-scale series production of fiber-reinforced plastic components.

scholarly journals Simulation and Analysis of GaN Wafer Bowing on Sapphire Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Bin ◽  
Qu Yu-xuan ◽  
Hu Shi-gang ◽  
Tang Zhi-jun ◽  
Li Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sapphire Substrate ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Wafer Surface ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modern Mass ◽  
The Mathematical Model

During the process of heteroepitaxial growth, if the lattice constant of the growing film differs from that of the substrate, the wafer surface bows, regardless of whether the lattice mismatch occurs or not. As the growth in large-scale wafers speeds up, bowing effects are becoming more and more important. Wafer bowing has a direct impact on the yield in modern mass-production compound semiconductor industries. By using finite element analysis software, the bowing deformation of the GaN wafer on sapphire substrate can be studied. This paper summarizes the causes of bowing deformation, builds the mathematical model, and deduces the relation equation of the wafer bowing. The results show that epitaxial wafer bowing has a linear relationship with the square of the diameter of the substrate but has little relationship with the thickness of the substrate. Moreover, the relation equation of the wafer bowing is also simplified finally.

scholarly journals Confidence in future monetary policy as a way to overcome the liquidity trap

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Olga Kuznetsova ◽  
Sergey Merzlyakov ◽  
Sergey Pekarski
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Time Consistency ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Liquidity Trap ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The global financial crisis of 2007–2009 has changed the landscape for monetary policy. Many central banks in developed economies had to employ various unconventional policy tools to overcome a liquidity trap. These included large-scale asset purchase programs, forward guidance and negative interest rate policies. While recently, some central banks were able to return to conventional monetary policy, for many countries the effectiveness of unconventional policies remains an issue. In this paper we assess diverse practices of unconventional monetary policy with a particular focus on expectations and time consistency. The principal aspect of successful policy in terms of overcoming a liquidity trap is the confidence that interest rates will remain low for a prolonged period. However, forming such expectations faces the problem of time inconsistency of optimal policy. We discuss some directions to solve this problem.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Skala Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Perilaku Entrepreneurial Marketing serta kaitanya dengan Dominasi Dimensi Opportunity dan Growth Orientation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Whidya Utami ◽  
Hendro Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Dominant Dimension ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Growth Orientation

This study aims to bridge the gap in the literature by examining the dimensions of Growth Orientation, Opportunity Orientation, Total customer focus dimensions, Value creation Networking, Informal Market Analysis, Closness to The Market on large and small company scale related to Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) behavior. Thus the objectives to be developed in this study are: analyze how EM behavior in small companies compared to large companies? The dimensions of whether in entrepreneurial marketing are dominant in the context of small and large scale companies. The questionnaire was aimed at a national sample of 406 business owners in Indonesia, spread in 8 provinces. Small companies are defined as companies that employ at least 9 fewer full-time employees other than their owners, while large companies are companies that employ more than 9 full-time employees other than their owners. Snowball sampling is used to determine the selected respondent. The results showed that there are differences in entrepreneurial marketing behavior between large companies and small companies, where small scale companies have lower entrepreneurial marketing behavior compared to large scale companies. For small scale companies, it shows that opportunity orientation is the most dominant dimension, whereas in large scale companies it shows that growth orientation is the most dominant dimension.

scholarly journals Towards Repeatable, Scalable Graphene Integrated Micro-Nano Electromechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS)

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Joon Hyong Cho ◽  
David Cayll ◽  
Dipankar Behera ◽  
Michael Cullinan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
The Past ◽  
Integrated Devices ◽  
Graphene Devices ◽  
High Repeatability

The demand for graphene-based devices is rapidly growing but there are significant challenges for developing scalable and repeatable processes for the manufacturing of graphene devices. Basic research on understanding and controlling growth mechanisms have recently enabled various mass production approaches over the past decade. However, the integration of graphene with Micro-Nano Electromechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS) has been especially challenging due to performance sensitivities of these systems to the production process. Therefore, ability to produce graphene-based devices on a large scale with high repeatability is still a major barrier to the commercialization of graphene. In this review article, we discuss the merits of integrating graphene into Micro-Nano Electromechanical Systems, current approaches for the mass production of graphene integrated devices, and propose solutions to overcome current manufacturing limits for the scalable and repeatable production of integrated graphene-based devices.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
А.А. Fedchenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Dorokhova ◽  
E.S. Dashkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Post Industrial

The article examines the process of regulating employment through the introduction of digital technologies in the organizational and legal sphere. The authors considered the features of the manifestation of organizational and legal aspects of employment regulation during the transition to a post-industrial society. The attention is focused on the most problematic areas of employment regulation. The research is based on the position of continuity of socio-economic development and continuity of its stages. The study made it possible to identify quantitative, structural, and qualitative transformations in the field of employment in the Russian Federation, related to information and digital technologies. These changes require the solution of a set of tasks to improve the system of organizational and legal regulation of employment: limiting the negative impact of digital technologies in the process of regulating employment; regulation of organizational and legal regulation of all types of “agency labor” and its adjustment, considering the spread of its non-standard forms in terms of expanding the scope of digital technologies; ensuring cooperation between all parties of social and labor relations on issues related to the use of non-standard forms of employment in the context of the introduction of digital technologies; reduction of “digital illiteracy” among jobseekers; positioning of electronic self-employment as a promising form of employment regulation. Based on the results of the study, the authors determined the vector for solving these problems, considering the large-scale use of digital technologies.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Ag micro-particles based on stress-induced migration by using multilayered structure with artificial holes array

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110381
Author(s):  
Yebo Lu ◽  
Quan Sun ◽  
Chuncheng Zuo ◽  
Chengli Tang ◽  
Haijun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Passivation Layer ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Controllable Fabrication ◽  
Foil Substrate

Silver micro/nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their superior physicochemical properties. The atomic migration driven by electromigration or stress-induced migration has been demonstrated to be a promising method for the fabrication of metallic micro-/nanomaterials because of the advantage of simple processing. However, how to realize the controllable fabrication and mass production is still the critical technical problem for the method to be used in large-scale industrial applications. In this paper, the multilayered samples consisted of copper foil substrate, Ti adhesive layer, Ag film, and TiN passivation layer and with arrays of artificial holes on the passivation layer were applied to prepare arrays of Ag micro-particles. For the purpose of controllable fabrication, stress-induced migration experiments combined with finite element simulation were applied to analyze the influence of the passivation layer thickness and the heating temperature on the atom migration and Ag particles growing behavior. And the relationship between size of the fabricated Ag particles and the processing parameters of stress-induced migration experiments were also investigated. As a result, a proper structure size of the multilayered samples and heating temperature were recommended, which can be used for the Ag micro-particles controllable fabrication and mass production.

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