scholarly journals Does ophthalmic-grade silicone oil possess antimicrobial properties?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Pravin Dave ◽  
Joveeta Joseph ◽  
Priyanka Jayabhasker ◽  
Rajeev Reddy Pappuru ◽  
Avinash Pathengay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Silicone Oils ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Purpose To test the antimicrobial properties of silicon oil (Aurosil 1000 cSt, Aurosil Plus 5000 cSt) on in vitro growth of common microorganisms causing endophthalmitis. Materials and methods Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multi-drug resistant (MDR) strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus were prepared to 0.5 McFarland turbidity. The bacteria and fungi were inoculated into the silicone oils, brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for bacteria and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) broth for fungi, respectively, and cultured aerobically for 30 days. From each sample, 10 μl was plated onto nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar (PDA) for testing growth of bacteria and fungi respectively. Cultures from specimens, overnight incubation, and CFU counting were repeated on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 24, and 30. Negative controls were brain heart infusion and physiologic saline as well as silicone oils without any inoculations. Results All bacteria showed a decrease in CFUs by the fifth day and eliminated between 21 and 30 days in silicone oil. The silicon oil, irrespective of its viscosity, had only fungistatic effect up to 30 days. Colony-forming units of microorganisms remained stable in physiologic saline during the study. In BHI and Sabouraud broth, both bacteria and fungi showed a growth pattern that was compatible with the growth curve of microorganisms. Conclusion Medical-grade silicone oil used in ophthalmology exhibited in vitro bactericidal and fungistatic activity over 30 days. Insertion of silicone oil in vitrectomy for endophthalmitis, when required, could supplement the antimicrobial activities of intravitreal antibiotics in management of endophthalmitis.

Antimicrobial Properties of Levofloxacin Antibiotic Complexes of Zirconium(IV) and Indium(III)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1124
Author(s):  
Maha Abdallah Alnuwaiser
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Bidentate Ligand ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

In this article, there are two new levofloxacin (HLevo) complexes were synthesized and spectroscopically discussed. These complexes were prepared in alkaline state (pH = 8) with the 1:1 stoichiometry between zirconyl(II) or indium(III) chloride and pure HLevo antibiotic drug ligand in mixed solvent equal volumes from methanol and bi-distilled water. The structures interpretation were performed based on the micro analytical (elemental analyses), molar conductance and spectroscopic measurements. It is shown that the deprotonated HLevochelate was coordinated towards ZrIV and InIII metal ions, this occurs as a bidentate ligand through the oxygen atoms of carboxylate and carbonyl group, respectively. Accordingly, these complexes can be speculated as [ZrO(Lev)(Cl)(H2O)] · H2O (1) and [In(Lev)(Cl)2(H2O)2] (2). Through Tranmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging it is demonstrated that the nanoscale particles have a homogeneous distribution across the complex surface. Furthermore, by assessing in vitro antimicrobial activities, the inhibition activity of HLevo drug ligand as well as the associated metal ion complexes were evaluated towards specific types of bacteria and fungi.

scholarly journals Polyphenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Vernonia mespilifolia Less. Used in Folk Medicine in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1877399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin ◽  
Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Polyphenolic Content ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Vernonia mespilifolia Less. is a shrub of the Asteraceae family used in the South African traditional medicine system for the management of weight loss, hypertension, and heartwater disease. There is a need for scientific evaluation to validate its ethnomedicinal usage. In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different solvent extracts (acetone, aqueous, and ethanol) of the whole plant of Vernonia mespilifolia spectrophotometric and agar dilution techniques, respectively. The result revealed varying amounts of polyphenolics in the different solvent extracts corresponding to the antioxidant activities. Also, only the acetone and ethanol extracts inhibited the growth of the selected bacteria and fungi. These findings reveal that the extracts have strong bioactive compounds and hence support its ethnomedicinal application.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of the Ag, Cu Nanoparticle System

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Xinzhen Fan ◽  
L’Hocine Yahia ◽  
Edward Sacher
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Nanoparticle System ◽  
Contact Killing ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Microbes, including bacteria and fungi, easily form stable biofilms on many surfaces. Such biofilms have high resistance to antibiotics, and cause nosocomial and postoperative infections. The antimicrobial and antiviral behaviors of Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) are well known, and possible mechanisms for their actions, such as released ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), contact killing, the immunostimulatory effect, and others have been proposed. Ag and Cu NPs, and their derivative NPs, have different antimicrobial capacities and cytotoxicities. Factors, such as size, shape and surface treatment, influence their antimicrobial activities. The biomedical application of antimicrobial Ag and Cu NPs involves coating onto substrates, including textiles, polymers, ceramics, and metals. Because Ag and Cu are immiscible, synthetic AgCu nanoalloys have different microstructures, which impact their antimicrobial effects. When mixed, the combination of Ag and Cu NPs act synergistically, offering substantially enhanced antimicrobial behavior. However, when alloyed in Ag–Cu NPs, the antimicrobial behavior is even more enhanced. The reason for this enhancement is unclear. Here, we discuss these results and the possible behavior mechanisms that underlie them.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin in Nanoformulations: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7130
Author(s):  
Jeffersson Krishan Trigo-Gutierrez ◽  
Yuliana Vega-Chacón ◽  
Amanda Brandão Soares ◽  
Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Curcumin (CUR) is a natural substance extracted from turmeric that has antimicrobial properties. Due to its ability to absorb light in the blue spectrum, CUR is also used as a photosensitizer (PS) in antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT). However, CUR is hydrophobic, unstable in solutions, and has low bioavailability, which hinders its clinical use. To circumvent these drawbacks, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been used. In this review, we summarize the DDSs used to carry CUR and their antimicrobial effect against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including drug-resistant strains and emergent pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. The reviewed DDSs include colloidal (micelles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, cyclodextrins, chitosan, and other polymeric nanoparticles), metallic, and mesoporous particles, as well as graphene, quantum dots, and hybrid nanosystems such as films and hydrogels. Free (non-encapsulated) CUR and CUR loaded in DDSs have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action when used alone or as a PS in aPDT. They also show low cytotoxicity, in vivo biocompatibility, and improved wound healing. Although there are several in vitro and some in vivo investigations describing the nanotechnological aspects and the potential antimicrobial application of CUR-loaded DDSs, clinical trials are not reported and further studies should translate this evidence to the clinical scenarios of infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities in Pistacia atlantica—Aphids Make a Difference!

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Yoram Gerchman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Plants have been explored and used as sources for antimicrobial extract and compounds for many years, but galls—specialized structures forms on such by diversity of organisms—have been explored much less. Aphid galls host many insects in closed, humid and sugar rich environments for long periods. We have tested the antimicrobial properties of Slavum wertheimae aphid galls on Pistacia atlantica. Secondary metabolites were extracted from leaves and galls with organic solvents, and essential oils with Clevenger, and tested by disk diffusion assay and volatile effect on bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results demonstrated that gall extracts/essential oils had much stronger activity against the diversity of bacteria and fungi. The large diversity of galls suggest they could be explored as source for novel compounds.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fruit fractions ofMauritia flexuosaL. f. (Arecaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla de Fatima Alves Nonato ◽  
Débora Odília Duarte Leite ◽  
Rafael Caldas Pereira ◽  
Aline Augusti Boligon ◽  
Jaime Ribeiro-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

BackgroundFruit consumption is currently considered beyond the nutritional aspects because of the important roles in disease prevention and benefits to health. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different fractions obtained from fruit pulps ofMauritia flexuosa(MFFs).MethodsInitially, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions were obtained from the pulps. Quantifications of total phenols and flavonoids were performed using the methods of Folin-Ciocalteu and complexation with aluminum chloride, respectively. Standard samples were used to identify and quantify phenolic acids and flavonoids using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant capacity of the fractions was verified by sequestration of the free radical 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and iron chelating activity. The antimicrobial activity was determined using the microdilution method and the modulating activity was determined using sub-inhibitory concentrations of the fractions in association with antibiotics.ResultsThe chemical analyzes revealed the presence of catechin, caffeic acid, rutin, orientin, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and kaempferol, where all are present in the ethyl acetate fraction. The fractions exhibited moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive andCandidastrains in addition to modulating the activity of conventional antibiotics. The most expressive result was obtained from the association of the chloroform fraction with cefotaxime, which produced a synergistic effect, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic from 1,024 to 256 μg/mL.DiscussionThe fractions presented a constitution rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids. The data obtained demonstrated that the fractions presented moderate antioxidant activity by acting both as primary and secondary antioxidants. The fractions presented antimicrobial and antibiotic potentiating activities, being the first record of modulating effect of fractions of this species against the studied microbial strains, but failed in modulating the activity of antifungal drugs, indicating that this plant has the potential to be used in the development of therapeutic alternatives against resistant bacteria. The constitution phenolic the fractions may be responsible for their pharmacological properties in vitro.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Klebsiella spp

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Gislanne Stéphanne Estevam da Silva ◽  
Rivaldo Leon Bezerra Cabral ◽  
Nathalie de Sena Pereira ◽  
José Heriberto Oliveira do Nascimento ◽  
Dany G kramer
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) can be incorporated into medical devices, such as tissues, to circumvent bacterial resistance such as Klebsiella spp, which can lead to skin and mucosal infections. Thus, the aim of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles for later incorporation into cotton fabrics and in vitro tests against Klebsiella spp. The AgNP colloidal solution was synthesized (AgNO3 - 0.1 mM, 100 mM trisodium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone - 0.24 g, H2OH2) and then impregnated into the cotton fabric pretreated with poly diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) of 100/500 tissue, shaken for 30 minutes). The material produced was analyzed by the FTIR; DLS and reflectance spectroscopy. The tests of the antimicrobial activities were by the microdilution technique against Klebsiella spp, in tubes containing Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), with the solution of silver (1); Tissue containing AgNP - 4 mm (2); Negative control (3) and positive control - ceftriaxone (4). Regarding MIC, the inhibitory activity occurred of the dilutions between 1/2 and 1/16. The AgNP particles had an average size of 24.75 nm. As synthesized AgNPs demonstrate the excellent antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella spp, with special emphasis on applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, targeting multiresistant antibiotic bacteria.

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Antimicrobial Aloe Vera-“Smart” Triiodide-PVP Biomaterials

Biomimetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehra Edis ◽  
Samir Haj Bloukh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
One Pot

Antibiotic resistance is an eminent threat for the survival of mankind. Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug resistant microorganisms are a reason for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Plant-based antimicrobial agents are based on synergistic mechanisms which prevent resistance and have been used for centuries against ailments. We suggest the use of cost-effective, eco-friendly Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller (AV)-iodine biomaterials as a new generation of antimicrobial agents. In a facile, one-pot synthesis, we encapsulated fresh AV gel with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizing agent and incorporated iodine moieties in the form of iodine (I2) and sodium iodide (NaI) into the polymer matrix. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) verified the composition of AV-PVP-I2, AV-PVP-I2-NaI. AV, AV-PVP, AV-PVP-I2, AV-PVP-I2-NaI, and AV-PVP-NaI were tested in-vitro by disc diffusion assay and dip-coated on polyglycolic acid (PGA) sutures against ten microbial reference strains. All the tested pathogens were more susceptible towards AV-PVP-I2 due to the inclusion of “smart” triiodides with halogen bonding in vitro and on dip-coated sutures. The biocomplexes AV-PVP-I2, AV-PVP-I2-NaI showed remarkable antimicrobial properties. “Smart” biohybrids with triiodide inclusions have excellent antifungal and promising antimicrobial activities, with potential use against surgical site infections (SSI) and as disinfecting agents.

scholarly journals Biosurfactants Induce Antimicrobial Peptide Production through the Activation of TmSpatzles in Tenebrio molitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6090
Author(s):  
Tariku Tesfaye Edosa ◽  
Yong Hun Jo ◽  
Maryam Keshavarz ◽  
In Seon Kim ◽  
Yeon Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Iturin A ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Biosurfactant immunomodulatory activities in mammals, nematodes, and plants have been investigated. However, the immune activation property of biosurfactants in insects has not been reported. Therefore, here, we studied the defense response triggered by lipopeptides (fengycin and iturin A), glycolipids (rhamnolipid), and cyclic polypeptides (bacitracin) in the coleopteran insect, mealworm Tenebrio molitor. The in vitro antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans) were assessed by mixing these pathogens with the hemolymph of biosurfactant-immune-activated larvae. E. coli growth was remarkably inhibited by this hemolymph. The antimicrobial peptide (AMP) induction results also revealed that all biosurfactants tested induced several AMPs, exclusively in hemocytes. The survivability analysis of T. molitor larvae challenged by E. coli (106 CFU/µL) at 24 h post biosurfactant-immune activation showed that fengycin, iturin A, and rhamnopid significantly increased survivability against E. coli. Biosurfactant-induced TmSpatzles activation was also monitored, and the results showed that TmSpz3 and TmSpz-like were upregulated in the hemocytes of iturin A-injected larvae, while TmSpz4 and TmSpz6 were upregulated in the fat bodies of the fengycin-, iturin A-, and rhamnolipid-injected larvae. Overall, these results suggest that lipopeptide and glycolipid biosurfactants induce the expression of AMPs in T. molitor via the activation of spätzle genes, thereby increasing the survivability of T. molitor against E. coli.

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