Using qualitative data to examine disparities in cancer outcomes: Results from interviews with African American (AA) and white (W) patients regarding health beliefs and perceptions of chemotherapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 16016-16016
Author(s):  
B. N. Polite ◽  
S. Gehlert ◽  
F. Hlubocky ◽  
D. Smith ◽  
C. K. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
To Receive

16016 Background: Prior data indicate African Americans are less likely to receive appropriate and timely therapy for breast, colon, and lung cancers. The reasons for this may involve differences in how AA patients (pts) perceive the risks and benefits of available therapies. In general, little is known about the beliefs of pts, and about AA’s in particular, toward the risks and benefits of chemotherapy. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews are being conducted on pts who have been referred to receive chemotherapy for breast, colon, and lung cancer. Results: To date, 18 patients have been interviewed: 9AA, 9W; median age 61 (range 35–77); 11 lung, 4 breast, 3 colon (11 for adjuvant therapy and 7 with metastatic disease). Pts provided their beliefs on the role of chemotherapy. Many described the advantages of chemotherapy indicating the possibility of cure or remission. Others expressed a degree of skepticism about the curative intent of chemotherapy. Many indicated an expectation of moderate to severe side effects that may have lasting effects on the body. Trust in one’s physician and the role of religion/spirituality are also emerging themes. One AA pt described that chemotherapy was a way for physicians to experiment on patients. Others believed that trust in one’s physician was implicit and essential. Many indicated a belief in God but few believed that his/her religious beliefs affected his/her approach to treatment. Conclusions: Consistent with the health beliefs’ model, perceived benefits and perceived barriers (one’s belief about the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action) shape pts’ perceptions of chemotherapy. In this ongoing analysis, the perceived benefits are tempered by a degree of skepticism. The perceived barriers include concerns about the overall impact of chemotherapy on the body and spirit rather than specific short-term side effects. Also, belief in the use of chemotherapy as an experiment is potentially consistent with some African American patients’ perceptions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Parents intention to vaccinate their 5-11 years old children with the COVID-19: vaccine rates, predictors and the role of incentives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liora Shmueli
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Parental Concerns ◽  
Cues To Action ◽  
Vaccine Availability ◽  
Do So

Background: On September 20, 2021, Pfizer announced encouraging effectiveness and safety results from their COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials in 5-11 years old children. This study aims to assess parents perceptions and intention to vaccinate their 5-11 years old children and to determine the socio-demographic, health-related and behavioral factors, as well as the role of incentives beyond these factors, in predicting this intention. Methods: A cross-sectional representative online survey among parents of children aged 5-11 years in Israel (n=1,012). The survey was carried out between September 23 and October 4, 2021, at a critical time, immediately after Pfizers announcement. Two multivariate regressions were performed to determine predictors of parents intention to vaccinate their 5-11 years old children against COVID-19 in the coming winter and how soon they intend to do so. Results: Overall, 57% of the participants reported their intention to vaccinate their 5-11 years old children against COVID-19 in the coming winter. This intention was higher for participants over the age of 40. Perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, as well as two incentives - vaccine availability and receiving a green pass - were all significant predictors of this intention. When asked about how soon they intend to vaccinate their 5-11 years old children, 27% of the participants responded immediately; 26% within three months; and 24% within more than three months. Participants having a family member suffering from a chronic disease as well as those whose children were vaccinated against influenza in the previous winter intend to vaccinate their children sooner. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, were all found to be significant predictors of this sense of urgency. Similar to the intention to vaccinate children in the coming winter, while vaccine availability and receiving a green pass were found to be positive significant predictors of how soon parents intend to vaccinate their children, other incentives such as monetary rewards or monetary penalties were not found to be significant predictors. Parental concerns centered around the safety of the vaccine (64%), fear of severe side effects (60%), and fear that clinical trials and the authorization process were carried out too quickly (56%). Conclusions: This study provides up-to-date information on the rates of the intention of parents to vaccinate their 5-11 years old children, how soon they intend to do so, and the predictors of those intentions, which is essential for health policy makers and healthcare providers for planning vaccination campaigns. Moreover, as vaccine safety and side effects were found to be key parental concerns, it is important to release post-approval safety data regarding the vaccine to the public as soon as such is available. Finally, our findings underscore the important role of vaccine accessibility and receiving a green pass over other incentives in promoting parents intentions to vaccinate their children.

The Role of Occupational Engagement in Health Beliefs of African American Male Elders

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4_Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 7311505167p1
Author(s):  
Leslie Roundtree ◽  
Farnaz Chaudhry ◽  
Rudi Holland ◽  
Katrina Morgan ◽  
Jacek Tomczak
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
African American Male ◽  
Occupational Engagement

Beliefs and concerns African American (AA) and white (W) patients (pts) with breast, lung, and colon cancer bring to bear on the decision to undergo chemotherapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9076-9076
Author(s):  
D. Smith ◽  
B. N. Polite ◽  
F. Hlubocky ◽  
S. Gehlert ◽  
C. K. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Physician Trust ◽  
To Receive

9076 Background: AA have poorer stage-specific survival for breast, colon and lung cancer than whites and are also less likely to receive therapy for these cancers. This study seeks to explore the set of beliefs and concerns patients with primarily resected breast, lung, and colon cancer bring to bear on the decision to receive chemotherapy. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded by a non-physician, African-American interviewer on patients with colon, breast, and lung cancer referred to medical oncology for chemotherapy. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze and code the interview transcripts. Results: A total of 27 interviews were conducted (17AA, 10W) including pts with breast (5), colon (6) and lung cancer (16). All but 7 of the pts were referred for adjuvant therapy. Three major themes emerged: (1) Patient versus physician control in decision making; (2) Absolute trust in one's physician versus qualified trust; (3) Major role of God in the decision making process versus a partnership or minimal role of God. In terms of decision-making, roughly equal portions of AA and W (53% vs 54%) expressed a patient centered locus of control. In the area of trust, AA were less likely to express an absolute trust in their physicians (59% vs. 80%). Finally, with respect to the role of God, AA were more likely to express a major role of God for their cancer and treatment (41% vs. 7%). Very few pts viewed the opinion or advice of family or friends as important and while many expressed concerns about the side-effects of therapy, very few identified that as being an important factor in their decision to undergo therapy. Conclusions: Issues of locus of control, physician trust and the role of God were areas identified as important in the chemotherapy decision-making process and for which variability existed among the pts interviewed. Analysis of these interviews informed the incorporation of validated measures of decision-making, physician trust, and the role of God as a locus of control in an ongoing close-coded survey of a similar cancer population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals The Role of Phlebotomy (Fasd) and Wet Cupping (Hijamat) to Manage Dizziness and Vertigo From the Viewpoint of Persian Medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Kordafshari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shams Ardakani ◽  
Mansoor Keshavarz ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Esfahani ◽  
Esmaeil Nazem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Health System ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Persian Medicine

Dizziness and vertigo are the most common complaints of patients that has a high economic burden on the health system. In modern medicine, treatment for dizziness and vertigo consists of chemical pharmacological therapy. Although these drugs are useful in controlling the disease, their side effects and inefficiency in full control of the disease require the use of complementary medicine in this field. Persian medicine consists of valuable experiences of Persian medicine scholars based on the theory of humors and temperaments. In Persian medicine, 2 types of disease are presented: dizziness ( sadar) and vertigo ( dovar). Persian medicine physicians expressed a different mechanism of action than modern medicine for these diseases. They believed that accumulation of abnormal humors, reeh (normal bloating) or causative pathologic substances, is the basic cause of sadar and dovar and that the most important treatment is cleansing the body, particularly the head from accumulated substances by bloodletting methods.

scholarly journals Elderly diabetes patients’ health beliefs about care and treatment for diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Şenay Şermet Kaya ◽  
Yeter Kitiş
Keyword(s):  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Care And Treatment ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed to assess elderly diabetes patients’ health beliefs about care and treatment for diabetes.Methods: The universe of the study consists of 1176 diabetic patients aged 65 years and over who are registered to eight family health centers affiliated to Mezitli district of Mersin province. In the sample, it was planned to reach the elderly between 165-330. As a result, 280 elders were reached. After obtaining the necessary permissions from the related institutions, data were collected with Descriptive Characteristics Form and HBMS for Diabetes Patients in 2012 and analyzed with nonparametric tests.Results: Of 280 patients, 55.7% were male and 60% were aged 65-69. The median value for HBMS showed that the patients had a negative health belief. The patients with higher education levels and those receiving information about diabetes had higher median of values for both the scale and its subscales, those checking their blood glucose had high median of values for the scale and the subscale perceived benefits and barriers, those complying with nutrition therapy had higher median of values for perceived barriers and recommended health behaviours, those having regular check-ups had higher median of values for perceived barriers and those doing exercise regularly had higher median of values for perceived benefits (p<0.05).Conclusion: Elderly diabetes patients should be offered education about self management and HBMS for Diabetes Patients should be used to determine educational needs and to evaluate effectiveness of education offered to help diabetes patients to develop positive health beliefs.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN STRESS MANAGEMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Anuradha Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Power

Stress management refers to the development of certain psychological and physiological mechanisms that can be learned to reduce the side effects of human body and mind. According to Richard Lazarus and Susan Folk Men, when a person has few resources to reach a goal and the work to be done is too much, then he gets stressed. Research by Walter Cannon and Hans Salleay found that stress has negative effects on the body and mind. It is necessary for every human being to learn the techniques of stress management in order to live a satisfying, balanced and happy life. One of these techniques is the use of music. According to Jain Collingwood, music has such unique power that it reduces stress by affecting us emotionally. The melody of music makes the human mind happy, the lyrics of the song inspire the person and the heart likes the rhythm. Music affects all humans. The tradition of singing and dancing with different instruments in different languages ​​and dialects has been found in all the societies of the world, that is, music provides universal joy. तनाव प्रबंधन का अर्थ कुछ ऐसी मनेावैज्ञानिक और शारीरिक क्रियाआंे की प्रणाली विकसित करने से है जिन्हें सीख कर मनुष्य के शरीर और मन पर पडने वाले दुष्प्रभावोें को कम किया जा सकता है। रिचर्ड लज़ारस तथा सुसैन फोक मेन के अनुसार जब मनुष्य के पास किसी लक्ष्य तक पहुंचने के लिए संसाधन कम होते है और पूरे किये जाने वाले काम बहुत अधिक होते है तो उसे तनाव होता है। वाॅल्टर कैनन तथा हैन्स सेल्ये ने मनुष्यों तथा प्राणियों पर किये गये शोध मे पाया कि तनाव शरीर और मन पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव डालता है। प्रत्येक मनुष्य के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह संतोषप्रद, संतुलित और सुखी जीवन जीने के लिये तनाव प्रबंधन की तकनीके सीखे। इन्हीं तकनीको मे से एक है संगीत का उपयोग। जैन कालिंगवुड के अनुसार संगीत मे एैसी अनोखी शक्ति होती है जो कि हमें भावनात्मक रूप से प्रभावित कर तनाव को कम करती है। संगीत की स्वर लहरियाँ मनुष्य के मन को आनंदित करती हैं गीत के बोल व्यक्ति को प्रेरित करते हैं तथा लय मन को अच्छी लगती है। सभी मनुष्यों को संगीत प्रभावित करता है। विश्व के सभी समाजों मंे भिन्न - भिन्न भाषाओं और बोलियों में विभिन्न वाद्यों के साथ गाने तथा नृत्य करने की परंपरा पाई गई है अर्थात् संगीत सार्वभौमिक रूप से आनन्द प्रदान करता है।

Embodied Mind, Situated Cognition, and Expressive Microtiming in African-American Music

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Iyer
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Situated Cognition ◽  
American Music ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Embodied Mind ◽  
African American Music ◽  
Cultural Specificity

The dual theories of embodied mind and situated cognition, in which physical/temporal embodiment and physical/social/cultural environment contribute crucially to the structure of mind, are brought to bear on issues in music perception. It is argued that cognitive universals grounded in human bodily experience are tempered by the cultural specificity that constructs the role of the body in musical performance. Special focus is given to microrhythmic techniques in specific forms of African-American music, using audio examples created by the author or sampled from well-known jazz recordings.

scholarly journals O T H E R V I S U A L : Onto the Audiovisual Cooking

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
Inês Laranjeira ◽  
◽  
João A. Mota ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
To Receive

This paper inquiries about the kitchen as space of vibrant materiality for representation and agency for art, design and architecture practices. On meeting the challenges posed by the coronavirus pandemic, it is not incidental that the 5th Istanbul Design Biennial curated by Mariana Pestana under the theme “Empathy Revisited: designs for more than one” has chosen the kitchen as a means to create spaces of discourses, exchange and collective reflection. Taking into account Jeffrey and Shaowen Bardzell’s view of “What Is ‘Critical’ about Critical Design?” (2013), this paper surveys the biennial’s programme “The Critical Cooking Show” which presents a digital programme of films, lectures and performances that reimagine the kitchen as a space central to design thinking and production. Deepening our sensibilities as to how criticality occupies design practices, we have to further understand the expanded space of the kitchen and what it really offers to expand the space of design. From the triangulation kitchen, design and process, evidence is searched for bridging process between the fields of kitchen and design following Buchanan’s theory of rethinking placements over categories by way of signs, things, actions and thoughts. Kitchen and design are thus understood as liberal arts disciplines seeking to privilege a placement-based approach to projectual practice where observations on the speculative allow reflections of the self and modes of action. Pallasmaa’s conception of an architecture of the senses, for whom the role of the body is understood as the locus of perception, thought and consciousness, helps explore and convoke the space of kitchen visited by artists and designers throughout recent history, as a means to establish relations between theories, processes, and projectual methodologies in kitchen and design. The reading of the space finds its translation through diverse processes applied by these creators leading to an understanding of a kitchen milieu: process as context. From the interpretation of the empirical work it is suggested that kitchen multiplies design (k x d). It implies that the context of kitchen multiplies the space of the discipline of design, becoming, in Buchanan’s term, a “quasi-subject matter of design thinking”. If so, kitchen as other placements may offer, or are open to receive and edify, an expanded view of the discipline of design. Deepening our sensibilities as to how criticality occupies design practices, we have to further understand the expanded space of the kitchen and what it really offers to expand the space of design. From the triangulation kitchen, design and process, evidence is searched for bridging process between the fields of kitchen and design following Buchanan’s theory of rethinking placements over categories by way of signs, things, actions and thoughts. Kitchen and design are thus understood as liberal arts disciplines seeking to privilege a placement-based approach to projectual practice where observations on the speculative allow reflections of the self and modes of action. Pallasmaa’s conception of an architecture of the senses, for whom the role of the body is understood as the locus of perception, thought and consciousness, helps explore and convoke the space of kitchen visited by artists and designers throughout recent history, as a means to establish relations between theories, processes, and projectual methodologies in kitchen and design. The reading of the space finds its translation through diverse processes applied by these creators leading to an understanding of a kitchen milieu: process as context. From the interpretation of the empirical work it is suggested that kitchen multiplies design (k x d). It implies that the context of kitchen multiplies the space of the discipline of design, becoming, in Buchanan’s term, a “quasi-subject matter of design thinking”. If so, kitchen as other placements may offer, or are open to receive and edify, an expanded view of the discipline of design.

scholarly journals Using Tweets to Understand How COVID-19–Related Health Beliefs Are Affected in the Age of Social Media: Twitter Data Analysis Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyin Wang ◽  
Yikuan Li ◽  
Meghan Hutch ◽  
Andrew Naidech ◽  
Yuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Social Media Platforms

BACKGROUND The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (ie, COVID-19) has given rise to a global pandemic affecting 215 countries and over 40 million people as of October 2020. Meanwhile, we are also experiencing an infodemic induced by the overabundance of information, some accurate and some inaccurate, spreading rapidly across social media platforms. Social media has arguably shifted the information acquisition and dissemination of a considerably large population of internet users toward higher interactivities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate COVID-19-related health beliefs on one of the mainstream social media platforms, Twitter, as well as potential impacting factors associated with fluctuations in health beliefs on social media. METHODS We used COVID-19-related posts from the mainstream social media platform Twitter to monitor health beliefs. A total of 92,687,660 tweets corresponding to 8,967,986 unique users from January 6 to June 21, 2020, were retrieved. To quantify health beliefs, we employed the health belief model (HBM) with four core constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers. We utilized natural language processing and machine learning techniques to automate the process of judging the conformity of each tweet with each of the four HBM constructs. A total of 5000 tweets were manually annotated for training the machine learning architectures. RESULTS The machine learning classifiers yielded areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves over 0.86 for the classification of all four HBM constructs. Our analyses revealed a basic reproduction number <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> of 7.62 for trends in the number of Twitter users posting health belief–related content over the study period. The fluctuations in the number of health belief–related tweets could reflect dynamics in case and death statistics, systematic interventions, and public events. Specifically, we observed that scientific events, such as scientific publications, and nonscientific events, such as politicians’ speeches, were comparable in their ability to influence health belief trends on social media through a Kruskal-Wallis test (<i>P</i>=.78 and <i>P</i>=.92 for perceived benefits and perceived barriers, respectively). CONCLUSIONS As an analogy of the classic epidemiology model where an infection is considered to be spreading in a population with an <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> greater than 1, we found that the number of users tweeting about COVID-19 health beliefs was amplifying in an epidemic manner and could partially intensify the infodemic. It is “unhealthy” that both scientific and nonscientific events constitute no disparity in impacting the health belief trends on Twitter, since nonscientific events, such as politicians’ speeches, might not be endorsed by substantial evidence and could sometimes be misleading.

The role of enteroceptive awareness in eating disorders: A study on a group of binge eaters

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S556-S556
Author(s):  
G.M. Longo ◽  
J. Falcone ◽  
R.M. Martoni ◽  
L. Bellodi ◽  
A. Ogliari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Intervention ◽  
Binge Eaters ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
First Time ◽  
To Receive

IntroductionEnteroceptive awareness is defined as the ability to perceive the body states. Such ability is provided by the enteroceptors, organs and structures specifically designated to receive both internal and external stimuli. This capability, especially the perception of satiation, seems to be lacking in individuals suffering from Eating Disorders and there is no procedure to increase this ability.ObjectivesThe primary purpose is to improve patient's enteroceptive awareness. We tested whether patients diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED), while deprived of eyesight, would better focus on their internal signals, such as the satiation feeling, and therefore eat less and slower.MethodsFor the first time, 29 patients with BED were deprived of vision during a meal. In a standardized procedure, participants ate two different meals, the first one while deprived of eyesight, the second one, a week later, in normal conditions. Both the amount of eaten food and the total time to complete the meal were taken into account during each of the meals. The patients filled in a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire at the end of each meal, in order to evaluate the experience and their internal feelings.ResultsThe results show that patients suffering from BED, when deprived of eyesight, eat less food, take more time to finish the meal and experience the same level of satiation with respect to the normal condition.ConclusionThis procedure could be of great interest for the implementation of specific intervention protocols that are aimed at the recovery of enteroceptive awareness in patients with eating disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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