Risk factors associated with dystocia in swine

Background and Aim: Dystocia in swine can increase the stillbirth rate; however, its importance in pig-breeding systems has been underestimated. Until now, few studies have investigated dystocia and associated risk factors. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of various risk factors on dystocia in swine. Materials and Methods: Out of 5,557 piglets, we included 4,997 piglets in risk analysis study. The dependent variable was dystocia, which was recorded when a birth interval exceeded 45 min or when obstetric assistance was applied. The independent variables were parity, gestation length, litter size, birth order, gender, presence of a dead piglet, birthweight, crown rump length, body mass index, ponderal index, and oxytocin use. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine the associations between potential risk factors and dystocia at the piglet level. Results: A total of 6% of the piglets were born with a dystocia event, and 47.2% of the farrowing experienced at least one event. Dead piglets and piglets with a crown rump length of >31 cm were associated with an increased dystocia rate. This rate decreased from birth order 2 to 7, stabilized to 11, and then increased till the end of the fetal expulsion process. Conclusion: Dystocia is common in swine. Therefore, this condition should be carefully addressed by veterinarians and farrowing house personnel so that its adverse effect on welfare and productivity of sows and survivability of piglets can be reduced. Further studies investigating dystocia status and risk factors in different swine farrowing systems should be undertaken to provide more knowledge about this neglected condition.

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Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis and associated risk factors among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan

International Health ◽

10.1093/inthealth/ihaa059 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed E Ahmed ◽

Sara Siddig Abdalla ◽

Ibrahim A Adam ◽

Martin P Grobusch ◽

Imadeldin E Aradaib

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cystic Echinococcosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Central Sudan ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Hydatid disease or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stages of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of seropositivity and to identify the risk factors associated with the disease among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018. A total of 305 randomly selected consenting participants from three localities were included in the current investigation using a multistage probability sampling method. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect immunoglobulin G antibodies to E. granulosus. The χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors associated with CE seropositivity. Results A seroprevalence of 6.5% (20/305) was recorded among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Age (odds ratio [OR] 16.61 [confidence interval {CI} 2.21 to 117.92], p=0.006), locality (OR 3.08 [CI 1.42 to 22.54], p=0.011) and contact with dogs (OR 2.34 [CI 0.026 to 0.646], p=0.013) were recorded as potential risk factors for seropositivity to CE in the study area. Conclusions The seroprevalence of CE (6.5%) is high among humans in Khartoum State, Central Sudan. Improved surveillance is necessary to optimize control and prevention strategies for CE as an important neglected zoonotic disease among the human population in the study area of Central Sudan.

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Risk factors associated with stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.2172-2177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2172-2177

Author(s):

Nguyen Hoai Nam ◽

Peerapol Sukon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Stillbirth Rate ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different risk factors on stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a total of 1121 piglets born from 74 Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows from a herd. Logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between stillbirth and different risk factors including parity (1, 2, 3-5, and 6-10), gestation length (GL) (112-113, 114-116, and 117-119 days), litter size, birth order (BO), sex, birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration, birth weight (BW), crown rump length, BW deviation, body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and the use of oxytocin during expulsive stage of farrowing. Results: The incidence of stillbirth at litter level and stillbirth rate was 59.5% (44/74) and 8.1% (89/1094), respectively. The final multivariate logistic regression selected BO, BI, PI, GL, and parity as the five most significant risk factors for stillbirth. Increased BO and BI, GL <114 and >116 days, parity 6-10, and low PI increased the stillbirth rate in piglets. Conclusion: Several factors previously determined as risks for stillbirth in exogenous oxytocin-free parturitions also existed in exogenous oxytocin-assisted parturitions. One dose of oxytocin at fairly high BO did not increase stillbirth, whereas two doses of oxytocin were potentially associated with increased values.

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Non-infectious risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth in a swine farm in the North of Vietnam

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1829-1834 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1829-1834

Author(s):

Nguyen Hoai Nam ◽

Peerapol Sukon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Size And Shape ◽

The North ◽

Infectious Risk ◽

Inadequate Information ◽

Intrapartum Stillbirth ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Farming Industry

Background and Aim: Stillbirth causes considerable loss to the pig farming industry. Methods aimed at reducing stillbirth should base on the understanding of risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth because it accounts for 75% of all stillbirths. Unfortunately, few studies have differentiated between intrapartum and prepartum stillbirths leading to inadequate information about risk factors for sole intrapartum stillbirth. This study investigated risk factors for piglet's intrapartum stillbirth. Materials and Methods: Data of 1527 piglets born from 103 sows in one herd were recorded. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine the relationship between investigated risk factors and intrapartum stillbirth at the piglet level. The potential risk factors were parity, gestation length (GL), litter size (LS), birth order (BO), birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration (CFD), gender, crown-rump length, birth weight (BW), body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and BW deviation. Results: About 60% (60.2%, 62/103) litters had stillborn piglet(s), and the intrapartum stillbirth rate was 5.8% (89/1527). BW deviation (≤0.1 and >0.6 kg), LS >13, GL (<114 and >117 days), PI ≤54, and BO >10 were the most significant factors associated with increased intrapartum stillbirth. No effect of parity, sex, BI, and CFD on intrapartum stillbirth was detected. Conclusion: These data stressed the importance of piglets' size and shape in the prediction of intrapartum stillbirth. Furthermore, large LS, high BO, short, and long GL were associated with increased intrapartum stillbirth. The results of this study suggest that procedures aimed at increasing litter homogeneity, optimizing piglets' size and shape, avoiding short and long gestation, and increasing supervision rate, especially at the second half, of the farrowing may reduce piglet's intrapartum stillbirth.

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Canine Parvovirus Infection in Dogs: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Egypt

World s Veterinary Journal ◽

10.54203/scil.2020.wvj68 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 571-577

Author(s):

Mohamed Z. Sayed-Ahmed ◽

Elzahara Elbaz ◽

Emad Younis ◽

Mohamed Khodier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Test Kit ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Ideal

Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection is a global infectious and contagious viral disease of canine, especially in dogs infected by three variants of CPV type. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and potential risk factors of parvovirus infection in dogs residing in Egypt. A total of 122 dogs suffering from vomiting and diarrhea were screened by antigen rapid CPV/Canine Coronavirus Ag test kit for the diagnosis of CPV infection from March 2012 to February 2013. Age, breed, season, and vaccination of each dog were recorded to study the prevalence of CPV. The overall prevalence of CPV infection in dogs was reported as 59.7%. Dogs between 0 and 3 months of age indicated the highest prevalence of 68% followed by 4-6 months of age which was 53.3%. The lowest prevalence of CPV was reported in dogs above 6 months of age (20%). The maximum prevalence was noticed in non-descript dogs (48.5%) followed by German shepherds (26.7%), Doberman (23.07%), and Griffon (16.6%). Among different risk factors, young, unvaccinated puppies and exotic breeds were more prone to CPV infection. Regarding the season, the higher prevalence was noticed in summer (77.1%) followed by spring (55.5%), autumn (25%), and winter (16.6%). Thus, CPV is an infectious and highly contagious viral disease of dogs. Age and seasonal variations are risk factors in the prevalence of CPV infection. Identification of the potential risk factors associated with the disease may be helpful to construct the ideal preventive measures.

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Regional Differences in the Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Infants Aged 0–23 Months in China: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1293

Author(s):

Shujuan Li ◽

Yacong Bo ◽

Hongyan Ren ◽

Chen Zhou ◽

Xiangqian Lao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Haemoglobin Concentration ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Health Surveillance ◽

Western China ◽

World Health ◽

Nutrition And Health ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Infantile anaemia has been a severe public health problem in China for decades. However, it is unclear whether there are regional differences in the prevalence of anaemia. In this study, we used data from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) to assess the prevalence of anaemia and the risk factors associated with its prevalence in different regions. We included 9596 infants aged 0–23 months from the CNHS 2013 database. An infant was diagnosed with anaemia if he/she had a haemoglobin concentration of <110 g/L. We used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the potential risk factors associated with the development of anaemia. We found that anaemia was present in 2126 (22.15%) of the infants assessed. Approximately 95% of these cases were classified as mild anaemia. Based on the guidelines laid out by the World Health Organization, 5.5% and 43.6% of the surveillance sites were categorized as having severe and moderate epidemic levels of anaemia, respectively. The prevalence of infantile anaemia in Eastern, Central and Western China was 16.67%, 22.25% and 27.44%, respectively. Premature birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding and residence in Western China were significantly associated with higher odds of developing anaemia. Female sex and having mothers with high levels of education and maternal birth age >25 years were associated with lower odds of developing anaemia. In conclusion, we observed significant regional disparities in the prevalence of infantile anaemia in China. Western China had the highest prevalence of infantile anaemia, and rural regions showed a higher prevalence of anaemia than urban regions.

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Mortality and associated risk factors in diabetics

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.110s021 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (4_Suppl) ◽

pp. S21-S26 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

R. J. Jarrett ◽

M. J. Shipley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Population ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Relationship

Summary. In 168 male diabetics aged 40-64 years participating in the Whitehall Study, ten-year age adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher than in non-diabetics for all causes, coronary heart disease, all cardiovascular disease and, in addition, causes other than cardiovascular. Mortality rates were not significantly related to known duration of the diabetes. The predictive effects of several major mortality risk factors were similar in diabetics and non-diabetics. Excess mortality rates in the diabetics could not be attributed to differences in levels of blood pressure or any other of the major risk factors measured. Key words: diabetics; mortality rates; risk factors; coronary heart disease. There are many studies documenting higher mortality rates - particularly from cardiovascular disease -in diabetics compared with age and sex matched diabetics from the same population (see Jarrett et al. (1982) for review). However, there is sparse information relating potential risk factors to subsequent mortality within a diabetic population, information which might help to explain the increased mortality risk and also suggest preventive therapeutic approaches. In the Whitehall Study, a number of established diabetics participated in the screening programme and data on mortality rates up to ten years after screening are available. We present here a comparison of diabetics and non-diabetics in terms of relative mortality rates and the influence of conventional risk factors as well as an analysis of the relationship between duration of diabetes and mortality risk.

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Cervical insufficiency: a noteworthy disease with controversies

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2020-0255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 648-655

Author(s):

Yu Han ◽

Mengnan Li ◽

Huijing Ma ◽

Hailan Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Future Research ◽

Cervical Insufficiency ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The World ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Recurrent Pregnancy Losses ◽

Recurrent Abortions

AbstractCervical insufficiency (CI) is a mainly disease leading to recurrent abortions and preterm birth which may present in about 1% of obstetric populations. Recurrent pregnancy losses caused by CI incur serious economic burdens on society as well as huge psychological burdens to family members. However, many patients even clinicians in some areas of the world still remain confused about this disease. At the same time, the etiology of CI is still uncertain and it is still a controversial disease in diagnosis and treatment. This article summarizes the potential risk factors associated with CI, which could be worthy of attention and helpful for future research. It also reviews the methods for diagnosis and treatment of CI to better understand this noteworthy disease, as well as presents the related consensus and controversies according to the newly updated guidelines, which has practical significance for conducting more in-depth investigations in the future.

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Abstract P625: Rate of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke and Associated Risk Factors: The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study (GCNKSS)

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert J Stanton ◽

Eleni Antzoulatos ◽

Elisheva R Coleman ◽

Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa ◽

Stacie L Demel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Population Based ◽

Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of ischemic stroke can have devastating consequences, leading to longer hospitalizations, increased morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify the rate of HT in stroke patients not treated with tPA within a large, biracial population. Methods: The GCNKSS is a population-based stroke epidemiology study from five counties in the Greater Cincinnati region. During 2015, we captured all hospitalized strokes by screening ICD-9 codes 430-436 and ICD-10 codes I60-I68, and G45-46. Study nurses abstracted all potential cases and physicians adjudicated cases, including classifying the degree of HT. Patients treated with thrombolytics were excluded. Incidence rates per 100,000 and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for HT cases, age and sex adjusted to the 2000 US population. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine risk factors associated with HT. Results: In 2015, there were 2301 ischemic strokes included in the analysis. Of these 104 (4.5%) had HT; 23 (22.1%) symptomatic, 55 (52.9%) asymptomatic and 26 (25%) unknown. Documented reasons for not receiving tPA in these patients were: time (71, 68.3%), anticoagulant use (1, 1.0%), other (18,17.3%) and unknown (14, 13.5%), which were not significantly different compared to those without HT. Only 29/104 (18.3%) had HT classified as PH-1 or PH-2. The age, sex and race-adjusted rate of HT was 9.8 (7.9, 11.6) per 100,000. The table shows rates of potential risk factors and the adjusted odds of developing HT. 90 day all-cause case fatality for patients with HT was significantly higher, 27.9% vs. 15.7%, p<0.0001. Conclusion: We found that 4.5% of non-tPA treated IS patients had HT. These patients had more severe strokes, were more likely to have abnormal coagulation tests or anticoagulant use, and were more likely to die within 90 days. We also report the first population-based incidence rate of HT in non-tPA treated of 9.8/100,000, a rate similar to the incidence of SAH.

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Prevalence and risk factors of root resorption of adjacent teeth in maxillary canine impaction, among untreated children and adolescents

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjy078 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 447-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Frédéric Rafflenbeul ◽

Catherine-Isabelle Gros ◽

François Lefebvre ◽

Sophie Bahi-Gross ◽

Raphaëlle Maizeray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Data Sets ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

3D Data ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Summary Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to assess in maxillary canine impaction cases both the prevalence of root resorption of adjacent teeth among untreated children and adolescents, and its associated risk factors. Subjects and methods Sixty subjects (mean age 12.2 years; SD 1.9; range 8–17 years) with 83 displaced maxillary canines and without any past or ongoing orthodontic treatment were included in this study. The presence of root resorption was evaluated on images from a single cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit. Potential risk factors were measured on the CBCT images and on panoramic reconstructions of the 3D data sets. The sample was characterized by descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions were performed to predict root resorption. Results Root resorption of at least one adjacent tooth was detected in 67.5 per cent of the affected quadrants. It was found that 55.7 per cent of the lateral incisors, 8.4 per cent of the central incisors, and 19.5 per cent of first premolars were resorbed. Of the detected resorptions, 71.7 per cent were considered slight, 14.9 per cent moderate, and 13.4 per cent severe. Contact between the displaced canine(s) and the adjacent teeth roots was the only identified statistically significant risk factor, all teeth being considered (odds ratio [OR] = 18.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.26–756, P < 0.01). An enlarged canine dental follicle, a peg upper lateral, or an upper lateral agenesis were not significantly associated with root resorption of adjacent teeth, nor were age nor gender. Conclusions Root resorption of adjacent teeth was detected in more than two-thirds of a sample of sixty untreated children and adolescents.

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