scholarly journals Indigenous plant protection practices of Tripura, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyapriya Singh ◽  
Biswajit Das ◽  
Anup Das ◽  
Sujan Majumder ◽  
Hidangmayum Lembisana Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Native People ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Management Options ◽  
The Status ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
House Type ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Traditional plant protection strategies have an integral part of food production system in North Eastern state Tripura, India, which has bestowed with rich heritage and biodiversity. However, there is no comprehensive report on the indigenous plant protection practices (IPPPs) specific to insect and vertebrate pest management, being followed by the inhabitants of the region for centuries. The present study was conducted to investigate, collect, and document the vulnerable IPPP practices followed by the native people from far flung locations of the Tripura. Methods The study aimed to document the IPPP following semi-structured questionnaires, participatory interaction, and direct observations with a total of 200 informants. We have calculated the relative frequencies of citation (RFC) for IPPP and estimated principal component analysis to link the status of IPPP with socio-demographic factors of the informants. The relationship between the field of IPPP used and different covariates (age, education, occupation, gender, location, and house type) was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Chi-square test. The relationship between adoption level and the respondents’ characteristics was analyzed using count regression analysis. Results The study found that the status of the IPPP has increased for mitigating pest issues. A total of 39 indigenous practices were recorded specifically to pest management from the ethnic people of Tripura, India. People acquired pretty knowledge about IPPP, and these were inherited from ancestors. The respondents in the study developed notable innovations for the management of many pest issues using locally available resources that warrant cost-effective and eco-friendly. Seed drying before storage to protect grain commodities was the most cited IPPP with a frequency of citation 0.675. In the field of IPPP used, the people primarily practiced agriculture + horticulture + storage category. An important implication from the study is the identification of two IPPP strategies in this region for the first time. Furthermore, the recorded IPPP used field was significantly associated with age, education, occupation, gender, locality, and house type. Likewise, the respondents’ socio-demographic variables were coupled considerably with the adoption of specific IPPP. Conclusion The reported IPPP for alleviating pest problems reflects the wisdom and generosity of the ethnic growers of Tripura, India. The study suggests the IPPP has strong potential in an integrated pest management approach passed down from generation to generation. The vulnerable practices largely remained unexplored due to inadequate scientific scrutiny and authenticity, yet in danger of being lost if not documented systematically. This study provides the first step toward accessing the valuable technology of untapped Tripura in IPPP and could be viable in paving action paradigm for their preservation, diffusion, and application with advanced pest management options.

scholarly journals Indigenous plant protection practices in dry land agricultural agro ecosystems: Rationality of farmers’ knowledge system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Devi ◽  
Ashok Kumar Godara ◽  
Rupesh Sharma ◽  
Suman . ◽  
Vikas . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Knowledge System ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Indigenous Plant

In recent past, the farmers’ knowledge has received increased attention. Looking its importance a study was carried out, six randomly selected villages from two blocks, one from each of Bhiwani and Mahendergarh districts of Haryana state. To explore indigenous technological knowledge (ITKs) farmers with 10 years of experience were selected randomly from each village. Thus, making a total of 180 farmers from six villages. For testing rationality of each explored ITK, 40 agricultural scientists were selected. Data pertaining to study were taken by using personal interview method with open- ended and objective types of questions. Results indicated that 37 of ITKs were explored from farmers which are used against different insect pest management of various crops. Twenty four ITKs were found to be rational as perceived by farmers. Whereas 13 of ITKs were observed to be irrational by the farmers. Same numbers of ITKs were perceived as rational and irrational by agricultural scientists. It could be inferred that there was very less gap in weighting the rationality of explored ITKs by farmers and agricultural scientists both.

The separation of Carex disticha and Carex sartwellii and the status of Carex disticha in North America

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2323-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Catling ◽  
A. A. Reznicek ◽  
B. S. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Scatter Diagram ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Beak Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinguishing Features

To clarify the relationship between the Eurasian Carex disticha and the North American Carex sartwellii, 38 morphological characters were measured in 30 specimens of each. Various qualitative features were also scored. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), a reduced number of 10 important continuous characters was obtained and the sample of each taxon was increased to 50. ANOVA of these 10 characters revealed that perigynium length and perigynium beak length were the most important discriminating characters, but in a scatter diagram of these two, 15% of the sample occupied a region of overlap. Principal-component analysis and discriminant analysis using the 10 characters resulted in a separation of the two groups, but a small region of overlap existed in both cases. The two taxa are distinct by virtue of accumulation of small morphological and other differences in a number of characters, rather than by sharp differentiation in a few characters. Carex disticha has larger perigynia with beaks (0.8–)1–1.5(–2.3) mm long, whereas C. sartwellii has smaller perigynia with beaks 0.4–1(–1.2) mm long. All distinguishing features are discussed and a key is provided. Immature vouchers for the occurrence of C. disticha in southwestern Quebec are confirmed on the basis of features of the inflorescence. The only other North American station of C. disticha, discovered in Simcoe Co., Ontario, in 1972 and extant in 1986, is also confirmed in the numerical analyses.

scholarly journals Environment-Friendly Cotton Production through Implementing Integrated Pest Management Approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1119-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azeem Khan ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Tremendous increases in pesticide use in cotton growing areas have severely affected the health of peoples and degraded environment [Poswal and Williamson (1998); Ahmad and Poswal (2000); Orphal 2001 and Khan (2000)]. Farmer Field School (FFS) based IPM implemented in the world to reduce dependence on pesticides and promote environmentally safe plant protection practices. An FFS-led Integrated Pest Management (IMP) model implemented in Pakistan during 1996—popularly known as “Vehari Model”, clearly demonstrated that IPM could be implemented on a large scale at the farm level. UNDP-FAO Policy Reform Project provided required policy level support to scale up the Farmer-led IPM in the country. Implementation of pesticide policy project in Pakistan highlighted that pesticide consumption increased from 665 metric tons in 1980 to 78,132 metric tons in 2003-4. The role of private sector in promoting the production and use of pesticides was found tremendously high. The private sector also took full advantage of government’s pesticide import liberalisation policies. One of the key components of dramatic increase in pesticide use in Pakistan is related to very soft import and registration at that time, which allowed the generic compounds registered elsewhere, to be imported without fieldtesting.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Identification of Factors Influencing Milking Frequency of Cows in Automatic Milking Systems Combined with Grazing

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Françoise Lessire ◽  
Nassim Moula ◽  
Jean-Luc Hornick ◽  
Isabelle Dufrasne
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
The Relationship

More dairy farms (up to more than one in four in some countries) are equipped with automatic milking systems (AMS) worldwide. Because of the positive impacts of grazing, e.g., on animal welfare or on production costs, numerous researchers have published papers on the combination of AMS with grazing. However, pasture-based AMS usually causes a reduction in milking frequency (MF) compared to indoors systems. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to review publications on the impacts of pasture-based AMS on MF and mitigation strategies. First, data from 43 selected studies were gathered in a dataset including 14 parameters, and on which a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, leading to the description of four clusters summarizing different management practices. Multiple pairwise comparisons were performed to determine the relationship between the highlighted parameters of MF on milk yield (MY). From these different analyses, the relationship between MF and MY was confirmed, the systems, i.e., Clusters 1 and 2, that experienced the lowest MF also demonstrated the lowest MY/cow per day. In these clusters, grazed grass was an essential component of the cow’s diet and low feeding costs compensated MY reduction. The management options described in Clusters 3 and 4 allowed maintenance of MF and MY by complementing the cows’ diets with concentrates or partial mixed ration supplied at the AMS feeding bin or provided at barn. The chosen management options were closely linked to the geographical origin of the papers indicating that other factors (e.g., climatic conditions or available grasslands) could be decisional key points for AMS management strategies.

scholarly journals The Independence of the Judges in the Governance of the Judicial System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Anatol'evich Tsvetkov
Keyword(s):  
Judicial System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Internal Governance ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organizational Mechanisms ◽  
The Ideal

The study is aimed at improving the legal and organizational mechanisms that ensure the implementation of the constitutional principle of the independence of judges and the independence of the judiciary. The category of independence of judges is analyzed through the prism of administrative relations in the judicial system, as well as in relation to the level of political maturity of society. Real subjects, aims and tools of management of judges are identified, as well as gaps in the legislation on the status of judges, creating conditions for limiting their independence. The author substantiates the thesis that the problem of the independence of the judiciary rests not only in the question of the balance between external and internal governance, but in the relationship between the judiciary and society. The research methodology is based on the intersection of legal and management analysis. Its conceptual basis is the so-called management approach in law, the initial premise of which is the assertion of the absence of “pure” legal relations, if their participants are subjects that are elements of organizational systems (courts, law enforcement agencies, etc.). These relationships always deviate to some extent from the ideal goals, as set out in the law, towards the goals dictated by organizational effectiveness. The research is based on the empirical base: the data of judicial statistics, the results of sociological research, the data of the included observation - the author’s experience as a magistrate and Federal judge. The study concludes that the strengthening of the independence of judges can occur only with the joint action of the judicial community and civil society. Specific organizational and legal measures aimed at increasing the independence of judges are proposed.

What Does Human Development Index Rating Mean in Terms of Individualism/Collectivism?

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Sotelo ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between human development and individualism. The method is based on the first principal component of Hofstede's individualism index in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results suggest that the general idea that greater wealth brings more individualism is only true for countries with high levels of development, while for middle or low levels of development the inverse is true.

HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI PESISIR TANJUNG PURA KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Sudiyar . ◽  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Indra Ambalika Syari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Random System ◽  
System Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The destructive fishing feared will give a negative impact on the survival of this organism. This study aims to analyze the density of bivalves, distribution patterns, and to analyze the relationship of bivalves with environmental parameters in Tanjung Pura village. This research was conducted in March 2019. The systematic random system method was used for collecting data of bivalves. The collecting Data retrieval divided into five research stasions. The results obtained 6 types of bivalves from 3 families and the total is 115 individuals. The highest bivalve density is 4.56 ind / m², and the lowest bivalves are located at station 2,1.56 ind / m²,  The pattern of bivalve distribution in the Coastal of Tanjung Pura Village is grouping. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Anadara granosa species was positively correlated with TSS r = 0.890, Dosinia contusa, Anomalocardia squamosa, Mererix meretrix, Placamen isabellina, and Tellinella spengleri were positively correlated with currents r = 0.933.

Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Morteza Karimi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

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