Topographic properties of the cornea in welders

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097429
Author(s):  
Amir Asharlous ◽  
Hassan Hashemi ◽  
Abbasali Yekta ◽  
Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim ◽  
Hadi Ostadimoghaddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Ultraviolet Exposure ◽  
Ocular Surface Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cylinder Power ◽  
Complete History

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the topographic status of the welders’ corneas. Methods: In this historical cohort, a group of welders (with at least 5 years’ experience in welding) and a control group were assessed and compared. Lack of exposure to welding for 3 months or more was considered an exclusion criterion. In all participants, after taking a complete history of visual and ocular problems, both eyes underwent Pentacam imaging. Then, all subjects received slit lamp biomicroscopy for evaluation of ocular surface diseases. Results: The data of 140 welders (mean age: 46.66 ± 13.01 years) and 172 controls (mean age: 45.05 ± 12.61 years) were analyzed. The welders’ corneas had significantly higher eccentricity ( p < 0.0001), keratometry readings ( p < 0.0001), and cylinder power ( p < 0.0001). The central, inferior, and nasal cornea were significantly thinner in the welders than in controls ( p < 0.0001) while the difference was not significant in the superior and temporal cornea. All indices of corneal irregularity except for the central keratoconus index (CKI) and index of height asymmetry (IHA) were higher in welders compared to the control group ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the welders’ corneas are topographically irregular. Welders exhibit characteristics like steeper keratometry readings; higher eccentricity indexes; thinner central, inferior, and nasal corneas; and higher indices of corneal irregularity, especially the CK index. Long-term ultraviolet exposure may be a possible reason for these corneal changes.

scholarly journals Patients With a History of Idiopathic Deep Venous Thrombosis Have Long-Term Increased Levels of Inflammatory Markers and Markers of Endothelial Damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Kaja Jezovnik ◽  
Jawed Fareed ◽  
Pavel Poredos
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hemostatic Markers

Introduction: Although the role of inflammation in DVT has been investigated in different studies, there is no definite answer as to whether increased systemic inflammation is the cause or the consequence of DVT. Aim: To follow inflammatory parameters in a cohort of patients with idiopathic DVT. Methods: Out of 49 patients with an acute idiopathic DVT, which were investigated four months after an acute episode (DEVTA 1), 43 patients were included in the follow-up study investigating inflammatory markers and hemostatic markers of endothelial damage five years after an acute DVT (DEVTA 2). A control group consisted of 43 sex and age matched healthy subjects (CONTROLS). Results: The levels of inflammatory markers were significantly higher in DEVTA 2 in comparison to CONTROLS: tumor necrosis factor alpha 2.0 pg/mL (1.1-2.3) vs 1.3 pg/mL (0.8-1.9), p < .001, high sensitivity C-reactive protein 3.2 mg/L (1.5-5.2) vs 1.7 mg/L (0.9-3.0), p = .008, interleukin-6 (IL-6) 2.7 pg/mL (2.0-3.5) vs 2.1 pg/mL (1.5-2.6), p = .025, IL-8 5.0 pg/mL (3.6-7.3) vs 2.4 pg/mL (1.8-2.8), p < .001. IL-10 was significantly decreased (0.9 pg/mL (0.7-1.8) vs 1.8 (1.5-2.2), p < .001. Most of the proinflammatory markers remained elevated in the DEVTA 2 in comparison to DEVTA 1. Markers of endothelial damage were higher in DEVTA 2 in comparison to CONTROLS and higher than in DEVTA 1. Conclusion: Patients with idiopathic DVT have long-term increased inflammatory markers and markers of endothelial damage. These findings favor the hypothesis that inflammation is a cause and not merely a consequence of acute DVT.

scholarly journals Effects of training on quality of peer review: randomised controlled trial

BMJ ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 328 (7441) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Schroter ◽  
Nick Black ◽  
Stephen Evans ◽  
James Carpenter ◽  
Fiona Godlee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Score ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Quality Instrument

AbstractObjective To determine the effects of training on the quality of peer review.Design Single blind randomised controlled trial with two intervention groups receiving different types of training plus a control group.Setting and participants Reviewers at a general medical journal.Interventions Attendance at a training workshop or reception of a self taught training package focusing on what editors want from reviewers and how to critically appraise randomised controlled trials.Main outcome measures Quality of reviews of three manuscripts sent to reviewers at four to six monthly intervals, evaluated using the validated review quality instrument; number of deliberate major errors identified; time taken to review the manuscripts; proportion recommending rejection of the manuscripts.Results Reviewers in the self taught group scored higher in review quality after training than did the control group (score 2.85 v 2.56; difference 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.44; P = 0.001), but the difference was not of editorial significance and was not maintained in the long term. Both intervention groups identified significantly more major errors after training than did the control group (3.14 and 2.96 v 2.13; P < 0.001), and this remained significant after the reviewers' performance at baseline assessment was taken into account. The evidence for benefit of training was no longer apparent on further testing six months after the interventions. Training had no impact on the time taken to review the papers but was associated with an increased likelihood of recommending rejection (92% and 84% v 76%; P = 0.002).Conclusions Short training packages have only a slight impact on the quality of peer review. The value of longer interventions needs to be assessed.

Bronchiolitis as a Possible Cause of Wheezing in Childhood: New Evidence

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. McConnochie ◽  
Klaus J. Roghmann ◽  
Suzanne J. Klein ◽  
Thomas K. Mclnery ◽  
James B. MacWhinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Practice Population ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Allergic Manifestations

A historical cohort study was performed in order to assess the hypothesis that even mild bronchiolitis in infancy is a predictor of wheezing later in childhood. Subjects who had experienced bronchiolitis and a matched control group were compared in terms of reported wheezing 8 years later. A highly significant difference was found between the bronchiolitis group and the control group in terms of current wheezing (P &lt; .0001, relative risk 3.24). This difference was maintained after adjusting for many potentially confounding variables including family history of allergy and other allergic manifestations in the child. Results suggested that 13.6% of a normal practice population in the age range 6 to 9 years currently wheeze, but that 44.1% of children who experienced bronchiolitis currently wheeze. Based on the incidence of bronchiolitis (4.27/100 children in their first 2 years of life) and the relative odds for wheezing derived from a logistic regression model including variables that measured passive smoking, genetic tendency to wheeze, and bronchiolitis, calculations of attributable risk suggested that wheezing in 9.4% of the population of children who currently wheeze was attributable to bronchiolitis.

Prevalence of ADHD in children born by mothers consuming Frankincense during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimohammad Ranjbar ◽  
Elahe Kamali Ardakani ◽  
Rahele Zareshahi
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

Aims: In Iranian culture, due to some narratives from the prophet Mohammad about the use of frankincense during pregnancy for increasing IQ in children, some women consume frankincense during expectancy. This study's goal is to evaluate the relationship between frankincense used during pregnancy and the incidence of ADHD. Methods: In this study, the case group comprised children 4-17 years old referring to Shahid Chamran Pharmacy in Yazd from summer to winter 2018 for receiving Methylphenidate, those with whom a psychologist had identified ADHD based on DSM-V factors.  The control group included children of the same age group but without ADHD. For data gathering, a checklist was used with some questions on smoking, family history of ADHD, presence/absence of a specific disease during pregnancy, frankincense used during pregnancy, and a chemical medication consumed during pregnancy. Results: The main result demonstrated that the children whose mothers used frankincense during pregnancy were 0.67 times less likely to be affected by ADHD than those whose mothers did not use this substance. However, the difference failed to be statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Some studies report that frankincense can bear a positive effect on the development of the brain and possibly adequate formation of dendrites trees, axons and induce proper communication between them, so the impact of frankincense on the brain may be justified by its protective effect against the hyperactive child.

scholarly journals Changes in Maternal Weight 5–10 Years after a First Delivery

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Britz ◽  
Kelly C McDermott ◽  
Christopher B Pierce ◽  
Joan L Blomquist ◽  
Victoria L Handa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Education History ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Aim: The objective of this study was to identify maternal, obstetrical and reproductive factors associated with long-term changes in maternal weight after delivery. Materials & methods: Participants were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study of maternal health 5–10 years after childbirth. Data were obtained from obstetrical records and a self-administered questionnaire. Weight at the time of first delivery (5–10 years prior) was obtained retrospectively and each woman's weight at the time of her first delivery was compared with her current weight. Results: Among 948 women, obesity was associated with race, parity, education, history of diabetes and history of cesarean at the time of first delivery. On average, the difference between weight at the time of first delivery and weight 5–10 years later was −11 kg (11 kg weight loss). In a multivariate model, black race and diabetes were associated with significantly less weight loss. Cesarean delivery, parity and breastfeeding were not associated with changes in maternal weight. Conclusion: Black women and those with a history of diabetes may be appropriate targets for interventions that promote a long-term healthy weight after childbirth.

scholarly journals Impact of Constipation in Children on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seikh Azimul Hoque ◽  
Md Tariqul Islam ◽  
Farid Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Hanif ◽  
Shahnoor Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Urine Culture ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: The study was done to find out the relationship between constipation andurinary tract infection (UTI) in children.Methods: The study was a case control study between two groups in a tertiary carechildren hospital in Dhaka city. In group-1 (n=45) those children having history ofconstipation and in group-2 (n=78) as a control group having no history of constipationwere included in this study. Growths of a single species of organism with colony countof >105/ml in a clean-catch midstream single urine sample was considered as evidenceof urinary tract infection.Results: Positive urine culture was found in 8.9% (4/45) cases in children who hadhistory of constipation and 1.3% (1/78) in children who had no history of constipation.Though the number of positive urine culture was seven times more in children withconstipation than those who were not constipated but the difference between the twogroups was not statistically significant (p=0.059) .Conclusion: Culture documented UTI in children with constipation is seven timesmore than without constipation showing impact of constipation on urinary tract infection(UTI) in children.Key words: Urinary tract infection (UTI); constipation.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v34i1.5697Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2010; Vol.34(1): 17-20

Serum Concentration of Thyroid Hormones Long-Term After Sulfur Mustard Exposure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakine MOAIEDMOHSENI ◽  
Tooba GHAZANFARI ◽  
Ensie Sadat MIRSHARIF ◽  
Nayere ASKARI ◽  
Zuhair MOHAMMAD HASSAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
And Control

Background: Despite several reports on the clinical manifestations of sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication, there is no study on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones long-term after SM exposure. In this study, the changes in thyroid functioning parameters 20 yr after SM exposure were evaluated. Methods: This study is a part of a larger historical cohort study conducted in 2007 following 20 years of the exposure to SM, called Sardasht–Iran cohort study (SICS). We (SICS) comprised an SM–exposed group from Sardasht City, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran (n=169 as hospitalized group and n=203 as non-hospitalized exposed group); and control participants were selected from Rabat, a town near Sardasht (n=126). Peripheral blood samples were taken in fasting state and then the sera were separated. T4, T3, TSH, antithyroglobulin (anti–Tg), and antithyroid peroxidase (anti–TPO) concentrations in the sera were measured by the ELISA method. Results: The mean of T3 concentration was significantly higher in the exposed than control group (0.88 ± 0.26 nmol/L vs 0.8 ± 0.25 nmol/L, P<0.001). The levels of TSH, T4, and T3up were not significantly different between the exposed and control groups. Thyroglobulin level was significantly higher in the exposed non-hospitalized group (56.07 ± 140.22 µg/L vs 17.66 ± 41.49 µg/L, P=0.004), but the level of anti–Tg and anti–TPO showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: More studies are needed on the alterations in thyroid hormones, their gene expressions, and mechanisms involved in SM exposure to clarify the causes of these alterations.

scholarly journals Peritoneal Resting with Heparinized Lavage Reverses Peritoneal Type I Membrane Failure. A Comparative Study of the Resting Effects on Normal Membranes

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika De Sousa ◽  
Gloria Del Peso ◽  
Laura Alvarez ◽  
Silvia Ros ◽  
Ana Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peritoneal Function

BackgroundUltrafiltration failure (UFF) is a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Peritoneal rest (PR) has been demonstrated as a valid treatment to reverse the functional changes that occur in UFF. The effects of PR on a normally functioning human peritoneum are unknown but are expected to be neutral. Our hypothesis was that PR positively modifies peritoneal function in patients with UFF, in contrast to the absence of effects when PR is applied under normal conditions.Patients and MethodsWe studied 84 PR periods, comparing 35 patients with UFF and 49 controls (resting for abdominal surgery with temporary discontinuation of PD). We analyzed peritoneal transport pre-PR and post-PR by calculating the mass transfer coefficients of creatinine (Cr-MTAC), the dialysate/plasma creatinine ratio (D/P Cr) and the ultrafiltration (UF).ResultsBaseline data was similar for the 2 groups, although the UFF group had a longer median time in PD (39 [18 – 60] vs 10 [5 – 23] months; p = 0.00001). Peritoneal rest induced a decrease in D/P Cr, Cr-MTAC and an increase in UF capacity in the UFF group ( p = 0.0001, p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively), without causing changes in the control group. Peritoneal rest in patients with more than 6 months of UFF was not able to reduce peritoneal solute transport or improve UF capacity. Response to PR did not differ among UFF patients with or without a previous history of peritonitis. Peritoneal rest enabled patients with UFF to continue on PD for a median time of 23 months (range, 13 – 46 months).ConclusionsPeritoneal rest induces functional changes in patients with UFF but not in those with no functional abnormalities. This demonstrates that PR works only when abnormal but reversible functional conditions are present. However, the effect is highly dependent on how early PR is applied.

scholarly journals Post-glacial acidification of two alpine lakes (Sudetes Mts., SW Poland), as inferred from diatom analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Elwira Sienkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Past environmental changes in mountain lakes can be reconstructed with the use of subfossil diatoms from post-glacial sediments. This study applied such an analysis to two mountain lakes in the Sudetes Mts. in Poland: Mały Staw (MS) and Wielki Staw (WS). Cores 882 cm long (MS) and 1100 cm long (WS) taken from the centre of each lake in 1982 were used to study the long-term acidification history of these lakes. Changes in vegetation indicate that the initial phase of MS started at the end of the Pleistocene. WS sediments began to accumulate shortly after that, at the beginning of the Holocene. The majority of the diatom assemblages are typical of oligotrophic acidic lakes located in alpine and arctic regions. A pH reconstruction based on diatoms (DI-pH) showed long-term acidification dating to almost the beginning of the lakes’ existence. Natural acidification began after the deglaciation, and the most intensive acidification continued to the end of the mid-Holocene. Through the whole period studied, pH decreased by 1.4 in MS and 0.9 in WS. After a period of relatively stable lake water pH, it decreased rapidly during the last few decades of the 20th century, due to anthropogenic pollution: pH declined by 0.7 in MS and 0.3 in WS. Mały Staw, being shallower, smaller, and with a larger drainage basin than Wielki Staw, is more sensitive to acid deposition; this accounts for the difference in pH.

scholarly journals Comparison Of Learning Outcome Geography Subject Matter Of History Of Earthquake Using Video Media And Powerpoint Media In Students Class X Sma Negeri 10 Kendari

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Rahma Musyawarah ◽  
La Ode Amaluddin ◽  
La Ode Nursalam
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

This study aims: 1) To know the significance of the difference between the average value of pre-test of experimental class students and the average value of pre-test of control class students, 2) Knowing the average value of post-test of experiment class students is significantly higher compared with the mean value of post-test control class, 3) Knowing the average value of students' gain of experimental class is significantly higher than the control group's average gain. This type of research is experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. Sample determination technique is random sampling, obtained class X2 as experimental class and class X4 as control class. The data collection technique is done by giving the test of Geography learning result in the form of multiple choice test. Data analysis techniques use descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the average value of post-test students class X2 = 79.67 with n-gain = 0.72 while class X4 = 75.05 with n-gain = 0.63. Based on t test analysis, t-Calculated = 2.07> tTable = 2.00 at a significant level of 95% (α = 0.05), this indicates that the average post-test grade of the experimental class is significantly higher than the the average value of post-test of control class students on the subject matter of the history of earth formation.

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