Child’s Religiosity, Ethnic Origin, and Gender: A Randomized Experimental Examination of Risk Assessment and Placement Decisions in Cases of Ambiguous Risk to Children From Low SES Families

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Enosh ◽  
Hani Nouman ◽  
Chana Schneck
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Placement Decisions ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
And Gender

Social workers are called upon as expert witnesses to assess risk to children and recommend interventions. It is hypothesized that risk assessments and decisions are influenced by the risk-to-child as well as personal attitudes and biases. We examined the role of the ethnic origin, religiosity, and child gender on assessments and recommendation. Methods: The current study used a survey-based balanced crossover experimental design. One hundred and twenty Israeli social workers responded to case descriptions of ambiguous risk cases of children from low socioeconomic status families. Design was based on eight vignettes. Manipulated factors included child’s gender, family religiosity, and ethnic origin. Participants assessed the child risk level and reported placement recommendation. Results: Male, ultraorthodox-Jewish child of Mizrahi origin had higher likelihood for risk assessment. Risk assessment predicted placement recommendation. Implications: Social workers tend to perceive child’s male gender, ultrareligiosity, and Mizrahi origin as risk factors. Such cultural biases indirectly affected the placement recommendation. Awareness of social workers regarding these potential biases may reduce the influence of heuristics on the professional decision-making process.

scholarly journals Improving participation of hard-to-reach older people in diet interventions: the INVITE strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bocquier ◽  
C Dubois ◽  
P Verger ◽  
N Darmon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Home Visit ◽  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Abstract Background A lot of behavioural interventions promoting healthy eating and physical activity are focusing older people, but, among them, individuals from low socioeconomic status and/or experiencing social isolation participate less. The aim of the present study was to design, pilot and perform a formative evaluation of an active recruitment strategy called ’INVITE’. This strategy aimed to improve participation of hard-to-reach older people in existing collective workshops combining diet and physical activities dedicated to older people. Methods We co-constructed this strategy, based on results from a literature review, qualitative interviews with older people and professionals using the Behaviour Change Wheel framework as a guide. INVITE includes 5 steps: i) identification of socially deprived/isolated people aged 60-85 years in retirement fund databases; ii) postal invitation letter; iii) phone call; iv) home visit by a social worker. The formative evaluation used questionnaires (closed and open-ended questions) completed by 2 social workers in April 2019. Results Among the 54 older people selected in the databases, 29 could be reached by phone. Among these 29 persons, 25 reported being interested by the collective workshops; 17 refused the home visit (main reasons: not available during the workshops period, current health problems); 12 accepted the home visit, but only 10 could be visited at home (one was ill; one cancelled the visit). Nine out of these 10 persons accepted to participate to the workshops. The main motivating factors were that workshops were: free; perceived as friendly; and as an opportunity to “go out” and to receive diet counselling to improve diet quality with no additional cost. Conclusions The INVITE strategy was perceived positively but adjustments are needed to improve home visits acceptation rate (e.g., by revising the criteria used to identify people in the databases). We will now evaluate the attendance rate to the collective workshop. Key messages The INVITE strategy was designed to improve participation of hard-to-reach older people in combined diet and physical activity collective workshops. This strategy was perceived positively by most older people contacted and both social workers.

scholarly journals Psychiatric profile of patients with alcoholism

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Versi L. ◽  
Umashankar M.
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Background: The overall personality is related to the treatment outcome. Hence for successful treatment and management of alcohol dependent cases, it is essential to understand their personality. Objective was to study the psychiatric profile of patients with alcoholism.Methods: Present cross sectional hospital based study was conducted for six months in department of psychiatry, Institute of mental health, Hyderabad, a tertiary care psychiatric facility. This 600 bedded hospital has a daily outpatient clinic and provides inpatient care. Alcohol dependence syndrome and uncomplicated withdrawal state patients only were included in the present study. Age less than 18 and more than 60 years, patients with mental retardation, patients with personality disorders were excluded.Results: Majority of subjects belongs upper low socioeconomic status 57.50% (n=23), 36 (90%) were Hindus, two (5%) were Muslims and two (5%) were Christians. 42.5% (n=17) were illiterate, 22.5% (n=9) were having primary school education. 12.5% (n=5) were single, 87.5% (n=35) were married. 77.5% (n=31) were unskilled, 17.5% (n=7) were semiskilled, and 5% (n=2) were skilled. Maximum were from rural areas (67.5%) and 32.5% were from urban areas. self-injurious behavior is female and males are same 25% (n=5). Majority of males in the high-risk level of severity of alcoholism has banging head against something, to the extent that caused a bruise to appear type of behavior.Conclusions: Majority alcoholics were from low social classes, were illiterate, were married, unskilled workers. Hence these group people should be paid proper attention to prevent the occurrence of alcoholism among them.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationship between socioeconomic status, smoking cessation services provided by the health system and smoking cessation behavior in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Salem Szklo ◽  
James F. Thrasher ◽  
Cristina Perez ◽  
Valeska Carvalho Figueiredo ◽  
Geoffrey Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

Increasing the effectiveness of smoking cessation policies requires greater consideration of the cultural and socioeconomic complexities of smoking. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between socioeconomic status and "selected midpoints" linked to smoking cessation in Brazil. Data was collected from a representative sample of urban adult smokers as part of the ITC-Brazil Survey (2009, N = 1,215). After controlling for age and gender, there were no statistically significant differences quit attempts in the last six months between individuals with different socioeconomic status. However, smokers with high socioeconomic status visited a doctor 1.54 times more often than those with low socioeconomic status (p-value = 0.017), and were also 1.65 times more likely to receive advice to quit smoking (p-value = 0.025). Our results demonstrate that disparities in health and socioeconomic status are still a major challenge for policymakers to increase the population impact of tabacco control actions worldwide.

scholarly journals Predictive Properties of a General Risk-Need Measure in Diverse Justice Involved Youth: A Prospective Field Validity Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110046
Author(s):  
Jessica Prince ◽  
Kristine Lovatt ◽  
Keira C. Stockdale ◽  
Mark E. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
Aggregate Sample ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Overall Risk

The current investigation was a prospective field validity study examining the discrimination and calibration properties of a general risk-need tool (Level of Service Inventory–Saskatchewan Youth Edition [LSI-Sk]) in a diverse sample of 284 court adjudicated youths, rated by their youth workers on the measure and followed up an average of 9.3 years. The overall risk level and need total demonstrated moderate predictive accuracy for general, violent, and nonviolent recidivism in the aggregate sample, although area under the curve (AUC) magnitudes fluctuated among gender and Indigenous ethnocultural subgroups. Variability in AUC values for the measure’s eight criminogenic need domains further reflected greater salience of certain needs among subgroups. Finally, clinician rated level of gang involvement incrementally predicted recidivism to varying degrees after controlling for overall risk and need. Implications for responsible use of risk assessment tools as part of individualized and gender/ethnoculturally responsive risk assessment practices with youth are discussed.

scholarly journals Subjective Well-Being Analysis of Minang Adolescents Based on Parents' Socio-Economic Status and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Indah Rizki Ramadani ◽  
Herman Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

One of the factors that influence subjective well-being (SWB) is socioeconomic status and gender. This study aims to analyze the differences in SWB of Minang adolescents based on socioeconomic status and gender. The research method used quantitative descriptive comparative with a sample of 182 Minang teenagers (9 people with high socioeconomic status, 76 moderate, and 97 people with low socioeconomic status, or 48 men and 134 women). The instruments used are the Socio-Economic Status List and the SWB Filling List. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test and the T test. The results showed that there was no difference in the SWB of Minang adolescents based on the socioeconomic status of their parents and by gender.

scholarly journals Investigating Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life of Greeks and Albanian Immigrants with the Generic EQ-5D Questionnaire

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Lahana ◽  
Dimitris Niakas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Perceived Quality Of Life ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Albanian Immigrants ◽  
And Gender

Background.Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been related by previous studies to low self-perceived HRQoL. Health is a major determinant of the society’s welfare, and few studies have determined the relevant elements that contribute to health and quality of life in Greece.Aim.The aim of the study was to evaluate and test for differences in HRQoL of Greek and Albanian immigrant population according to ethnicity and their demographic and SES characteristics.Methods.The study was conducted in a sample of 660 age-matched and gender-matched Greeks and Albanian immigrants. Moderate or severe decrease in HRQoL was assessed with the generic tool EQ-5D. Differences were statistically analyzed byt-test and ANOVA. Also, logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted for the dependent variables of the EQ-5D dimensions and VAS scores, respectively.Results.The Albanian immigrants reported better self-perceived health than their Greek counterparts. Health problems increase moderately with age and lower SES and are slightly higher for women than for men. Urbanity and superior education in both Greeks and Albaniansareassociated with worse HRQoL.Conclusion.There are some structural and compositional differences in the self-perceived quality of life between the two ethnicities, as estimated by EQ-5D. The combined information presentstopublic health providers the relevant data to assess health policies according to health needs.

Physical Activity in Prepubescent Children: Relationship with Residential Altitude and Socioeconomic Status

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han C.G. Kemper ◽  
Mariëlle Spekreijse ◽  
Jaap Slooten ◽  
G. Bertheke Post ◽  
Desiree C. Welten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Day ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

The main purpose of this study was to measure physical activity of 10- to 12-year-old prepubescent boys and girls living in Bolivia at low altitude (400 m above sea level) and at high altitude (4,000 m) with either a low socioeconomic status (LSES) or a high socioeconomic status (HSES). Habitual physical activity was measured by 24-hour heart rate (HR) monitoring during a normal school day. The mean HR is expressed as a percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR%) and the time spent at 50–85% HRR. Analysis by ANOVA showed no significant effects (p > .05) in HRR%. However, the boys spent significantly (p < .05) more time at 50–85% HRR (M = 51 min) than did girls (M = 34 min), and LSES children significantly (p < .01) more (M = 51 min) than HSES children (M = 32 min). There was also a significant interaction between SES and gender, indicating that the difference between boys and girls was significantly (p < .05) greater in LSES than in HSES, and the difference between LSES and HSES children was significantly (p < .05) greater in boys than in girls.

scholarly journals Parents’ perception on factors of early marriage among the Urhobos in Delta State of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. Agege ◽  
Ezekiel Uba Nwose ◽  
Stella Odjimogho
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
News Media ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Of Marriage

Early marriage forces girls into adulthood before they are emotionally and physically matured, and it has harmful effects on their health, educational, economic and social development. In many countries, 18 years is the legal age of marriage and Nigeria has made a constitutional effort to establish same as a minimum age for marriage. This narrative review examined the causes and consequences of early marriage with a view to establish framework to assess the perception on factors among Urhobos in Nigeria. Unpublished stories are appraised alongside news media and published literature to illustrate scenarios that exemplify discussed causes. Several causes of early marriage were noted and gender discrimination, ignorance, and unexpected pregnancy appear salient or are under-discussed. There is evidence that men and women prefer husbands to earn higher wages than wives and females are less ambitious. Although there are public health concerns in the literature, data on perception of parents, especially those in low socioeconomic status, regarding public health is lacking. Critical appraisal posits that early marriage is not only shrouded in legalities, but is also caused by multiple factors. The factors that cause or lead to early marriages need to be identified for each society to appropriately address the associated ramifications. The lack of data on perception of parents suggests that educational intervention needs to start with community needs assessment. 

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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