scholarly journals A retrospective cross-sectional survey on nosocomial bacterial infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in hospitalized patients in northwest of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Sadeghi ◽  
Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽  
Mehdi Bakht ◽  
Mohammad Rostamani ◽  
Sara Rahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Objective Nosocomial infections (NIs) are known as one of the remarkable problems in all countries. This study is aimed to estimate the prevalence rate of nosocomial bacterial agents with antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in hospitalized patients. This study was conducted from April 2017 to September 2018, on 4029 hospitalized patients. We set out to recognize the commonest bacterial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nosocomial infection. Results Of the 4029 patients, 509 (12.6%) of them were culture positive. Of these Escherichia coli (E. coli) (98.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (37.5%) were the most abundant bacterial identified in the urinary tract and bloodstream cultures respectively, Moreover, Acinetobacter spp. (100%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.2%) were the most abundant organisms detected in the respiratory system. According to susceptibility testing results, 370 (80.5%) and 264 (57.3%) in Gram-negatives and 44 (91.7%) and 35 (72.9%) in gram positives isolated strains were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) strain respectively. On account of the high prevalence of MDR and XDR bacterial species, there is a pressing need for the expansion of new strategies on antibiotic supervision and infection control to introduce new guideline on empirical antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among Suspected Patients Attending Private Clinics in Jimma, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Addisu Sahile ◽  
Lule Teshager ◽  
Minale Fekadie ◽  
Mulatu Gashaw
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gonococcal Infection ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. In most African countries including Ethiopia, Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections were diagnosed clinically and its antibiotic susceptibility was rarely tested. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of N. gonorrhoeae among suspected patients attending private clinics in Jimma, Ethiopia. Methods. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from urogenital specimens. Urogenital samples were collected aseptically and then transported using Amie’s transport media and processed in a microbiology laboratory following the standard protocol. Results. Of the total 315 samples examined, 31 (9.8%) were confirmed to have gonococcal infection. Of these, 30 (96.7%) were females. High proportion of culture confirmed cases (18 (12.5%)) were observed in the 20–24 age group. All of the identified organisms were susceptible to ceftriaxone and had high resistance to penicillin (80.6%) and tetracycline (54.8%). Conclusion. The prevalence of gonococcal infection is high. In the current study, participants who have no information about sexually transmitted infection were more likely to be infected by N. gonorrhoeae. According to our study, ciprofloxacin is effective against gonococcal infection.

scholarly journals Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia Coli from laying chicken and egg in Jimma Town, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Taddese ◽  
Eshetu Shumi ◽  
Mestewot Asefa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Jimma Town ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Objectives Food borne diseases are one of the main important issues in the world. Escherichia coli are considered as the most prevalent food borne pathogen. A cross sectional study was conducted from January 6- 2018 to September 10-2019 on cloacae swab; farm and market’s egg at Jimma town to isolate, identify and determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Result Out of 415 total samples, 156 (37.59%) were identified as E. coli from farm eggshell 21/83 (25.30%), farm egg content 12/83 (14.46%), cloacae swab 42/83 (50.60%) and market egg shell 45/83 (54.23%). In the current study antimicrobial susceptibility test of E. coli isolates from different sample types revealed varying degree of susceptibility to antimicrobial. Isolated E. coli was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Gentamicine (100%), Streptomycin ( 96.4% ) , sulfonamides (94%), Kanamycin (91%), Chloramphenicol ( 89.5% ) , tetraccine (78.9%) , Trimethoprim (75%) these are considered appropriate for empirical treatment of E. coli in the study area. Moreover, resistance of isolates with 100%, 75% 50%, 25%, 1.6% and 0.5% was developed to ampicillin, neomycin, cefoxitin oxytetracycline , Streptomycin and tetraccine respectively. The presence of E.coli within egg/and chicken can pose serious public health problems. The appropriate hygienic practices of eggs at both farms and markets should be under taken.

scholarly journals Recent Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Isolates in A Tertiay Care Hospital Lahore

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Hina Bukhari ◽  
Tayyeba Komal ◽  
Raana Akhtar ◽  
Sami Ullah Mumtaz ◽  
Iqra Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Objective: To determine the recent antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella isolates (typhi and paratyphi) in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Methods: It is cross sectional retrospective study conducted out in King Edward Medical University(Pathology deptt)/Mayo Hospital Lahore.The study period is six months from May 2019 to October 2019(Peak months of Typhoid fever).During this six months study period, total of 4284 samples for blood culture were received that were inoculated on the macConkey and blood agar plates.The growths obtained were then processed through biochemical profiling and analytical profile index(API).The Kirby Bauer technique was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and reporting was done on the basis of clinical laboratory standard institute(CLSI). Results: During these six months, total 4284 blood samples were inoculated, out of which 433 growths were obtained. There were 84 strains of salmonella typhi isolated. Sensitivity pattern of different antibiotics showed that Azithromycin was sensitive to 70 (83.3%) isolates, imipenem in 72 (85.7%), ciprofloxacin to 56 (66.7%), gentamycin to 48 (57.1%), ceftriaxone to 45 (53.6%), cefepime to 20 (23.8%), chloramphenicol to 12 (14.3%) while ampicillin was least sensitive i.e. 8 (9.5%) isolates. There were 24 MDR(multidrug resistant) and 12 were XDR(extensive drug resistant) strains. We also found out that resistance to azithromycin drug is also emerging as 70 out of 84 strains were sensitive while remaining 14 were resistant. Conclusion: According to recent antibiotic susceptibility against salmonella typhi, the most sensitive drugs are Carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem) these days. Second sensitive antibiotic is azithromycin. Key Words: Antimicrobial susceptibility, Salmonella isolates, Carbapenems, Azithromycin. How to cite: Bukhari H., Komal T., Akhtar R., Mumtaz U.S., Waheed I., Recent Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Isolates in A Tertiay Care Hospital of Lahore. Esculapio 2021;17(01):45-48

scholarly journals Bacteremia Among Febrile Patients Attending Selected Healthcare Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. S466-S473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Popoola ◽  
Aderemi Kehinde ◽  
Veronica Ogunleye ◽  
Oluwafemi J Adewusi ◽  
Trevor Toy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Abstract Background The relative contribution of bacterial infections to febrile disease is poorly understood in many African countries due to diagnostic limitations. This study screened pediatric and adult patients attending 4 healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria, for bacteremia and malaria parasitemia. Methods Febrile patients underwent clinical diagnosis, malaria parasite testing, and blood culture. Bacteria from positive blood cultures were isolated and speciated using biochemical and serological methods, and Salmonella subtyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion. Results A total of 682 patients were recruited between 16 June and 16 October 2017; 467 (68.5%) were <18 years of age. Bacterial pathogens were cultured from the blood of 117 (17.2%) patients, with Staphylococcus aureus (69 [59.0%]) and Salmonella enterica (34 [29.1%]) being the most common species recovered. Twenty-seven (79.4%) of the Salmonella isolates were serovar Typhi and the other 7 belonged to nontyphoidal Salmonella serovarieties. Thirty-four individuals were found to be coinfected with Plasmodium falciparum and bacteria. Five (14.7%) of these coinfections were with Salmonella, all in children aged <5 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that most of the Salmonella and Staphylococcus isolates were multidrug resistant. Conclusions The study demonstrates that bacteria were commonly recovered from febrile patients with or without malaria in this location. Focused and extended epidemiological studies are needed for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines that have the potential to prevent a major cause of severe community-acquired febrile diseases in our locality.

Interfacility transfer communication of multidrug-resistant organism colonization or infection status: Practices and barriers in the acute-care setting

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Ellingson ◽  
Brie N. Noble ◽  
Genevieve L. Buser ◽  
Graham M. Snyder ◽  
Jessina C. McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Academic Affiliation ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology

Abstract Objective: To describe interfacility transfer communication (IFTC) methods for notification of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) status in a diverse sample of acute-care hospitals. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Participants: Hospitals within the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN). Methods: SRN members completed an electronic survey on protocols and methods for IFTC. We assessed differences in IFTC frequency, barriers, and perceived benefit by presence of an IFTC protocol. Results: Among 136 hospital representatives who were sent the survey, 54 (40%) responded, of whom 72% reported having an IFTC protocol in place. The presence of a protocol did not differ significantly by hospital size, academic affiliation, or international status. Of those with IFTC protocols, 44% reported consistent notification of MDRO status (>75% of the time) to receiving facilities, as opposed to 13% from those with no IFTC protocol (P = .04). Respondents from hospitals with IFTC protocols reported significantly fewer barriers to communication compared to those without (2.8 vs 4.3; P = .03). Overall, however, most respondents (56%) reported a lack of standardization in communication. Presence of an IFTC protocol did not affect whether respondents perceived IFTC protocols as having a significant impact on infection prevention or antimicrobial stewardship. Conclusions: Most respondents reported having an IFTC protocol, which was associated with reduced communication barriers at transfer. Standardization of protocols and clarity about expectations for sending and receipt of information related to MDRO status may facilitate IFTC and promote appropriate and timely infection prevention practices.

scholarly journals Prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from a tertiary Hospital in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pizga Kumwenda ◽  
Emmanuel C. Adukwu ◽  
Ebot S. Tabe ◽  
Victor. C. Ujor ◽  
Pocha S. Kamudumuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract Background Bacterial infections are a significant cause of sickness and death in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of major bacterial isolates from patients accessing medical care at a tertiary hospital in Malawi. Methods We retrospectively reviewed bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility records for 4617 patients from 2002 to 2014 at Mzuzu Central Hospital (MCH). No inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. Data was analysed using excel (Microsoft office, USA) and GraphPad prism 7 software programs. Results The most prevalent isolates were S. aureus (34.7%, n = 783), Klebsiella species (17.4%, n = 393) and Proteus species (11.4%, n = 256). Most microorganisms were isolated from adults (88.3%, n = 3889) and pus was the main source (69.3%, n = 1224). S. pneumoniae was predominantly isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (60.3%, n = 44) largely collected from children (88.2%, n = 64). Overall, most bacteria exhibited high resistance to all regularly used antimicrobials excluding ciprofloxacin. Conclusions Our report demonstrates an increase in bacterial infection burden in sites other than blood stream and subsequent increase in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance for all major isolates. Creating an epidemiological survey unit at MCH will be essential to help inform better treatment and management options for patients with bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Species, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Isolates from HIV-Infected Patients Suspected to Have Pneumonia in Mekelle Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebre Adhanom ◽  
Dawit Gebreegziabiher ◽  
Yemane Weldu ◽  
Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun ◽  
Tadele Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Patients

Background. Pneumonia is a condition, where bacterial infections are implicated as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. The actual burden of HIV-infected patients with pneumonia is not well documented in Mekelle region of Ethiopia. This study estimated the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV patients, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens implicated in pneumonia, and associated risk factors in Mekelle zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, during August-December 2016. Methods. Sputum specimens were collected from 252 HIV seropositive individuals with suspected pneumonia. Data on sociodemographics and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood, Chocolate, and Mac Conkey agar plates (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) were used to grow the isolates. The isolated colonies were identified based on Gram stain, colony morphology, pigmentation, hemolysis, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and p-value < 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of the 252 samples, 110 (43.7%) were positive for various bacterial species. The predominant bacterial species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=26, 23.6 %) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=17, 15.5 %), Escherichia coli (n=16, 14.5%), Klebsiella spp. (n=15, 13.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=9, 8.2%), Enterobacter spp. (n=7, 6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4, n=3.6%), Proteus spp. (n=4, 3.6%), Citrobacter freundii (n=7, 6.3%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3, 2.7%), and Haemophilus influenzae (n=2, 1.8%). Young age (18-29), recent CD4+ count less than 350 cells/mL, alcohol consumption, and HIV WHO stage II showed significant association with the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia. Resistance to penicillin, co-trimoxazole, and tetracycline was observed in 81.8%, 39.8%, and 24.5% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusions. The problem of pneumonia among HIV patients was significant in the study area. The high prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria isolated from the patient’s samples possesses a health risk in immunocompromised HIV patients. There is a need to strengthen and expand culture and susceptibility procedures for the administration of appropriate therapy to improve patients management and care which may aid in decreasing the mortality.

Medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia: an Iranian cross-sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashem Hashempur ◽  
Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat ◽  
Mojtaba Heydari ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Despite growing demand for medicinal plants, there is little data about their use by patients with dyslipidemia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and associated factors for the use of medicinal plants among patients with dyslipidemia. Methods A 17-item semi-structured questionnaire was filled out by 195 patients with dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional study carried out in two academic endocrinology clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire comprised of three main domains of demographic data (6 questions), clinical data (2 of them), and data related to the use of medicinal plants (totally 9 questions). Results A total of 77.4% of patients took medicinal plants. The most common medicinal herbs used by dyslipidemic patients were Zataria multiflora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Zingiber officinale. Duration of dyslipidemia was significantly longer in herbal users than non-herbal users (p=0.04). Patients believing that concomitant use of conventional drugs and herbal preparations had synergic positive effects in addition to those persuaded that herbal preparations possessed less side effects, were significantly more likely to use medicinal plants (p=0.008 and 0.005, respectively). Additionally, most of the medicinal herb users (87.4%) changed neither the pattern nor the dosage of their medications all during herbal preparations use. Conclusions This study demonstrated a high prevalence of medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia, which was associated with the duration of dyslipidemia, patients’ viewpoints about herbal preparations’ synergic positive effects, and their fewer side effects.

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