scholarly journals Differences in Steap3 expression are a mechanism of genetic variation of RBC storage and oxidative damage in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (15) ◽  
pp. 2272-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Howie ◽  
Ariel M. Hay ◽  
Karen de Wolski ◽  
Hayley Waterman ◽  
Jenna Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most numerous cell type in the body and serve a vital purpose of delivering oxygen to essentially all tissues. In addition to the central role of RBCs in health and disease, RBC storage is a requirement for the >90 million units of RBC transfusions given to millions of recipients each year, worldwide. It is well known that there is genetic donor-to-donor variability in how human RBCs store, rendering blood a nonstandardized therapeutic with a wide range of biological properties from unit to unit, by the time it is transfused. As with humans, genetic variation exists in how murine RBCs, from different strains of mice, store and perform after transfusion. The genetic mechanisms for variation, in humans and mice, both remain obscure. Combining advanced metabolomics, genetics, and molecular and cellular biology approaches, we identify genetic variation in six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 3 (Steap3) expression as a critical and previously unrecognized mechanism of oxidative damage of RBCs during storage. Increased levels of Steap3 result in degradation of cellular membrane through lipid peroxidation, leading to failure of RBC homeostasis and hemolysis/clearance of RBCs. This article is the first report of a role of Steap3 in mature RBCs; it defines a new mechanism of redox biology in RBCs with a substantial effect upon RBC function and provides a novel mechanistic determinant of genetic variation of RBC storage.

Rola tłuszczu w żywieniu człowieka

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rudzińska ◽  
Roman Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Wide Range

Along with proteins and carbohydrates, fat is one of the three most important components of the human diet. For years, it was recommended that the intake of fats should be as low as possible due to their high calorific value. It is currently assumed that 30-35% of dietary energy should come from fat as it is a source of many bioactive compounds, such as essential unsaturated fatty acids (EUFAs), antioxidants and vitamins (A, D, E, K), which must be delivered to the body with food. Their content in vegetable fats and oils varies greatly, and the existing consumer opinions and beliefs often contradict scientific knowledge. Currently, a large body of evidence supporting the important role of fats in the human diet may be found in literature. This paper discusses the basic components of vegetable fats and oils in terms of their chemical structure and biological properties. A wide range of dietary fats were reviewed for their fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol profiles. Based on these facts, criteria to be taken into account in the selection of dietary fats and food products were identified.

scholarly journals Pacification and Indigenous Struggles in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia Dafnos
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Indigenous Resistance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Information Requests

Front-line police operations are deeply entwined with less visible activities – or practices not commonly identified as policing – that are carried out by a wide range of participants as strategies of settler-colonial pacification operating through the organizing logics of security and liberal legalism. Using open source texts and records obtained through access to information requests, this article unmaps some of the contemporary strategies employed by Canadian institutions to pacify Indigenous resistance. As a contribution to the body of work seeking to develop the politics of anti-security, the analysis disrupts the binary categories that animate security logic by examining the public order policing approach of the Ontario Provincial Police, the framing of Indigenous resistance as a security threat, and the integral role of Indian Affairs in securing the settler-state.

scholarly journals Selenium and vascular health

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Vascular Cells ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Oxidative Challenge ◽  
Se Status

Selenium (Se) is an important dietary micronutrient required for sustaining optimal health. Se is incorporated into proteins, many of which are antioxidants that protect the body against oxidative damage. As oxidative damage may contribute to the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), Se has been proposed to provide a protective role against this disease. Studies in vitro and in animals continue to provide increasing insight into the role of Se in promoting vascular health and ameliorating CVD. Se within vascular cells limits the adhesion together of such cells, an important early step in the development of vascular disease. Organic forms of Se may also afford vascular cells greater protection against oxidative challenge compared to inorganic forms. Nevertheless, current studies in humans investigating the relationship between Se and CVD have so far proved equivocal; larger randomized trials with different Se exposures in populations spanning the broad physiological Se status are needed to determine the criteria whereby Se may influence CVD outcome within different populations. Further studies are also needed to explore the effects of different Se species and the role of different selenoprotein genotypes in modifying Se status and their resultant impact on cardiovascular function.

The Bodily Self

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Significant Contributor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Selection Of

How can we be aware of ourselves both as physical objects and as thinking, experiencing subjects? What role does the experience of the body play in generating our sense of self? What is the role of action and agency in the construction of the bodily self? These questions have been a rich subject of interdisciplinary debate among philosophers, neuroscientists, experimental psychologists, and cognitive scientists for several decades. José Luis Bermúdez been a significant contributor to these debates since the 1990’s, when he authored The Paradox of Self-Consciousness (MIT Press, 1998) and co-edited The Body and the Self (MIT Press, 1995) with Anthony Marcel and Naomi Eilan. The Bodily Self is a selection of essays all focused on different aspects of the role of the body in self-consciousness, prefaced by a substantial introduction outlining common themes across the essays. The essays have been published in a wide range of journals and edited volumes. Putting them together brings out a wide-ranging, thematically consistent perspective on a set of topics and problems that remain firmly of interest across the cognitive and behavioral sciences.

scholarly journals The Redox System inC. elegans, a Phylogenetic Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Johnston ◽  
Paul R. Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Redox Signalling ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Age Related

Oxidative stress is a toxic state caused by an imbalance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS cause oxidative damage to cellular components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. While the role of ROS in cellular damage is frequently all that is noted, ROS are also important in redox signalling. The “Redox Hypothesis" has been proposed to emphasize a dual role of ROS. This hypothesis suggests that the primary effect of changes to the redox state is modified cellular signalling rather than simply oxidative damage. In extreme cases, alteration of redox signalling can contribute to the toxicity of ROS, as well as to ageing and age-related diseases. The nematode speciesCaenorhabditis elegansprovides an excellent model for the study of oxidative stress and redox signalling in animals. We use protein sequences from central redox systems inHomo sapiens,Drosophila melanogaster, andSaccharomyces cerevisiaeto query Genbank for homologous proteins inC. elegans. We then use maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis to compare protein families betweenC. elegansand the other organisms to facilitate future research into the genetics of redox biology.

scholarly journals The Role of Interleukin-37 in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Diseases

Acta Naturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
I. P. Shilovskiy ◽  
M. E. Dyneva ◽  
O. M. Kurbacheva ◽  
D. A. Kudlay ◽  
M. R. Khaitov
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range

Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family play an important role in the realization of the protective functions of innate immunity and are the key mediators involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, including various manifestations of allergy. The IL-1 family includes more than 11 members. However, the functions of many of them remain to be elucidated. Recently, new members of the IL-1 family have been discovered. In 2000, several independent research groups reported the discovery of a new interleukin of this family, which was named IL-37, or IL-1F7 (according to the new nomenclature). IL-37 was assigned to the IL-1 family based on its structural similarity with other members of this family. The study of its biological properties showed that its activity changes in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, as well as allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis). However, unlike most members of the IL-1 family, IL-37 acts as a negative regulator of inflammation. Activation of IL-37 suppresses inflammation, resulting in the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which in turn prevents infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly eosinophils and neutrophils. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-37 in the development of allergic diseases (AD) have not been fully studied. This review summarizes and analyzes the accumulated experimental data on the role of IL-37 in the pathogenesis of AD, such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis.

Mimi Nichter, Fat talk: What girls and their parents say about dieting. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000. Pp. xi, 263. Hb $22.95.

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-815
Author(s):  
Mary Bucholtz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Talk ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Anthropologist ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Equal Interest

The relationship between language and the body has become an increasingly prominent area of research within linguistics and related disciplines. Some investigators of this question have examined how facts about the human body are encoded in linguistic structure, while others have explored the use of the body as a communicative resource in interaction. Surprisingly little, however, has been written about the role of language in constructing the body as a social object. In Fat talk, Mimi Nichter, a medical anthropologist, addresses this issue by examining the discourse of dieting among American teenage girls. Although language itself is not the center of the analysis, Nichter draws on a wide range of sociolinguistic research to investigate how the body is constructed through talk – a question that will be of equal interest to scholars of language, culture, and society.

scholarly journals Role of Rasa Vaha Srotas Dushti in Tvak Vikruti

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Y. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Internal System ◽  
Wide Range

wholesome management of disease states which include diet, habit and medicine for total reversal of disease. Skin is the largest part of the body which is the protective covering as well as a reflection of the internal system. In Ayurveda various dermatological diseases discussed with its etiopathogenesis, classification and management and also described the wide range of etiological factors for Skin diseases including dietary habits and psychosocial factors. Tvak is the reflection of rasa dhatu sarata, hence any derangement in rasa dhatu function directly implies vitiation of quality of skin. The review is to unveil the importance of rasa dhatu dushti assessment in tvak roga which can help in both treatment aspects i.e. nidana parivarjana and samprapti vighattana.

Overview of Enzyme Engineering Towards the Production of Hyaluronic Acid with Tailored Molecular Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Ebrahimi ◽  
Kamran Hosseini ◽  
Hossein Ahangari ◽  
Pourya Gholizadeh ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Enzyme Engineering ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Hyaluronan Synthase ◽  
Wide Range

: Hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA) is a natural biopolymer composed of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine units, distributed as a non-sulfated and anionic glycosaminoglycan in important tissues of the body, and is commercially and biologically important. Its biological properties are determined by the molecular weight and dispersity which are suitable for particular medical and cosmetic applications. The synthesis of well-defined and monodisperse HA is still a significant obstacle and an impressive research field for advanced medical applications. High polydispersity by bacterial fermentation, the lack of knowledge of the mechanism required to start and continue the synthesis process, increased cost of raw materials to produce HA, clarification and explanation of factors limiting synthesis in bacterial systems are among the important challenges of hyaluronic acid synthesis. Hyaluronan synthase plays a critical role in HA molecular mass by producing a wide range of HA involved in various biological processes. Hyaluronan biosynthesis has been considered extensively; however, the control of its size and weight during the synthesis process is poorly investigated. This review focuses on these uncharted biochemical details to obtain the uniform chain lengths of Hyaluronan by protein engineering and regulating the function of Hyaluronan synthase.

Smell in Eighteenth-Century England

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tullett
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Ground

In England during the period between the 1670s and the 1820s a transformation took place in how smell and the senses were viewed. This book traces that transformation. The role of smell in creating medical and scientific knowledge came under intense scrutiny and the equation of smell with disease was actively questioned. Yet a new interest in smell’s emotive and idiosyncratic dimensions offered odours a new power in the sociable spaces of eighteenth-century England. Using a wide range of sources from diaries, letters, and sanitary records to satirical prints, consumer objects, and magazines, William Tullett traces how individuals and communities perceived the smells around them. From paint and perfume to onions and farts, this book highlights the smells that were good for eighteenth-century writers to think with. In doing so, the study challenges a popular, influential, and often cited narrative. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England is not a tale of the medicalization and deodorization of English olfactory culture. Instead, the book demonstrates that it was a new recognition of smell’s asocial-sociability, its capacity to create atmospheres of uncomfortable intimacy, that transformed the relationship between the senses and society. To trace this shift, the book also breaks new methodological ground. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England makes the case for new ways of thinking about the history of the senses, experience, and the body. Understanding the way past peoples perceived their world involves tracing processes of habituation, sensitization, and attention. These processes help explain which odours entered the archive and why they did so. They force us to recognise that the past was, for those who lived there, not just a place of unmitigated stench

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document