Development of arc welding technique to preclude microsegregation in the dissimilar joint of Alloy C-2000 and C-276

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110000
Author(s):  
B Arulmurugan ◽  
M Sathishkumar ◽  
D Balaji ◽  
K Muralikrishnan ◽  
S Pranesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dissimilar Weld ◽  
Dissimilar Alloys ◽  
Average Grain Size

Hastelloy C-2000 and C-276 are widely used in Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) system and Chemical Processing Industries (CPI). Current work is focused on weld microstructure, and mechanical properties (structure-property relationship) of the dissimilar combination of alloy C-2000 and C-276. Multi-pass Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc (PCGTA) welding was adopted for joining the dissimilar alloys using the filler ERNiCrMo-17. Microstructural characteristics of the weld joint were assessed by Optical and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Weld interface microstructure examination revealed the presence of grain coarsening near the Heat Affecting Zone (HAZ) of the alloy C-276 side. SEM analysis shows the absence of secondary Topologically Closed Packed (TCP) phases in the Inter-Dendritic (ID) regions of the dissimilar weld. Micro-segregation of alloying elements in the weldment was assessed by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis had been carried out to identify the phase constitution and average grain size. Strength, toughness, and hardness of the dissimilar weld were evaluated with the support of the tensile test, Charpy impact test, and Vicker’s hardness test. Tensile study showed that all the tensile fracture occurred at the base metal side of alloy C-276. The average toughness of the dissimilar alloy joint was noted about 84 J. Hardness test results indicated that fusion zone (FZ) hardness value was 6.19% and 2.27% superior to the candidates’ material (C-276 and C-2000) employed in this study. The refined grain structure and absence of microsegregation resulted in the highest hardness in the dissimilar weld FZ. Results revealed the substantiated use of PCGTA welding for the effective joining of dissimilar alloys of C-2000 and C-276 through the evaluation of metallurgical and mechanical characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Re and Tm-site on morphology structure and optical band gap of ReTmO3 (Re: La, Ce, Nd, Gd, Dy, Y and Tm: Fe, Cr) prepared by sol-gel method

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tufiq Jamil ◽  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
Syed Hamad Bukhari ◽  
Murtaza Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Auto Combustion ◽  
Uv Visible

Rare earth nano sized pollycrystalline orthoferrites and orthocromites ReT mO3 (Re = La, Nd, Gd, Dy, Y and T m = Fe, Cr) have been synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion citrate method. The samples have been characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The samples are single phase as confirmed by XRD analysis and correspond to the orthorhombic crystal symmetry with space group pbnm. Debye Scherer formula and Williamson Hall analysis have been used to calculate the average grain size which is consistent with that of determined from SEM analysis and varied between 25-75 nm. The elemental compositions of all samples have been checked by EDX analysis. Different crystallographic parameters are calculated with strong structural correlation among Re and Tm sites. The optical energy band gap has been calculated by using Tauc relation estimated to be in the range of 1.77 - 1.87 eV and 2.77 - 3.14 eV, for ReFeO3 and ReCrO3, respectively.

Effect of Temperature on Structural and Optical Properties of Chemically Deposited Tin Sulfide Thin Films Suitable for Photovoltaic Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Buffer Layers ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Deposited Films

SnS (tin sulphide) is of interest for use as an absorber layer and the wider energy band gap phases e.g. SnS2, Sn2S3and Sn/S/O alloys of interest as Cd-free buffer layers for use in thin film solar cells. Thin films of tin sulphide have been deposited using CBD at three different bath temperatures (27, 35 and 45 °C) onto microscope glass substrates. The X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the deposited films reveled that all films has orthorhombic SnS phase as dominant one with preferred orientations along (111) direction. The temperature influence on the crystalline nature and the presence of other phases of SnS has been observed. The average grain size in the films determined from Scherers formula as well as from Williamson-Hall-plot method agrees well with each other. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis used to determine the film composition suggested that films are almost stoichiometric. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that deposited films are pinhole free and consists of uniformly distributed spherical grains. The optical analysis in the 200-1200 nm range suggests that direct allowed transitions are dominant in the absorption process in the films with variation in the band gap (~1.79 to ~2.05 eV) due to variation in deposition temperature.

Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Fe(C) and Fe(O) Nanoparticles

2001 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Cheng Sun ◽  
N. Nava ◽  
J. Reyes-Gasga
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hrtem Observation ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Fe Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Coated

AbstractTwo types of iron (Fe) nanoparticles, carbon-coated Fe nanoparticles (Fe(C)) and pure α-Fe nanoparticles that coated with oxide layers (Fe(O)), have been successfully synthesized using modified graphite arc-discharge method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) and electron diffraction (SAED) analysis have been used to characterize these distinct structural morphologies. It is indicated that those two Fe nanoparticles have an average grain size of 15-20nm. The presence of carbon encapsulated α-Fe, γ-Fe and Fe3C phases are clearly identified by X-ray diffraction and SAED patterns in those Fe(C) particles. However, the evidence of pure α-Fe nanocrystal coated with oxide layer is also revealed by HR-TEM images and SAED patterns in these Fe(O) particles.Mössbauer spectra and hyperfine magnetic fields at room temperature for the assemblies of Fe(C) and Fe(O) nanoparticles further confirm their distinct nanophases that detected by XRD analysis and HRTEM observation. Specially, the assemblies of Fe(O) nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic properties at room temperature due to the stronger interparticle interaction and bigger magnetocrystalline anisotropy effects among these Fe(O) nanoparticles. Moreover, modified superparamagnetic relaxation is observed in the assemblies of Fe(C) nanoparticles, which is attributed to the nanocrystalline nature of the carbon-coated nanoparticles.

Effect on structural and magnetic properties of aluminum substituted Ni–Zn nanoferrite system prepared via citrate-gel route

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550032 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rajesh Babu ◽  
M. S. R. Prasad ◽  
K. V. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Gaussian Peak ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Structural And Magnetic Properties

Nickel zinc aluminum nanoferrites with general formula Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2-x Al x O 4(x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25) were prepared by citrate-gel autocombustion method and heat treated in air at 1100°C for 4 h. The crystallography, surface morphology and magnetic properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. XRD analysis confirms that the system exhibits polycrystalline single phase cubic spinel structure and absence of any secondary phases. The crystallite size estimated from Scherrer formula for the Gaussian peak (311) has been found to be around 30 nm. The results obtained show that with Al 3+ doping, the lattice parameter decreases due to smaller ionic radii of Al 3+ ions replaces larger Fe 3+ ions. The distribution of Al 3+ ions over tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites is estimated from X-ray intensity calculations. The arrangement of magnetic ions among the tetrahedral and octahedral sites due to the substitution of Al 3+ ions modifies the saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc). The room temperature magnetization values increases up to x = 0.1 and then decreases for the increase in aluminum concentration above x > 0.1. Surface topography of the powder samples exhibits nearly spherical shape microstructure and the average grain size has been found to be 180 nm (x = 0.05). The observed variations in the structural and magnetic properties are discussed in the light of existing understanding.

Refining performance and recession of Al–TiO2–C–La2O3 refiners

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Xiao-wei Han ◽  
Zong-biao Zhang ◽  
Rui-ying Zhang ◽  
Peng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refining Effect ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Refining Performance ◽  
Commercial Pure Aluminum

Abstract Al–TiO2–C–La2O3 refiners were synthesized by the in-situ exothermic dispersion method using TiO2, C, Al and La2O3 powders as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the microstructures of the Al–TiO2–C–La2O3 refiners. Commercial pure aluminum was refined by the Al–TiO2–C–La2O3 refiners, aimed at investigating refining performance and the resistance to recession. The results show that the Al–TiO2– C–La2O3 refiner with 0.2% La2O3 is composed of α-Al, blocky Al3Ti, dispersive Al2O3 and TiC, which has a better refining effect on commercial pure aluminum than the Al– TiO2–C refiner. The average grain size refined by the above refiner is about 80 μm and it performs better and has a longer refining effect. The grain structure refined by Al–TiO2– C–La2O3 becomes finer within 5 min and remains the same after 120 min, while refined by the Al–TiO2–C refiner the equivalent times are 10 min and 30 min respectively.

Development of High Strength Ductile Iron with Niobium Addition

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Ahmed Jaffar ◽  
Abdul Hakim Abdullah ◽  
Norhisyam Jenal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Mg Addition

The studies emphasis on the development of niobium alloyed ductile iron with higher strength comparing to unalloyed ductile iron. 0.5wt% to 2wt% niobium were added into mixture of ductile iron casting containing pig iron, carburizer and steel scrap, and nodulized through 1.6wt% Fe-Si-Mg addition in CO2 sand casting process. Samples were then machined according to TS EN 10001 standards for tensile test and ASTM E23 for Charpy impact test. In addition, Rockwell hardness test was also performed. Microstructure observations were made after 2% Nital chemical etched and the phase structures were validated through XRD analysis. It was found that addition of niobium in ductile iron provide significant enhancement in mechanical properties when compared to unalloyed ductile iron. Addition of higher amount of niobium had further increased the strength and impact toughness properties. The enhancement of the mechanical properties is expected to further expand the applications of ductile iron.

scholarly journals Estimation of Lattice Strain in Lanthanum Hexa Aluminate Nanoparticles Using X-Ray Peak Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Naga Venkata Sai Ram Yellapragada ◽  
Tara Sasanka Cherukuri ◽  
Prabakaran Jayaraman ◽  
Sameer Kumar Devarakonda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Peak Broadening ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

This work confers to the preparation of Lanthanum Hexa Aluminate (LHA) nanoparticles by chemical precipitation and filtration technique followed by characterization studies conducted through X-ray peak profile analysis (XPPA) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) supported by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it has been observed that the prepared powder has hexagonal crystal structure. Further, Scherrer Method (S-M), modified Williamson–Hall (W-H), and Size–Strain Plot (SSP) methods have been implemented to all LHA reflection peaks for the comprehensive crystalline analysis. The influence of crystallite size, stress, strain, and energy density values on the peak broadening of LHA nanoparticles has been critically examined and discussed in the current work. In addition to regular mathematical models this paper also provides an insight into the calculation of Youngs modulus without tedious experimental procedure. The predicted crystallite size estimated from Scherrer’s formula, and W-H models are correlated to scanning electron microscopy results and observed that the average grain size of LHA nano particles estimated from SEM analysis, and models have less deviation in the present study.

scholarly journals Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Thin Films Using Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mariappan ◽  
V. Ponnuswamy ◽  
P. Jayamurugan ◽  
R. N. Jayaprakash ◽  
R. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Technique ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Nebulizer Spray

thin films have been deposited on glass substrates at substrate temperature 400°C through nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the films structure is changed from hexagonal to tetragonal. The high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) studies reveal that the substrate is well covered with a number of grains indicating compact morphology with an average grain size 50–79 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) reveals the average ratio of the atomic percentage. Optical transmittance study shows the presence of direct transition. Band gap energy decreases from 3.33 to 2.87 eV with respect to the rise of Sn content. The electrical resistivity of the thin films was found to be 106 Ω-m.

Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Fe-33Ni-18Cr Alloy in Different Heat Treatment Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Zahraa Zulnuraini ◽  
Noraziana Parimin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Isothermal Oxidation ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size

This research study describes the influence of different heat treatment temperature on isothermal oxidation of Fe-33Ni-18Cr alloy. The Fe-33Ni-18Cr alloy was undergone heat treatment at three different temperatures, namely 1000 °C, 1100 °C and 1200 °C for 3h soaking time followed by water quench to vary the grain size of the alloy. This alloy was ground by using several grit of silicon carbide papers as well as weighed by using analytical balance and measured by using Vernier caliper before oxidation test. The heat-treated Fe-33Ni-18Cr alloy was isothermally oxidized at 800 °C for 150h. The characterization of oxidized samples was carried out using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that, increasing the heat treatment temperature was increased the average grain size. The kinetics of oxidation followed the parabolic rate law which represents diffusion-controlled oxide growth rate. Fine grain structure of 1000 °C sample shows minimum weight gain and lower oxidation rate compared to samples of 1100 °C and 1200 °C that indicated oxide spallation and porous structure. Besides, phase analysis showed that the oxidized sample formed several oxide phases.

scholarly journals Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and Morphological Properties of Europium (III) Oxide Doped Willemite

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fatin Syamimi ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori ◽  
Way Foong Lim ◽  
Sidek Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Europium Oxide ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Quenching Method

Willemite- (Zn2SiO4-) based glass ceramics doped with various amounts of europium oxide (Eu2O3) were prepared by solid state melting and quenching method. Effect of sintering temperature (600–1000°C) on structural and morphological properties of the doped samples was investigated. Phase composition, phase evolution, functional groups, and microstructure analysis were, respectively, characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray. XRD analysis detected the presence of rhombohedral crystalline phase in the doped samples sintered at different temperatures. FE-SEM and bulk density results confirmed that doping of the willemite with Eu2O3effectively enhanced densification. The microstructural analysis of the doped samples showed that the average grain size increased with the increase of sintering temperature.

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