scholarly journals Fracture Test Methods: Current Status

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 096369359200100
Author(s):  
P Davies
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Delamination Resistance ◽  
Fracture Tests ◽  
Industrial Standards

Fracture tests to measure delamination resistance are among the most widely used non-standardized tests currently performed on composite materials. Unfortunately it has been shown that the values obtained from such tests can vary by a factor of two according to specimen geometry and data interpretation. It is therefore essential that a standard test method be developed. This presentation will describe the current efforts directed towards an internationally accepted test method, involving the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS), ASTM and the Japanese Industrial Standards Group.

Round-Robin of High-Frequency Test Methods by IPC-D24C Task Group

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Glenn Oliver ◽  
Jonathan Weldon ◽  
Chudy Nwachukwu ◽  
John Andresakis ◽  
John Coonrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Industry Standard

Currently, there is no industry standard test method for measuring dielectric properties of circuit board materials at frequencies greater than ~10 GHz. Various material vendors and test laboratories apply different approaches to determine these properties. It is common for these different approaches to yield varying values of key properties such as permittivity and loss tangent. The D-24C Task Group of IPC has developed this round-robin program to assess these various methods from the “bottom up” to determine if standardized methods can be agreed upon to provide the industry with more accurate and valid characteristics of dielectrics used in high-frequency and high-speed applications.

scholarly journals An Innovative Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete by Applying the Strut-and-Tie Methodology

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Cheng Liao ◽  
Po-Shao Chen ◽  
Chung-Wen Hung ◽  
Suyash Kishor Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Direct Tension Test ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
Tensile Strength Test

Tensile strength is one of the important mechanical properties of concrete, but it is difficult to measure accurately due to the brittle nature of concrete in tension. The three widely used test methods for measuring the tensile strength of concrete each have their shortcomings: the direct tension test equipment is not easy to set up, particularly for alignment, and there are no standard test specifications; the tensile strengths obtained from the test method of splitting tensile strength (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C496) and that of flexural strength of concrete (ASTM C78) are significantly different from the actual tensile strength owing to mechanisms of methodologies and test setup. The objective of this research is to develop a new concrete tensile strength test method that is easy to conduct and the result is close to the direct tension strength. By applying the strut-and-tie concept and modifying the experimental design of the ASTM C78, a new concrete tensile strength test method is proposed. The test results show that the concrete tensile strength obtained by this proposed method is close to the value obtained from the direct tension test for concrete with compressive strengths from 25 to 55 MPa. It shows that this innovative test method, which is precise and easy to conduct, can be an effective alternative for tensile strength of concrete.

A Study on Improving the Adhesiveness between Granite and Asphalt by Nano-Scaled Calcium Carbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Hong Hao ◽  
Yan Min Wang ◽  
Ai Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Highway Engineering ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Marshall Stability

Granite, due to the poor adhesiveness with asphalt, cannot be widely used as aggregate in asphalt pavement. In this study, nanoscaled calcium carbonate (CaCO3), was selected as modifier to modify asphalt. The adhesion of aggregate and asphalt was evaluated by Boiling test method and the Marshall Test and Immersion Marshall Test were conducted on asphalt concrete (AC-16) according to the Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixture for Highway Engineering (JTG E20-2011). The results showed that When the Doping content of CaCO3 (%) is 7%, the adhesion levels reached up to 5 grade and achieved the project requirements. The Immersion Marshall Stability (MS1) of AC-16 CaCO3 modified asphalt concrete can improve 27.6% than that the Matrix asphalt concrete.

Evaluation of the Scott bond test method

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Fellers ◽  
Sören Östlund ◽  
Petri Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Tensile Tester ◽  
Delamination Resistance ◽  
Energy Consuming

Abstract The Scott bond test is the most commonly used test method for quantifying the delamination resistance of paper and board. The objective of this investigation was to validate the hypothesis that the Scott bond value would be dominated by the total energy under the force elongation curve in a z-directional tensile test. The investigation comprised three types of hand sheets with comparatively low strength values. Three test methods were used to obtain the energy for delamination: 1) Z-test, a z-directional tensile test, 2) Scott bond test, and 3) Simulated Scott bond test, a Scott bond type of test performed in a hydraulic tensile tester. The test data were expressed as a correlation between the failure energy obtained from the Z-test and the other two tests. The results showed that the Scott bond test gave slightly higher values than the Z-test for the weakest paper, but that the value tended to be much higher for the stronger papers. On the other hand the Simulated Scott bond test tended to give lower values than the Z-test. High speed photography was used to reveal several energy consuming mechanisms in the Scott bond test that can explain why this test gave higher values than the Ztest. The lower values from the Simulated Scott bond values are more difficult to explain. At this stage we can suggest that the failure mechanism is different if the paper is delaminated by pure tension or by a gradual delamination as in the Scott bond test.

Standards Development for the Characterization of Quantum Dot Suspensions and Solids

2009 ◽  
Vol 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Davis ◽  
Seth Coe-Sullivan ◽  
Oleg Shchekin ◽  
K.C. Mishra ◽  
Madis Raukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractLuminescent nanoparticles such as quantum dots (QDs) are beginning to appear in SSL devices and other commercial products. The allure of QDs in SSL these applications is the potential to provide enhanced device performance (e.g., improved energy efficiency, better color rendering properties, etc.) than is possible with conventional technologies. When used in SSL and other applications, QDs are typically incorporated into or coated onto a solid organic or inorganic matrix and then are excited using external stimuli (e.g., blue light with a maximum wavelength of 450 nm). This structure is vastly different from the colloidal environment in which QDs are typically synthesized and characterized. Bridging the gap between the measurements typically acquired by QD providers and those needed by potential end-users is currently difficult due to the absence of agreed upon standard test methods. Measurements taken in colloidal QD suspensions often do not translate to solid-phase material characterizations due to a variety of factors including sample preparation methods (e.g., temperature, solvents, etc), QD concentrations, and effects arising from the presence of the solid matrix. Additionally, solid samples are more likely to exhibit diffuse reflectance and/or diffuse transmittance necessitating the use of an integrating sphere and a computer-controlled spectrometer to acquire accurate readings. This paper discusses the development of a standard test method to measure the quantum efficiency of QDs contained in solid organic and inorganic matrices. This standard is being developed under the auspices of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Technical Committee 113 on Nano-electrotechnologies.

scholarly journals Leaching of nanoparticles from nano-enabled products for the protection of cultural heritage surfaces: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brunelli ◽  
Loris Calgaro ◽  
Elena Semenzin ◽  
Virginia Cazzagon ◽  
Elisa Giubilato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractThe development of highly innovative techniques and technologies to enhance performance and technical sustainability of materials used in the field of cultural heritage conservation is providing conservators with innovative nanocomposites materials, including protective coatings, by merging the performances of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with conventional chemicals. However, the human health and environmental risks that may potentially arise from these new materials are still largely unknown, requiring an adequate assessment and management along their entire life cycle. Concerns could emerge due to the leaching of the material containing NPs or of the NPs alone, especially during their use (exposure of the treated object to, e.g., heavy or acid rain) and disposal (when the wasted product is processed in, e.g., waste water treatment plants). To date, no standard leaching test methods have been specifically developed for nano-enabled products, with the consequent lack of data on the NPs potential exposure also in the field of cultural heritage. Therefore, an extensive review over the last 10 years by querying to the Scopus database “nanoparticles”, “leaching” and “coatings” has been herein reported to clearly highlight (i) the standard test methods used or adapted to estimate the NPs leaching from nano-based coatings; (ii) the available studies in which the NPs leaching from nano-based coatings was estimated without following any specific standard test method; (iii) the works focusing on other nanocomposite materials performances than leaching, in which standard test methods were applied, potentially useful to indirectly estimate NPs leaching. All the information gathered by this bibliographic search have been used to identify the most promising leaching tests for NPs estimation to be applied in the field of cultural heritage, especially for both large, e.g., building façades, and small, e.g., bronze works of art, surface areas from which the leaching of nano-based materials could be significant in terms of human health and ecological risks, based also on the (eco)toxicity of the leachate. The derived information can thus ultimately support effective risk management of innovative nano-enabled products, including the implementation of Safe by Design approaches.

scholarly journals Present Status of Standardization for Fine Ceramics in Japan

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Matsuhiro ◽  
Minoru Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Japanese Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Industrial Standards

The commercialization of ceramic components for structural applications are continuing gradually, but not as quickly as expected. One of the obvious reasons is that a worldwide, common set of standard methods to compare and assure the ceramic component quality does not exist. In order to solve this problem, Japan has set up cooperative activities industrial standards for the structural ceramics among the government, academia and industry. As of 1992, 16 methods of the standard testing procedure had been settled. However, further work is needed, as at least another 203 standards are required. The following topics will be reviewed. 1. The relevant organizations, their task functions, and how they are co-working with each other. 2. Schedule of standardization settlement. 3. General steps involved in finishing a standard test method. 4. Present view on utilizing properties measured by standard methods of Japanese industry. 5. Future tasks to be solved.

Standardized Test Methods for Use in Waste Compliance Testing in the Department of Energy'S Waste Acceptance Process

1986 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Mellinger
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Compliance Testing ◽  
American Society

Summary:Standardized test methods that are currently in use or under development appear to adequately cover most of the testing that may be required to demonstrate compliance with the WAPS. It may be important to complete standardization of those tests that are under development, and to develop additional standardized tests for those specifications for which no standardized tests exist. A significant amount of work would be involved in this effort. Therefore, before this effort is undertaken, DOE must decide whether there is a need for a set of standardized test methods that would receive an “official approval” for use in waste compliance testing. If a set of approved tests is needed, DOE would need to determine what types of tests to include in the “approved list”, who should develop these tests, and which organizations should review and approve the test methods. Test method review and approval might be accomplished through the use of the Materials Review Board (MRB), an organization that was created by DOE for the purpose of reviewing and approving key test methods and data related to the repository licensing process. Alternatively, other means of standardizing these tests might be considered, such as processing the tests through the American Society for Testing and Materials for publication as ASTM standards.If a set of approved tests is adopted, producers would not be required to use these tests; however, if a producer wished to propose other tests for compliance testing, it would be reasonable to require that such test procedures undergo a review/approval process similar to that which the officially approved tests had undergone. Once approved, these alternate procedures could be used for compliance testing.

Model Tests for Evaluating the Impact of Low Viscosity Tailor-Made Biofuels on Tribological Contacts in Injection Pumps

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Heitzig ◽  
Alexander Weinebeck ◽  
Hubertus Murrenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Lubricity

In the scope of the cluster of excellence “Tailor-made Fuels from Biomass” new biofuels are developed within an interdisciplinary research approach at RWTH Aachen University. To ensure a safe and reliable functioning of the new fuels in combination with state of the art fuel injection equipment, every fuel has to fulfil requirements regarding its tribological performance, which depends on characteristics like dynamic viscosity and fuel lubricity. Hence, one focus of the cluster lies on the tribological characteristics of the fuel candidates. Biofuel candidates which have been investigated so far and which are suitable for the use in self-ignition engines as surrogates for fossil diesel fuel tend to have lower viscosities and show varying lubrication behaviour, compared to diesel. As a standard test method for diesel fuel lubricity the HFRR test is well established. Nevertheless, relying on the established diesel-pass/fail criterion, which is defined in several norms, is disputable, since the investigated biofuels differ strongly from modern diesel fuels. To identify the relevant fuel properties and to gain a more detailed understanding of the wear and friction processes within the critical contacts, results of different tribological test methods, including the HFRR test and a disc-on-disc tribometer, are presented, compared and discussed in this paper. In order to estimate the validity of the established HFRR pass/fail criterion for low viscosity biofuels the experimental results are compared to simulation outcomes of elasto-hydrodynamic simulations of the main tribological contacts in a standard common rail injection pump.

scholarly journals Literature Survey of Gaseous Hydrogen Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Lam ◽  
R. L. Sindelar ◽  
A. J. Duncan ◽  
T. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Alloy Steels

A compendium of mechanical properties of carbon and low alloy steels following hydrogen exposure has been assembled from literature sources. The property sets include yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, reduction in area, threshold stress intensity factor, fracture toughness, and fatigue crack growth. These properties are from literature sources under a variety of test methods and conditions. The collection of literature data is by no means complete, but the diversity of data and dependency of results on test method are sufficient to warrant a design and implementation of a standardized test program. The program would be needed to enable a defensible demonstration of structural integrity of a pressurized hydrogen system. It is essential that the environmental variables be well-defined (e.g., the applicable hydrogen gas pressure range and the test strain rate) and the specimen preparation be realistically consistent (such as the techniques to charge hydrogen and to maintain the hydrogen concentration in the specimens).

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