Tribological behavior of electroless Ni–B–W coating at room and elevated temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (11) ◽  
pp. 1450-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tapan Kumar Barman ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electroless Ni

Sodium borohydride reduced electroless Ni–B coatings possess high hardness, wear resistance, and low coefficient of friction. They are found to be suitable candidates for wear reduction of mechanical components. In a quest to achieve enhanced tribological behavior and high thermal stability, the present work reports the inclusion of W to Ni–B coatings. Electroless method is employed for Ni–B–W coating deposition on AISI 1040 steel specimens. Post deposition, the coatings are heat treated at 350 ℃, 400 ℃, and 450 ℃. Deposit characterization is carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Inclusion of W leads to an increase in microhardness and thermal stability of Ni–B coatings. The tribological behavior of as-deposited and heat-treated Ni–B–W coatings are investigated at room and elevated temperatures (100 ℃, 300 ℃, and 500 ℃). Heat-treated coatings show lower wear rate at room temperature compared to as-deposited ones but the coefficient of friction increases. Tribological test results at elevated temperatures suggest an improvement in the wear resistance and coefficient of friction at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ in comparison with 100 ℃. Phase transformation study post wear test indicate microstructural changes in the coating due to the in situ heat treatment at high temperature. The tribological behavior of the coatings at 100 ℃ and 300 ℃ is mainly governed by the loose wear debris and formation of debris patches, respectively. Whereas at 500 ℃, formation of protective tribo-oxide patches is also observed.

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROLESS Ni–B COATING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp01) ◽  
pp. 1850014 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARKADEB MUKHOPADHYAY ◽  
TAPAN KUMAR BARMAN ◽  
PRASANTA SAHOO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Mixed Layers ◽  
Electroless Ni

The present work investigates the effects of heat treatment on friction and wear behavior of electroless Ni–B coatings at elevated temperatures. Coating is deposited on AISI 1040 steel specimens and subjected to heat treatments at 350[Formula: see text]C, 400[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis and X-Ray diffraction analysis. Improvement in microhardness is observed for the heat treated deposits. Further, the effect of heat treatment on the tribological behavior of the coatings at room temperature, 100[Formula: see text]C, 300[Formula: see text]C and 500[Formula: see text]C are analyzed on a pin-on-disc setup. Heat treatment at 350[Formula: see text]C causes a significant improvement in the tribological behavior at elevated temperatures. Higher heat treatment temperatures cause deterioration in the wear resistance and coefficient of friction. The wear mechanism at 100[Formula: see text]C is observed to be predominantly adhesive along with abrasion. While at 300[Formula: see text]C, abrasive wear is seen to be the governing wear phenomenon. Formation of mechanically mixed layers is noticed at both the test temperatures of 100[Formula: see text]C and 300[Formula: see text]C for the coatings heat treated at 400[Formula: see text]C and 450[Formula: see text]C test temperature. The predominant wear mechanisms at 500[Formula: see text]C are abrasive and fatigue for as-deposited and heat treated coatings, respectively.

TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THIN NANO TUNGSTEN CARBIDE FILM DEPOSITED ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL SURFACE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1950027 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SARAVANAN ◽  
N. VENKATESHWARAN ◽  
A. DEVARAJU ◽  
A. KRISHNAKUMARI
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
X Ray

This study presents the tribological behavior of austenitic 316L Stainless Steel (SS) coated with nano Tungsten Carbide (WC). The nano WC particles were prepared by mechano chemical method. The tungsten and toluene have been ball milled for 40[Formula: see text]h led to the synthesis of WC nano particles. An average particles size of 48[Formula: see text]nm was achieved. The prepared nano WC particles were deposited on 316L SS substrate as a thin film using DC magnetron sputtering process. The thickness of the nano WC coating was 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The synthesized nano WC particles and the thin nano WC film are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) technique. Vickers microhardness test was conducted to evaluate the microhardness of the thin film. A high microhardness value of 2242 HV[Formula: see text] was observed. The coated specimens are subjected to wear test using pin on disc setup and the tribological parameters such as friction and wear are analyzed. The results were compared with uncoated 316L SS specimen and micro WC particles coated 316L SS. The nano WC coated 316L SS possess high hardness and better wear resistance when compared with 316L SS and micro WC coated 316L SS specimen.

Heat treatment T4 and T6 effects on the tribological properties of sillimanite mineral-reinforced LM30 aluminium alloy composites at elevated temperatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012110365
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Tarun Nanda ◽  
OM Prakash Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Grey Cast

The present study investigates effect of heat treatment on wear and friction behaviour of sillimanite/LM30 aluminium matrix composites at elevated temperatures (50–300 °C). The composites were prepared using a stir-casting process. Composites were reinforced with 3–15 wt.% sillimanite particle sizes of fine (1–20 μm):coarse (75–106 μm) in the ratio of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1, respectively. Next, the composites were subjected to T4 and T6 heat treatment. For T4 heat treatment, composites were heated at 550 °C for 1 h, water quenched and naturally aged (at room temperature) for 480 h. Further, for T6 heat treatment composites were artificially aged at 200 °C for 4 h and air cooled. Hardness of composites improved with increase in particle weight percentage and increases in the ratio of fine particles in the mix. Maximum improvement in hardness was observed for 15 wt.% T6 heat-treated composites with fine:coarse in the ratio of 3:1. The addition of sillimanite particles improved wear resistance and coefficient of friction of the composites. Wear and friction analysis revealed that beyond 200 °C, wear behaviour of composites changed from mild to severe. Further, the heat treatment of composites improved wear resistance and coefficient of friction. Wear rate and friction coefficient of T6 heat-treated 15 wt.% composite with fine:coarse as 3:1 at 200 °C decreased by 70% and 52%, respectively. X-ray diffraction of wear tracks and wear debris of T6 heat-treated composites revealed the formation of intermetallics and oxides on the wornout surface of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of wear tracks and debris revealed that at elevated temperatures, abrasive and adhesive wear was dominant for the material removal mechanism. The developed composites exhibited nearly wear behaviour similar to that of grey cast iron used in brake rotors. Thus, sillimanite/LM30 aluminium matrix composites provide a suitable substitute to replace heavy grey cast iron components used in automobile industry.

Preparation and Tribological Behavior of Ni-P-B4C Electroless Coatings

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Wan Chang Sun ◽  
Hui Cai ◽  
Qing Hao Yang ◽  
Ju Mei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Wear Weight Loss ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electroless Coatings ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Minimum Wear

In this research, micro-hardness and wear resistance of two types of electroless coatings were investigated including Ni-P and Ni-P-B4C composite coatings. Dispersible B4C particles and electroless Ni-P alloy were codeposited on carbon steel by electroless plating and then heat treated at 200, 400 and 600 °C for 1 h, respectively. The cross-section morphology and microstructure of the composite coatings were characterized. Meanwhile, the micro-hardness and tribological behavior of composite coatings were evaluated. The results showed that the Ni-P-B4C composite coating presents better wear resistance in comparison with that of Ni-P coating. The Ni-P-B4C composite coating with heat treated at 400 °C exhibits high micro-hardness and good wear resistance, which the highest hardness is 1200 HV, the minimum wear weight loss is 0.12 mg and the lowest friction coefficient is 0.2054.

scholarly journals Tribological behavior of Ti(C, N)-TiB2 composite cermets using FeCoCrNiAl high entropy alloys as binder over a wide range of temperatures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjiang Li ◽  
Peixin Fu ◽  
Chenglong Zhu ◽  
Chunfu Hong ◽  
Pinqiang Dai
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering

Abstract The Ti(C, N)-TiB2 composite cermets with different binders (HEAs or Ni-Co) were fabricated by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot-pressing sintering. Wear resistance of two composite cermets at elevated temperatures was studied. Wear mechanism was characterized by a combination of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Experimental results indicated that HEAs binder composite cermets possessed excellent wear resistance comparing with Ni-Co binder composite cermets. At lower temperatures, no obvious difference was observed in worn surfaces of two cermets. Abrasive wear mechanism was dominant wear mechanism. At greater than 600 °C, oxidative wear and adhesive wear were found to be dominant wear mechanism. The wear rate of HEAs binder composite cermets was 11.8%, 17%, 39.25%, and 46.7% lower than that of Ni-Co binder composite cermets at 200℃, 400℃, 600℃, and 800℃, respectively. Enhanced wear performance of Ti(C, N)-TiB2-HEAs composite cermets is attributed to relatively high hardness and toughness, as well as excellent high-temperature softening resistance and oxidation resistance of HEAs.

scholarly journals Tribological Behavior of Carbon-Based Nanomaterial-Reinforced Nickel Metal Matrix Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3536
Author(s):  
Amit Patil ◽  
Ganesh Walunj ◽  
Furkan Ozdemir ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Gupta ◽  
Tushar Borkar
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Pure Nickel ◽  
Lubricant Layer ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Nickel Metal

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with exceptional mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electrical properties are enticing reinforcements for fabricating lightweight, high-strength, and wear-resistant metal matrix composites with superior mechanical and tribological performance. Nickel–carbon nanotube composite (Ni-CNT) and nickel–graphene nanoplatelet composite (Ni-GNP) were fabricated via mechanical milling followed by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The Ni-CNT/GNP composites with varying reinforcement concentrations (0.5, 2, and 5 wt%) were ball milled for twelve hours to explore the effect of reinforcement concentration and its dispersion in the nickel microstructure. The effect of varying CNT/GNP concentration on the microhardness and the tribological behavior was investigated and compared with SPS processed monolithic nickel. Ball-on-disc tribological tests were performed to determine the effect of different structural morphologies of CNTs and GNPs on the wear performance and coefficient of friction of these composites. Experimental results indicate considerable grain refinement and improvement in the microhardness of these composites after the addition of CNTs/GNPs in the nickel matrix. In addition, the CNTs and GNPs were effective in forming a lubricant layer, enhancing the wear resistance and lowering the coefficient of friction during the sliding wear test, in contrast to the pure nickel counterpart. Pure nickel demonstrated the highest CoF of ~0.9, Ni-0.5CNT and Ni-0.5GNP exhibited a CoF of ~0.8, whereas the lowest CoF of ~0.2 was observed for Ni-2CNT and Ni-5GNP composites. It was also observed that the uncertainty of wear resistance and CoF in both the CNT/GNP-reinforced composites increased when loaded with higher reinforcement concentrations. The wear surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis to elucidate the wear mechanism in these composites.

Tribological Behavior of Mesophase Carbon Added with Titanium and Copper

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Xue Qing Yue ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Shu Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Incorporation of metallic elements, titanium and copper, into carbonaceous mesophase (CM) was performed through mechanical alloying in a ball mill apparatus. The structures of the raw CM as well as the Ti/Cu-added CM were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The tribological behavior of the Ti/Cu-added CM used as lubricating additives was investigated by using a high temperature friction and wear tester. The results show that, compared with the raw CM, the Ti/Cu-added CM exhibits a drop in the crystallinity and a transition to the amorphous. The Ti/Cu-added CM used as lubricating additive displays an obvious high temperature anti-friction and wear resistance effect, and the lager the applied load, the lower the friction coefficient and the wear severity.

Microstructure and wear resistance of Cuss-toughened Cr5Si3/CrSi metal silicide alloys

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.X. Yin ◽  
H.M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Metal Silicide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Wear-resistant Cu-based solid-solution-toughened Cr5Si3/CrSi metal silicide alloy with a microstructure consisting of predominantly the dual-phase primary dendrites with a Cr5Si3 core encapsulated by CrSi phase and a small amount of interdendritic Cu-based solid solution (Cuss) was designed and fabricated by the laser melting process using Cr–Si–Cu elemental powder blends as the precursor materials. The microstructure of the Cuss-toughened Cr5Si3/CrSi metal silicide alloy was characterized by optical microscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The Cuss-toughened silicide alloys have excellent wear resistance and low coefficient of friction under room temperature dry sliding wear test conditions with hardened 0.45% C carbon steel as the sliding–mating counterpart.

Hardening of Selective Laser Melted M2 Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Haoxing You ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Richard D. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Near Net Shape

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to make the near-net-shape metal parts. M2 is a high-speed steel widely used in cutting tools, which is due to its high hardness of this steel. Conventionally, the hardening heat treatment process, including quenching and tempering, is conducted to achieve the high hardness for M2 wrought parts. It was debated if the hardening is needed for additively manufactured M2 parts. In the present work, the M2 steel part is fabricated by SLM. It is found that the hardness of as-fabricated M2 SLM parts is much lower than the hardened M2 wrought parts. The characterization was conducted including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the microstructure evolution of as-fabricated, quenched, and tempered M2 SLM part. The M2 wrought part was heat-treated simultaneously with the SLM part for comparison. It was found the hardness of M2 SLM part after heat treatment is increased and comparable to the wrought part. Both quenched and tempered M2 SLM and wrought parts have the same microstructure, while the size of the carbides in the wrought part is larger than that in the SLM part.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AMOUNT ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF PLASMA NITRIDED 31CrMoV9 STEEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1850217 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ÇOMAKLI ◽  
A. F. YETIM ◽  
B. KARACA ◽  
A. ÇELIK
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pin On Disk

The 31CrMoV9 steels were plasma nitrided under different gas mixture ratios to investigate an influence of nitrogen amount on wear behavior. The structure, mechanical and tribological behavior of untreated and nitrided 31CrMoV9 steels were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness device, 3D profilometer and pin-on-disk wear tester. The analysis outcomes displayed that the compound layer consists of nitride phases (Fe2N, Fe3N, Fe4N and CrN). Additionally, the thickness of the compound layers, surface hardness and roughness increased with increasing nitrogen amount in the gas mixture. The highest friction coefficient value was obtained at nitrogen amount of 50%, but the lowest value was seen at nitrogen amount of 6%. It was observed that wear resistance of 31CrMoV9 steel improved after plasma nitriding, and the best wear resistance was also obtained from plasma nitrided sample at the gas mixture of 94% H[Formula: see text]% N2.

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