scholarly journals Drinking patterns among Finns aged 60 years and over from the 1990s onwards

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-480
Author(s):  
Christoffer Tigerstedt ◽  
Janne Härkönen ◽  
Pia Mäkelä ◽  
Suvi Parikka ◽  
Anni Vilkko
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Frequent Drinking

Aim: To analyse prevalence and trends in older people’s (60+) alcohol use in Finland in 1993–2018. Data and method: Data on people aged 65+ were obtained from the Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Elderly study (HBHFE) for the years 1993–2011 and from its successor the National FinSote Survey for the years 2013–2018. Data for 60–64-year-olds and for the reference group (20–59-year-olds) were obtained from the Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population (HBHFA) study for the years 1993–2011 and from the FinSote study for the years 2013–2018. Four measures were chosen to describe prevalence and trends in drinking patterns in five-year age groups among men and women aged 60+: prevalence of current drinking, prevalence of frequent drinking, typical amounts of drinking and prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (HED). Results: Regarding prevalence of current drinking and frequent drinking, older women have been catching up with men, but older men still consume larger amounts of alcohol per occasion. The long-lasting increase in the prevalence of current drinkers continued in most older female age groups into the 2010s, settled in most older male and some female age groups, and shifted downwards in the oldest male age groups. In most older male and female age groups, the increasing trend in frequent drinking continued to the present. Data on typical amounts consumed and HED were only available for 2013–2018. In that period those measures remained rather stable. Conclusion: More detailed research on drinking patterns among people aged 60+ years is needed for two reasons: older people’s drinking is a new cultural phenomenon and alcohol-related social and health harms are increasing in older age groups.

scholarly journals The changing alcohol drinking patterns among older adults show that women are closing the gender gap in more frequent drinking: the Tromsø study, 1994–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Tegner Stelander ◽  
Anne Høye ◽  
Jørgen G. Bramness ◽  
Geir Selbæk ◽  
Linn-Heidi Lunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Frequent Drinking

Abstract Background As the population of older adults continues to grow, changes in alcohol consumption are important to monitor because an increase may have public health consequences. Rates of alcohol use vary with geographical location. The aim of this study was to examine trends in alcohol consumption among older adults in a geographically defined area in Norway, especially changing sex differences in drinking patterns over a 22-year period. Methods Repeated cross-sectional survey (in 1994–95, 2007–08, and 2015–16) of a general population of older adults. Eligible for this study were 20,939 participants (aged 60–99 years). The data were analysed using generalized estimating equations, stratified by age and sex. Alcohol consumption and drinking patterns were assessed, using an adaptation of the AUDIT-C. Results Between 1994 and 2016, there has been a significant increase in the proportion of current drinkers among older adults. Furthermore, the probability of frequent drinking (alcohol consumption at least twice weekly) increased significantly between 1994 and 2016, particularly among older women; OR 8.02 (CI 5.97–10.79) and OR 5.87 (CI 4.00–8.63) in the age groups 60–69 and 70+ respectively for women, and OR 4.13 (CI 3.42–4.99) and OR 3.10 (CI 2.41–3.99), in the age groups 60–69 and 70+ respectively for men. The majority of older adults drank small amounts of alcohol on typical drinking days, but there was an increasing probability of drinking three drinks or more on each occasion over the study period, except among women aged 70+ years. Conclusions Among older adults in Norway, alcohol consumption in terms of frequency and quantity on typical drinking days has increased considerably from 1996 to 2016. This change is in the opposite direction of what has been reported among younger adults. The gap between women and men in frequent drinking has been markedly narrowed, which indicate that women’s drinking patterns are approaching those of men. This may involve a need to change alcohol policy in Norway to more targeted interventions aimed at older people.

scholarly journals Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in France, 2013–2016: the Constances study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
Adeline Renuy ◽  
Claire Rives-Lange ◽  
Claire Carette ◽  
Guillaume Airagnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
French Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Point Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThis study provides trends in obesity prevalence in adults from 2013 to 2016 in France. 63,582 men and women from independent samples upon inclusion from the Constances cohort were included. Anthropometrics were measured at Health Screening Centers and obesity defined as a Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; obesity classes according to BMI are as follows: class 1 [30–34.9]; class 2 [35–39.9]; class 3 [≥ 40 kg/m2]. Linear trends across obesity classes by sex and age groups were examined in regression models and percentage point change from 2013 to 2016 for each age category calculated. All analyses accounted for sample weights for non-response, age and sex-calibrated to the French population. Prevalence of obesity ranged from 14.2 to 15.2% and from 14 to 15.3% in women and men respectively from 2013 to 2016. Class 1 obesity category prevalence was the only one to increase significantly across survey years in both men and women (p for linear trend = 0.04 and 0.01 in women and men respectively). The only significant increase for obesity was observed in the age group 18–29 y in both women and men (+ 2.71% and + 3.26% point increase respectively, equivalent to an approximate rise of 50% in women and 93% in men, p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). After adjustment for survey non-response and for age and sex distribution, the results show that class 1 obesity prevalence has significantly increased in both women and men from 2013 to 2016, and only in young adults in a representative sample of the French population aged 18–69 years old.

scholarly journals Analysing the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on everyday travel behaviour in Germany and potential implications for future travel patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Kolarova ◽  
Christine Eisenmann ◽  
Claudia Nobis ◽  
Christian Winkler ◽  
Barbara Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
German Population ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The global Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is having a great impact on all areas of the everyday life, including travel behaviour. Various measures that focus on restricting social contacts have been implemented in order to reduce the spread of the virus. Understanding how daily activities and travel behaviour change during such global crisis and the reasons behind is crucial for developing suitable strategies for similar future events and analysing potential mid- and long-term impacts. Methods In order to provide empirical insights into changes in travel behaviour during the first Coronavirus-related lockdown in 2020 for Germany, an online survey with a relative representative sample for the German population was conducted a week after the start of the nationwide contact ban. The data was analysed performing descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results and Discussion The results suggest in general an increase in car use and decrease in public transport use as well as more negative perception of public transport as a transport alternative during the pandemic. Regarding activity-related travel patterns, the findings show firstly, that the majority of people go less frequent shopping; simultaneously, an increase in online shopping can be seen and characteristics of this group were analysed. Secondly, half of the adult population still left their home for leisure or to run errands; young adults were more active than all other age groups. Thirdly, the majority of the working population still went to work; one out of four people worked in home-office. Lastly, potential implications for travel behaviour and activity patterns as well as policy measures are discussed.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood characteristics as a predictor of adherence to dietary recommendations: A population-based cohort study of Finnish adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482097149
Author(s):  
Hanna Lagström ◽  
Jaana I. Halonen ◽  
Sakari Suominen ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Sari Stenholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics ◽  
Severe Life Events ◽  
Dietary Score

Aims: To investigate the association of six-year cumulative level of socioeconomic neighbourhood disadvantage and population density with subsequent adherence to dietary recommendations, controlling for preceding dietary adherence, in adults in Finland. Methods: Population-based Health and Social Support (HeSSup) study participants from four age groups (20–24, 30–34, 40–44 and 50–54 years at baseline in 1998). Data on diet and alcohol consumption were obtained from the 2003 and 2012 surveys and information on neighbourhoods from Statistics Finland Grid database ( n = 10,414 men and women). Participants diet was measured as adherence to Nordic Nutrition recommendation (score range 0–100). Neighbourhood disadvantage was measured by median household income, proportion of those with primary education only and unemployment rate, and population density by the number of adult population between years 2007 and 2012. Linear models were used to assess the associations of neighbourhood characteristics with the score for adherence to dietary recommendations in 2012. Results: Cumulative neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with slightly weaker (1.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) −1.89 to −1.09) point decrease in dietary score) adherence while higher population density was associated with better (0.70 (95% CI 0.38−1.01) point increase in dietary score) adherence to dietary recommendations. These associations remained after controlling for prior dietary habits, sociodemographic, chronic cardio-metabolic diseases, and severe life events. Conclusions: These longitudinal findings support the hypothesis that neighbourhood characteristics affect dietary habits.

scholarly journals The spatial epidemiology of alcohol-related mortality among the Czech adult population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kazmer ◽  
I Kulhanova ◽  
M Lustigova
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background In Czechia, alcohol-induced deaths account for a significant portion of preventable mortality. As inequalities in health are both socially and spatially determined, the paper aims at the detailed examination of socio-geographic inequalities of this phenomenon. Methods The 2011-2015 annual data on both ICD-10 cause-specific deaths (K70; F10; X45/64; Y15) and mid-year population were obtained from the official Czech registries - the data were cross-classified by gender, 5-year age-groups, and permanent residence (N = 6,302 small area spatial units). The selected socio-demographic indicators (education, unemployment, religious population) from the Czech 2011 Census were spatially merged to the mortality dataset. From the data on education and unemployment, composite deprivation index (DI) was derived. In the adult population aged 25+, the age-standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were computed for each of the spatial units, separately by genders. The SMRs were spatially modelled by the Besag-York-Mollié (BYM) autoregressive approach, applying a fully bayesian framework integrated within the INLA R-package. The study applied cross-sectional design and employed ecological regression conducted on observational data. Results Compared to the Czech average, the highest SMRs were located in the historical regions of Moravia [SMR=1.15; 95%CI: 1.11-1.19] and Silesia [SMR=1.59; 95%CI: 1.52-1.66]. The SMRs were significantly correlated with DI among males [Rel.Risk=1.15; 95%CI: 1.11-1.19], and with religiousness rate among females [Rel.Risk=0.83; 95%CI: 0.77-0.90]. Conclusions Significant socio-geographic inequalities were detected, particularly with respect to the Czech historical regions. Among males, higher mortality was associated with a structural deprivation. Among females, protective effect of religiousness rate was found to be significant. The results highlight an importance of both socially and spatially integrated efforts for public health promotion. Key messages The inequalities in health are both socially and spatially contextualised. The paper presents robust empirical evidence in favour of the proposition, as examined on alcohol-related mortality data. The health determinants may be gender sensitive. Males might be more responsive to a structural disadvantage. Among females, cultural factors related to a local community might be more relevant.

scholarly journals Nordic, Italian, and German Drinking Habits: A Comparison between Surveys Made since the 1980s

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Hanhinen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Central European ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Drinking Frequency

This article compares Nordic drinking habit surveys and their results — a comparison previously done in 1988. It includes all the main surveys regarding drinking habits of the adult population in the Nordic countries since 1988. In addition the analysis takes in Italy and Germany. Drinking habits are described and compared on four dimensions: the share of abstainers and drinkers, overall drinking frequency, the volume of alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking and drinking for intoxication. The study highlights the difficulties inherent in the international comparison of drinking habits. The results indicate that even though the changes in beverage preferences imply a homogenization of drinking patterns, the homogenization hypothesis proves to be wrong when comparing the results concerning the shares of abstainers, drinking frequencies or distribution of alcohol consumption between women and men. Denmark still differs from the rest of the Nordic countries in these respects, being closer to central European countries like Germany. In the other Nordic countries traditional drinking patterns seem to persist despite the changes in beverage preferences. Closest to Denmark and central European countries stands Finland, where drinking frequency has been rising and where more alcohol is consumed than in Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Looking at the previous comparison of Nordic drinking habits, it can be concluded that drinking habits are very open to changes.

Status of Vitamin B12 and Folate among the Urban Adult Population in South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sivaprasad ◽  
T. Shalini ◽  
N. Balakrishna ◽  
M. Sudarshan ◽  
P. Lopamudra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Deficiency of vitamin B12 (B12) and folate (FA) leads to a wide spectrum of disorders that affect all age groups. However, reports on B12 and FA status in healthy adults in India are limited. Hence, we determined the plasma levels and dietary intake of B12 and FA in the adult population. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in an urban setup among 630 apparently healthy adults distributed into 3 age groups: 21-40, 41-60 and >60 years. Plasma concentrations of B12 and FA were analyzed by radio immunoassay and dietary intake by 24-hour recall method. Results: The overall prevalence of FA deficiency was 12%, but there was no significant difference in plasma FA concentrations among the groups. While the overall prevalence of B12 deficiency was 35%, it was significantly higher in the 21-40 (44%) and 41-60 age groups (40%) when compared with the >60 group (30%). B12 deficiency was higher in vegetarians (54%) compared to those consuming mixed diet (31%), and the reverse was the case with FA. However, the dietary intakes of FA and B12 were not significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: These results indicate a higher prevalence of B12 deficiency in apparently healthy adults in an urban setup.

scholarly journals Use of seroprevalence to guide dengue vaccination plans for older adults in a dengue non-endemic country

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0009312
Author(s):  
Yi-Hua Pan ◽  
Mei-Ying Liao ◽  
Yu-Wen Chien ◽  
Tzong-Shiann Ho ◽  
Hui-Ying Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Age Range

A shift in dengue cases toward the adult population, accompanied by an increased risk of severe cases of dengue in the elderly, has created an important emerging issue in the past decade. To understand the level of past DENV infection among older adults after a large dengue outbreak occurred in southern Taiwan in 2015, we screened 1498 and 2603 serum samples from healthy residents aged ≥ 40 years in Kaohsiung City and Tainan City, respectively, to assess the seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgG in 2016. Seropositive samples were verified to exclude cross-reaction from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), using DENV/JEV-NS1 indirect IgG ELISA. We further identified viral serotypes and secondary DENV infections among positive samples in the two cities. The overall age-standardized seroprevalence of DENV-IgG among participants was 25.77% in Kaohsiung and 11.40% in Tainan, and the seroprevalence was significantly higher in older age groups of both cities. Although the percentages of secondary DENV infection in Kaohsiung and Tainan were very similar (43.09% and 44.76%, respectively), DENV-1 and DENV-2 spanned a wider age range in Kaohsiung, whereas DENV-2 was dominant in Tainan. As very few studies have obtained the serostatus of DENV infection in older adults and the elderly, this study highlights the need for further investigation into antibody status, as well as the safety and efficacy of dengue vaccination in these older populations.

scholarly journals The toll of COVID-19 on African children: A descriptive analysis on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Rodriguez Velasquez ◽  
Lea Jacques ◽  
Jyoti Dalal ◽  
Paolo Sestito ◽  
Zahra Habibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, very little data on the epidemiological characteristics among the pediatric population in Africa has been published. This paper examines the age and sex distribution of the morbidity and mortality rate in children with COVID-19 and compares it to the adult population within 15 Sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: A merge line listing dataset using a reverse engineering model shared by countries within the Regional Office for Africa was analyzed. Patients diagnosed within 1 March 2020 and 1 September 2020 with confirmed positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Children data were stratified into three age groups: 0-4 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years, while adults were combined. The cumulative incidence of cases including its medians and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: 9% of the total confirmed cases and 2.4% of the reported deaths were pediatric cases. The 12-17 age group in all 15 countries showed the highest cumulative incidence proportion in children. COVID-19 cases in males and females under the age of 18 were evenly distributed. Among adults, a higher case incidence per 100,000 people was observed compared to children. Conclusion: The cases and deaths within the children population was smaller than the adult population. These differences can reflect biases in COVID-19 testing protocols and reporting implemented by countries, highlighting the need for more extensive investigation and focus on the effects of COVID-19 in children.

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