scholarly journals Effects of phytonutrient-supplemented diets on the intestinal microbiota of Cyprinus carpio

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248537
Author(s):  
Milan Feher ◽  
Peter Fauszt ◽  
Emese Tolnai ◽  
Gabor Fidler ◽  
Georgina Pesti-Asboth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria

In the aquaculture sector, a strategy for the more efficient use of resources and proper disease control is needed to overcome the challenges of meat production worldwide. Modulation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota is a promising approach for promoting animal health and preventing infection. This feeding experiment was conducted to discover the phytonutrient-induced changes in the gastrointestinal tract microbiota of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Acclimatized animals aged 7 months (30 weeks) were divided randomly into five experimental groups to investigate the effects of the applied feed additives. The dietary supplements were manufactured from anthocyanin-containing processing wastes from the food industry, specifically the production of Hungarian sour cherry extract, synbiotics from fermented corn, and fermentable oligosaccharides from Hungarian sweet red pepper seeds and carotenoids from Hungarian sweet red pepper pulps, applied at a dose of 1%. The gut contents of the animals were collected at four time points throughout the 6-week study period. To track the compositional and diversity changes in the microbiota of the carp intestinal tract, V3-V4 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing was performed. The growth performance of common carp juveniles was not significantly affected by supplementation of the basal diet with plant extracts. Phytonutrients improve the community diversity, increase the Clostridium and Lactobacillus abundances and decrease the abundances of potentially pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, such as Shewanella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Chlamydiae were positively correlated with the body weight, whereas Spirochaetes and Firmicutes exhibited negatively correlations with the body weight. We hypothesize that the application of phytonutrients in aquaculture settings might be a reasonable green approach for easing the usage of antibiotics.

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE INTESTINES OF POULTRY DURING FODDER INTOXICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Dolgov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Abramov ◽  
E.V. Kuzminova ◽  
E.V. Rogaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Beet Pulp

The article presents the data on the study of the influence of mycotoxins combination (T-2 toxin at the concentration of 0.095 mg/kg and aflatoxin B1 in the concentration of 0.019 mg/kg) on the body of quails and the results of pharmacocorrection of toxicosis with a complex consisting of beet pulp and lecithin. Structural changes in the intestines of quais at fodder mycotoxicosis are described. The use of antitoxic feed additives in poultry led to a weakening of the action of xenobiotics, which was confirmed by an increase in the safety of poultry and increase in body weight of quails, a decrease in the clinical manifestations of intoxication, as well as in positive changes in the structure of the intestine of the poultry during histological examination.

scholarly journals Effects of a Trans-Galactooligosaccharide on Minerals Content of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ziółkowska ◽  
Joanna Bogucka ◽  
Jan Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Mateusz Rawski ◽  
Szymon Różański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Freeze Dried

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is a dominant fish species in aquaculture, and as it is a stomachless species, absorption and digestion of nutrients take place in the intestine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic on the content of selected minerals found in the meat, gills, and skeleton of common carp. The research applied trans-galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic produced by enzymatic transgalactosylation of milk lactose by whole cells of Bifidobacterium bifidum. The following diets have been applied: control diet without feed additives (C), diet 2 (B1) with 1% of GOS, and diet 3 (B2) with 2% of GOS. In the freeze-dried samples, concentrations of the analyzed metals were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The content of phosphorus was determined using colorimetric method. The analyses confirmed that the highest level of Mg was detected in the skeleton of fish fed with 1% GOS (2.51 g kg−1) and was significantly higher compared the control treatment (2.11 g kg−1) (P < 0.05). Zn content in fish meat fed with 1% GOS (35.41 mg kg−1) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group (24.59 mg kg−1). The tissue that accumulated the greatest amount of Zn was the gills. GOS had a positive effect on Fe accumulation in the meat, gills, and skeleton. It has been concluded that supplementation of feed with 2% GOS significantly influenced the positive correlations between Mg and P in the meat and skeleton, Fe–Ca correlation in gills, and Fe–Zn correlation in the skeleton.

scholarly journals System of antioxidant protection of the body of piglets under the action of feed additive “Sylimevit”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
L. V. Vyslotska ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
O. V. Kozenko ◽  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
M. V. Chornyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Technological Stress

One of the conditions for obtaining high-quality pig products is the use of feed additives, which contain all the necessary biologically active substances, eliminating their deficiency in feed and acting as catalysts for metabolic processes in pigs. That is why the aim of the study was to study the effect of feed additive “Sylimevit” on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant system of piglets after weaning. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental, in the amount of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the principle of analogues – age, breed and body weight. During the weaning period, the piglets were kept under the sow in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from the age of 5 days – free access to concentrated feed. Feeding of animals was carried out in accordance with the norms for a given age of pigs. Prior to the study, a clinical and physiological examination of the piglets was performed. Their general condition and activity when eating food were taken into account. On the 28th day of life, the piglets were weaned from the sow and regrouped from different nests in order to be further maintained during the period of fattening and rearing with a change in the structure of the diet, which served as technological stress for the animals. From the age of 5 days, piglets of all groups were fed pre-starter feed. Piglets of the experimental group, from 21 to 40 days of age, were additionally fed the feed supplement “Sylimevit” at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day. Feeding piglets Silimevit feed enhances their antioxidant status. The use of this feed additive in piglets contributed to the activation of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant defense system of piglets after weaning, as indicated by an increase in blood 35-day-old piglets superoxide dismutase activity by 26.9 % (P < 0.001), catalase – 41.1 % (P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase – by 52.7 % (P < 0.05), glutathione reductase – by 53.5 % (P < 0.05), the content of reduced glutathione – by 75 % (P < 0.001). This is due to the fact that silimevit contains active substances such as milk thistle and vitamins, which are strong direct-acting antioxidants and directly interact with free radicals and reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals PSVIII-28 The effect of adaptogen on the growth and development of dairy calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Author(s):  
Irina Lunegova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Intensive Growth

Abstract For the harmonious development, intensive growth and preservation of young animals in the diet it is necessary to include various feed additives, complexes, adaptogens that enhance the metabolic processes in the body. The purpose of the study is to study the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of adaptogen in calves rations. To achieve this goal in industrial conditions, 30 calves of Holstein breed at the age of 5–7 days were selected and divided into two groups of 15 animals each. The duration of the experiment was 90 days. Calves of the experimental group in milk, and then in concentrates included adaptogen “Energy” in the amount of 250 mg / kg body weight. The control animals were fed according to the standard scheme in the farm. The feeding mode for all calves was in accordance with the growing technology. The adaptogen includes: succinic, citric acid, inulin, oligofructose, methionine, lactic acid bacteria immobilized on aluminosilicate (patent RU 2493725). The results of the experiment (table 1) showed that the inclusion of an adaptogen provided a high growth rate throughout the entire period. At the end of the experiment, the body weight of calves of the experimental group was 6.52% (P &gt; 0.05) higher compared to the control.

scholarly journals Determination of Niclosamide and its Metabolites in Liver and Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Brankica Kartalović ◽  
Mira Pucarević ◽  
Zoran Marković ◽  
Marko Stanković ◽  
Nikolina Novakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Background: Niclosamide is a medication used to treat tapeworm infestation in animals and humans. It is also lampricide and molluscicide, and can be used in in agriculture as a pesticide. In the treatment of parasitic diseases in fish, niclosamide can be used as bath or mixed with the feed. Its most important use in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is for the treatment of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, which is a very common parasite in this fish species. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of niclosamide (NIC) and its metabolite 2-chloro 4-nitro aniline (CNA) and 5-chloro salycilic acid (CSA) in the liver and muscles of common carp fingerlings.Materials, Methods & Results: The fish for the experiment were obtained from Kapetanski Rit fish pond, and were acclimated to test conditions at 20.5 ± 1°C. Common carps with an average mass of 60 ± 10 g were treated with niclosamide in concentration of 2 g/kg of feed during five consecutive days. The experiment was performed in two treatments: one control and niclosamide, in three replications.  Each group contained of 30 fish, in 120 L polyethylene tanks. At the end of the treatment, the levels of niclosamide residues were determined using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis during over 13 days. The mean values of niclosamide and CNA concentrations in the muscles ranged from 27.7 µg/kg starting from the first day to <0.5 µg/kg on the 11th day and 14.2 µg/kg from the first day to <1 µg/kg on the 9th day. The CSA metabolite in muscles were <1 µg/kg during throughout the entire study. The niclosamide concentration in the liver were found to be 51.5 (30.2-61.8) µg/kg the first day and decreased proportionally to <0.5 µg/kg on the13th day. CNA level in the liver of treated Common Carps amounted to 170.1 (157-181) µg/kg on the first day and continuously declined until the 13th day when recorded values were <1 µg/kg. The CSA concentrations in the liver reached a maximum level of 11.5 (10.1-12.8) µg/kg on the 7th day and fell to <1 µg/kg on the 13th day.Discussion: Niclosamide use in fish is questionable, primarily due to the possible toxic effects on some aquatic organisms. In Serbia, niclosamide preparation for use in aquaculture, has been produced by Veterinarski zavod Subotica since 1984 when it was registred for the first time. Niclosamid degradation mechanism showed that the metabolism of niclosamide resulted in two main metabolites CNA and CSA. Withdrawal of niclosamide and its residues in the liver and muscle in the present investigation lasted from 9 to 13 days. This decrease in residues concentrations is expected and depends primarily on several factors such as the length and concentration of drug with which the fish is treated, biotransformation, excretion and decomposition of used drug. Niclosamide and CNA were proportionally decreased during the withdrawal time, while the CSA value increased to the seventh day although the fish during this period no longer consumed food with niclosamide, after which the value then decreased until the end of its elimination. This is also not unexpected because it is known that liver and gallbladder is a major organ for collection, storage and elimination of chemical residues. Although the treated fish received 2 mg of the niclosamide per g of feed for five consecutive days results obtained in this study indicate that the maximal residues concentrations were much lower than doses of niclosamide that each fish absorbed into the body. Data obtained during this study provided information about the concentration and withdrawal times of niclosamide and its residues CNA and CSA in the liver and muscles of common carp treated orally.

scholarly journals Efficacy Testing of Orally Administered Praziquantel to Common Carp Naturally Infected by Caryophyllidean Tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda)

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. S73-S78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Sudová ◽  
Veronika Piačková ◽  
Josef Velíšek ◽  
Martin Pijáček ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Heat Treated

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of orally applied praziquantel on the treatment efficacy against most abundant tapeworms (Atractolytocestus huronensis Anthony, 1958 and Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus). Naturally infected fish (1.5-year-old; K1-2) were divided into 6 groups. Three trial groups were administered praziquantel mixed in heat-treated amyloid vehicle (at doses of 50 mg kg-1 body weight). In 3 groups of control, the fish were administered amyloid vehicle only. Fish were examined using gut dissection 2, 4 and 6 days after the administration. The location, intensity and prevalence of individual species of tapeworms were recorded. A. huronensis and K. sinensis were found in the gut of carp together. A. huronensis was situated in the oesophageal part of foregut, and K. sinensis came after – immediately before the first intestine loop, of the intestines of carp. The invasion of A. huronensis was fully eliminated in all trial groups after 4 days whereas some specimens of K. sinensis still persisted in the gut of few fish. The full elimination of both parasites was observed 6 days after administration. Our results showed that elimination of K. sinensis takes longer than elimination of A. huronensis. The dose of 50 mg kg-1 of orally administered praziquantel is effectual to control A. huronensis and K. sinensis infections in common carp successfully, however, a significant decrease of the number of parasites was also caused by a single oral administration of big bolus vehicle and leaving unfed fish in the clean water.

scholarly journals Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Nargis ◽  
ME Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hatchability from Various Intraspecific Crosses of Carp and Effect of Frequencies of Feeding on Stocking Density of Common Carp Fry

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
O O Jacob ◽  
G S Solomon ◽  
P A Annune
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) germplasm were sourced from Bauchi and Ibadan aimed at studying their hatchability from the various intraspecific crosses and effect of frequencies of feeding on stocking density of Carp fry. Both male and female were injected with Ovaprim at 0.5ml/kg body weight intramuscularly at a single dose. The number of eggs in 1 gram mass was determined, Fertilization rate and percentage of hatchability were calculated. One hundred and eighty (180) fry of Cyprinus carpio were randomly picked and distributed in nine bowls of 50 litres at three stocking densities with replicates for each treatment. The frequencies of feeding were in these order; Ten (10) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed twice a day, Twenty ( 20) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed four times a day, Thirty (30) fry per bowl of 50 litres were fed six times a day, respectively for 8 weeks with 30gm of 0.2mm Coppens starter diet. The Ib♀ x Ba♂ cross had the highest hatchability though highest fertilization rate was recorded by Ba♀ X Ba♂ cross. The various crosses had above 50% hatchability, though percentagehatchability differed significantly at (P <0.05). While the growth pattern of the different stocking densities at different feeding frequencies differed significantly (p<0.05). The intra specific crossing of different sexes from the two sources gave a higher yield as can be seen with the IB♀ x BA♂. Whereas carp fry stocked at a lower stocking density with a fewer feeding frequency had best growth.

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