scholarly journals The plasma lipidome of the Quaker parrot (Myiopsitta monachus)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0240449
Author(s):  
Hugues Beaufrère ◽  
Sara M. Gardhouse ◽  
R. Darren Wood ◽  
Ken D. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
Structure Database ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fatty Acyls

Dyslipidemias and lipid-accumulation disorders are common in captive parrots, in particular in Quaker parrots. Currently available diagnostic tests only measure a fraction of blood lipids and have overall problematic cross-species applicability. Comprehensively analyzing lipids in the plasma of parrots is the first step to better understand their lipid metabolism in health and disease, as well as to explore new lipid biomarkers. The plasma lipidome of 12 Quaker parrots was investigated using UHPLC-MS/MS with both targeted and untargeted methods. Targeted methods on 6 replicates measured 432 lipids comprised of sterol, cholesterol ester, bile acid, fatty acid, acylcarnitine, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, and sphingolipid panels. For untargeted lipidomics, precursor ion mass-to-charge ratios were matched to corresponding lipids using the LIPIDMAPS structure database and LipidBlast at the sum composition or acyl species level of information. Sterol lipids and glycerophospholipids constituted the majority of plasma lipids on a molar basis. The most common lipids detected with the targeted methods included free cholesterol, CE(18:2), CE(20:4) for sterol lipids; PC(36:2), PC(34:2), PC(34:1) for glycerophospholipids; TG(52:3), TG(54:4), TG(54:5), TG(52:2) for glycerolipids; SM(d18:1/16:0) for sphingolipids; and palmitic acid for fatty acyls. Over a thousand different lipid species were detected by untargeted lipidomics. Sex differences in the plasma lipidome were observed using heatmaps, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis. This report presents the first comprehensive database of plasma lipid species in psittacine birds and paves the way for further research into blood lipid diagnostics and the impact of diet, diseases, and drugs on the parrot plasma lipidome.

Abstract 17335: Dietary Carbohydrate Quality Affects Plasma Lipid Profile and the Microbiome

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirupa R Matthan ◽  
Anne V Kane ◽  
William Evan Johnson ◽  
Solaiappan Manimaran ◽  
Tyler Faits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Plasma Lipid Profile ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
The Impact

Considerable data is available on the effect of carbohydrate (carb) quantity on CVD risk factors but data for carb quality is limited. Our objective was to determine the relative comparability for an isocaloric exchange of unrefined-carb (endosperm+germ+bran, e.g., whole wheat flour), refined-carb (endosperm only, e.g., white flour) and simple-carb (sucrose, e.g., high fructose corn syrup), on cardiometabolic risk factors and the gut microbiome. All foods/beverages (60%E total carb, 15%E protein, 27%E fat [7%E SFA, 10%E MUFA, 10%E PUFA], 80mg cholesterol/1000 kcal) were provided to study subjects (n=11 men and women, 65 years, BMI 27.5 kg/m 2 , LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL) for 5 weeks (randomized, single-blind, cross-over design). Body weight was maintained constant. At the end of each diet phase plasma lipid profile, inflammatory factors and glucose homeostasis were determined using standard methods. Fecal microbiota taxa was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing and data analyzed using QIIME and PathoScope. Plasma LDL-C levels differed among diets (125 ± 29 mg/dL b , 129 ± 29 mg/dL a,b and 136 ± 24 mg/dL a , unrefined-, simple- and refined-carb , respectively). Carb quality had no significant effect on HDL-C, TG, FFA, glucose, insulin, CRP or IL-6 levels. There were 21 genera that had a mean relative abundance (RA) of ≥1% and 4 genera (Roseburia, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus and Coprococcus) varied significantly across diets but after multiple testing adjustment, only Roseburia RA variations remained significant ( 2.58% a , 0.99% b , and 0.81% b , unrefined-, simple- and refined-carb , respectively). Interesting trends were observed between the RA of the following genera and plasma lipids: Roseburia was negatively associated with LDL-C (r=0.28, p=0.097) and HDL-C (r=-0.39, p=0.022); Oscillospira was negatively associated with TG (r=-0.53, p=0.097), and Anaerostipes was positively associated with TG (r=0.40, p=0.0585) levels. These data suggest that carb quality alters the RA of butyrate-producing bacteria, presumably leading to higher short chain fatty acid production, with subsequent alterations in plasma lipids. This study provides novel information about the impact of carb quality on the phylogenetic structure and functional capacity of the fecal microbiome.

scholarly journals The impact of rosuvastatin on hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis activity in metformin-treated and metformin-naïve men with low testosterone levels: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krysiak ◽  
Marcin Basiak ◽  
Witold Szkróbka ◽  
Bogusław Okopień
Keyword(s):  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Intense statin therapy was found to impair testosterone production in men. Metformin administered to subjects with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism decreased gonadotropin production. The current study was aimed at investigating whether metformin treatment modulates the impact of high-dose rosuvastatin therapy on hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis activity in men. Methods The study included 43 very high cardiovascular risk men with late-onset hypogonadism, 20 of whom had been treated with metformin (1.7–3 g daily) for at least 6 months. In all subjects, unsuccessful initial statin treatment was replaced with rosuvastatin (20–40 mg daily). Plasma lipid levels, glucose homeostasis markers, as well as circulating levels of gonadotropins, testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, prolactin, estradiol and creatinine were measured at the beginning of the study and 4 months later in 28 individuals in whom rosuvastatin reduced LDL cholesterol levels to below 70 mg/dL. Results There were no differences between treatment-induced changes in plasma lipids. In both study groups, rosuvastatin reduced total and bioavailable testosterone levels. However, only in metformin-naïve men, rosuvastatin increased LH and FSH levels and slightly impaired insulin sensitivity. The impact on gonadotropin concentrations correlated with treatment-induced decrease in testosterone levels. There were no significant differences between baseline and posttreatment values of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, prolactin, estradiol and the glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that metformin prevents the compensatory increase in gonadotrope function induced by intense statin therapy.

scholarly journals Quantitative global lipidomics analysis of patients with ovarian cancer versus benign adnexal mass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Buas ◽  
Charles W. Drescher ◽  
Nicole Urban ◽  
Christopher I. Li ◽  
Lisa Bettcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Adnexal Mass ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Lipid Metabolites ◽  
Altered Lipid

AbstractAltered lipid metabolism has emerged as an important feature of ovarian cancer (OC), yet the translational potential of lipid metabolites to aid in diagnosis and triage remains unproven. We conducted a multi-level interrogation of lipid metabolic phenotypes in patients with adnexal masses, integrating quantitative lipidomics profiling of plasma and ascites with publicly-available tumor transcriptome data. Using Sciex Lipidyzer, we assessed concentrations of > 500 plasma lipids in two patient cohorts—(i) a pilot set of 100 women with OC (50) or benign tumor (50), and (ii) an independent set of 118 women with malignant (60) or benign (58) adnexal mass. 249 lipid species and several lipid classes were significantly reduced in cases versus controls in both cohorts (FDR < 0.05). 23 metabolites—triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol esters—were validated at Bonferroni significance (P < 9.16 × 10–5). Certain lipids exhibited greater alterations in early- (diacylglycerols) or late-stage (lysophospholipids) cases, and multiple lipids in plasma and ascites were positively correlated. Lipoprotein receptor gene expression differed markedly in OC versus benign tumors. Importantly, several plasma lipid species, such as DAG(16:1/18:1), improved the accuracy of CA125 in differentiating early-stage OC cases from benign controls, and conferred a 15–20% increase in specificity at 90% sensitivity in multivariate models adjusted for age and BMI. This study provides novel insight into systemic and local lipid metabolic differences between OC and benign disease, further implicating altered lipid uptake in OC biology, and advancing plasma lipid metabolites as a complementary class of circulating biomarkers for OC diagnosis and triage.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Patterns with Cardiovascular and Kidney Phenotypes in an Uruguayan Population Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Paula Moliterno ◽  
Carmen Marino Donangelo ◽  
Luciana Borgarello ◽  
Matías Pécora ◽  
Alicia Olascoaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Blood Lipid Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

The impact of habitual diet on chronic diseases has not been extensively characterized in South America. We aimed to identify major dietary patterns (DP) in an adult cohort in Uruguay (Genotype Phenotype and Environment of Hypertension Study—GEFA-HT-UY) and to assess associations with metabolic, anthropometric characteristics, and cardiovascular and kidney phenotypes. In a cross-sectional study (n = 294), DP were derived by the principal component analysis. Blood and urine parameters, anthropometrics, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and glomerular filtration rate were measured. Multivariable adjusted linear models and adjusted binary logistic regression were used. Three DP were identified (Meat, Prudent, Cereal and Mate) explaining 22.6% of total variance in food intake. The traditional Meat DP, characterized by red and barbecued meat, processed meat, bread, and soft drinks, was associated with worse blood lipid profile. Prudent DP, characterized by vegetables, fish, and nuts, and lower loads for bread and crackers, was associated with reduced risk of vitamin D deficiency. Cereal and Mate DP, was characterized by higher loads of cereals, bread, and crackers, and mate infusion, with higher odds of excessive body weight. No direct associations of dietary patterns with hypertension, arterial stiffness, chronic kidney disease, and nephrolithiasis were found in the studied population, nor by age categories or sex.

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Changes in Human Plasma Lipidome Determined by the Lipidyzer Platform

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Péter Pikó ◽  
László Pál ◽  
Sándor Szűcs ◽  
Zsigmond Kósa ◽  
János Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
The Many

Obesity is an increasing public health concern both in the developed and developing countries. Previous studies have demonstrated that considerable alterations in lipid metabolism and consequently marked changes in lipid profile are associated with the onset and progression of obesity-related complications. To characterize the full spectrum of obesity-induced changes in lipid metabolism, direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry analysis is the most promising approach. To better understand which of the many lipid species are the most strongly associated with obesity, the aim of our work was to measure and profile plasma lipids in normal (n = 57), overweight (n = 31), and obese (n = 48) individuals randomly selected from samples of Hungarian general and Roma populations by using the targeted quantitative lipidomics platform, the Lipidyzer. Principal component and stepwise regression analyses were used to identify the most significant clusters and species of lipids by increasing body mass index (BMI). From the 18 clusters identified four key lipid species (PE P-16:0/20:3, TG 20:4_33:1, TG 22:6_36:4, TG 18:3_33:0) showed a strong significant positive and three others (Hex-Cer 18:1;O2/22:0, LPC 18:2, PC 18:1_18:1) significant negative association with BMI. Compared to individual lipid species alone, the lipid species ratio (LSR) we introduced showed an extremely strong, at least 9 orders of magnitude stronger, association with BMI. The LSR can be used as a sensitive and predictive indicator to monitor obesity-related alterations in human plasma and control the effectiveness of treatment of obesity associated non-communicable diseases.

Drug Induced Changes in Cell Organelles

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Luse
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Riboflavin Deficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

In the mid-nineteenth century Virchow revolutionized pathology by introduction of the concept of “cellular pathology”. Today, a century later, this term has increasing significance in health and disease. We now are in the beginning of a new era in pathology, one which might well be termed “organelle pathology” or “subcellular pathology”. The impact of lysosomal diseases on clinical medicine exemplifies this role of pathology of organelles in elucidation of disease today.Another aspect of cell organelles of prime importance is their pathologic alteration by drugs, toxins, hormones and malnutrition. The sensitivity of cell organelles to minute alterations in their environment offers an accurate evaluation of the site of action of drugs in the study of both function and toxicity. Examples of mitochondrial lesions include the effect of DDD on the adrenal cortex, riboflavin deficiency on liver cells, elevated blood ammonia on the neuron and some 8-aminoquinolines on myocardium.

The Laryngeal Epithelium in Reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Erickson-Levendoski ◽  
Mahalakshmi Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

The epithelium plays a critical role in the maintenance of laryngeal health. This is evident in that laryngeal disease may result when the integrity of the epithelium is compromised by insults such as laryngopharyngeal reflux. In this article, we will review the structure and function of the laryngeal epithelium and summarize the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the epithelium. Research investigating the ramifications of reflux on the epithelium has improved our understanding of laryngeal disease associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux. It further highlights the need for continued research on the laryngeal epithelium in health and disease.

Cardioprotective Effects of Diet with Different Grains on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidative System in Obesity-Induced Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kim ◽  
H. Shin ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Male Rats

In the present study, the nutritional quality of four grains including adlay (AD), buckwheat (BW), glutinous barley (GB), and white rice (WR) were evaluated in terms of plasma lipid parameters, gut transit time, and thickness of the aortic wall in rats. The rats were then raised for 4 weeks on the high-fat diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition-93 (AIN-93 G) diets containing 1 % cholesterol and 20 % dietary lipids. Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups and raised for 4 weeks with a diet containing one of the following grains: WR, AD, BW, or WB. The level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in liver was shown to be higher in rats by the order of those fed WR, AD, GB, and BW. This indicates that other grains decreased oxidative stress in vivo more than WR. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase levels in the AD, BW, and GB groups were significantly higher than those in the WR group (p < 0.05). Plasma lipid profiles differed significantly according to grain combination, and decreased aortic wall thickness was consistent with the finding of decreased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.05) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in rats fed AD, BW, and GB (p < 0.001). The antioxidant and hypolipidemic capacities of grains are quite high, especially those of adlay, buckwheat, and glutinous barley. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the whole grains had a cardioprotective effect. This effect was related to several mechanisms that corresponded to lowering plasma lipids, decreasing TBARS, and increasing antioxidant activities.

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

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