Luminosity levels and substrates composition on Bermuda Grass development

Turfgrass is a fundamental part in sports fields’ composition. Some aspects should be taken into account in the choosing species process, such as turfgrass use (trampling tolerance), turfgrass management, physical-chemical soil conditions and shade tolerance. With accomplishment of sporting events in Brazil, there was requirement for football arenas reform and modernization. Among architecture alterations, coverings implantation was noticed, resulting luminosity reduction affecting turfgrass development. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of luminosity and substrates on Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) development. The experiment was conducted in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme (substrates x luminosities), in completely randomized design with 20 treatments and 3 replicates. The substrates were: S1 = Soil, S2 = Soil + sand (2:1), S3 = Soil + organic matter (1:1), S4 = Soil + organic matter + sand (2:1:1) and S5 = organic matter + sand (3:1), in four luminosity conditions: full sun, 30%, 50% and 80% of shading for six months. We evaluated substrates fertility composition, solar radiation, grass height and fresh and dry mass. Shading interfered on Bermuda grass development, which tolerates intermediate shading (30% and 50%). Substrates containing the highest levels of organic matter submitted to shading had impaired turfgrass performance.

Download Full-text

Short-Term Changes in Fertility Attributes and Soil Organic Matter Caused by the Addition of EM Bokashis in Two Tropical Soils

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2015/754298 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo Pacheco Lima ◽

Mariana Rodrigues Fontenelle ◽

Luciana Rodrigues Borba Silva ◽

Daiane Costa Soares ◽

Antônio Williams Moita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Total Organic Carbon ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Principal Component ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Chemical Attributes

The present work aimed to evaluate the behavior of ten fertility attributes of soil organic matter physical fractions and total organic carbon upon addition of three EM Bokashis to a Rhodic Ferralsol (FRr) and a Dystric Cambisol (CMd). An experiment was carried out in greenhouse in which the soils were placed into plastic trays and cultivated with tomato. A completely randomized design was used with four repetitions and factorial scheme of 2 × 3 + 2, consisting of two soils (FRr and CMd), three EM Bokashis (Poultry Manure Bokashi (BPM); CNPH Bokashi (BC); and Cattle Manure Bokashi (BCM)), and two controls (both soils without addition of Bokashi). The following fertility attributes were evaluated: pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, P, SB, H + Al, CEC, andV. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) and total organic carbon (TOC) were also investigated. Finally, the Principal Component Analysis was conducted in order to identify possible patterns related to soils when fertilized with EM Bokashi. The addition of EM Bokashi increased the soil fertility and contents of POC. Different EM Bokashi presents distinguished effects on each soil. The PCA suggests that BPM presents higher capacity to modify the analyzed chemical attributes.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik terhadap Serapan Ca dan Mg serta Hasil Kacang Tanah pada Lahan Terdegradasi

Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi ◽

10.20961/agsjpa.v17i1.18658 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Sri Hartati ◽

Hery Widijanto

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Single Factor ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Degraded Soil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

<p>Degraded land is the land that has lost a lot of nutrients and soil organic matter. This research is aimed to determine the effect of the kinds of organic fertilizers to Ca and Mg uptake and yield of groundnuts on degraded land. This research was done using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) single factor and three replications for each treatment. The results showed that organic fertilizer influence to Ca and Mg uptake and the yield of groundnut on degraded lands. Eichonia crasspies manure increased Ca and Mg uptake of groundnut on degraded soil. Cow manure fertilizer increased 200% of their groundnut production as compared to without organic fertilizer.</p>

Download Full-text

What is the digestibility and caloric value of different botanical parts in corn residue to cattle?1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 3056-3070 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emily A Petzel ◽

Evan C Titgemeyer ◽

Alexander J Smart ◽

Kristin E Hales ◽

Andrew P Foote ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Heat Production ◽

Latin Square ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Corn Residue ◽

Completely Randomized Design

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to measure rates of ruminal disappearance, and energy and nutrient availability and N balance among cows fed corn husks, leaves, or stalks. Ruminal disappearance was estimated after incubation of polyester bags containing husks, leaves or stalks in 2 separate ruminally cannulated cows in a completely randomized design. Organic matter (OM) that initially disappeared was greatest for stalks and least for husks and leaves (P < 0.01), but amounts of NDF that initially disappeared was greatest for husks, intermediate for stalks, and least for leaves (P < 0.01). Amounts of DM and OM that slowly disappeared were greatest in husks, intermediate in leaves, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). However, amounts of NDF that slowly disappeared were greatest in leaves, intermediate in husks, and least in stalks (P < 0.01). Rate of DM and OM disappearance was greater for leaves, intermediate for husks and least for stalks, but rate of NDF disappearance was greatest for stalks, intermediate for leaves, and least for husks (P < 0.01). Energy and nutrient availability in husks, leaves, or stalks were measured by feeding ruminally cannulated cows husk-, leaf-, or stalk-based diets in a replicated Latin square. Digestible energy lost as methane was less (P = 0.02) when cows were fed leaves in comparison to husks or stalks, and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg DM) was greater (P = 0.03) when cows were fed husks and leaves compared with stalks. Heat production (Mcal/d) was not different (P = 0.74) between husks, leaves, or stalks; however, amounts of heat produced as a proportion of digestible energy intake were less (P = 0.05) among cows fed leaves in comparison to stalks or husks. Subsequently, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for net energy available for maintenance from leaves (1.42 Mcal/kg DM) to be greater than stalks (0.91 Mcal/kg DM), and husks (1.30 Mcal/kg DM) were intermediate. Nitrogen balance was greater when cows were fed leaves, intermediate for husks, and least for stalks (P = 0.01). Total tract digestion of NDF was greater (P < 0.01) for husks and leaves compared with stalks. Husks had greater (P = 0.04) OM digestibility in comparison to stalks, and leaves were intermediate. Apparently, greater production of methane from husks in comparison to leaves limited amounts of energy available for maintenance from husks even though total-tract nutrient digestion was greatest when cows were fed husks or leaves.

Download Full-text

Competitiveness of alexandergrass or Bengal dayflower with soybean

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582010000300008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 515-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.C.R. Dias ◽

S.J.P. Carvalho ◽

L.W. Marcolini ◽

M.S.C. Melo ◽

P.J. Christoffoleti

Keyword(s):

Competitive Ability ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Total Density ◽

Weed Species ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Commelina Benghalensis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Soybean Plants

Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and the degree of competition is affected by the weed density and the intrinsic competitive ability of each plant species in coexistence. The objective of this research was to compare the competitiveness of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) or Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in coexistence with soybean, cv. M-Soy 8045. A factorial experiment (2 x 5) with two weed species and five competition proportions was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Proportions were based on a replacement series competition design, always maintaining the total density of four plants per 10 L plastic pots, which corresponded to 60 plants m ². The weed-crop proportions were: 0:4; 1:3; 2:2; 3:1; 4:0; that corresponded to the proportion of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of soybean plants and the opposite for weeds, B. plantaginea or C. benghalensis plants. Leaf area, shoot dry mass of the weeds and soybean and number of soybean trifoliate leaves were evaluated when the soybean reached the phenologic stage of full flowering. B. plantaginea was a better competitor than soybean plants. Otherwise, C. benghalensis revealed a similar competitive ability that of the soybean. In both cases, there were evidences that intraspecific competition was more important.

Download Full-text

INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582015000300003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. V. SILVA ◽

P. A. MONQUERO ◽

F. B. SILVA ◽

N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽

M. R. MALARDO

Keyword(s):

Ricinus Communis ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Sowing Depth ◽

Sugarcane Straw ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

Download Full-text

Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

AR Kanak ◽

MJ Khan ◽

MR Debi ◽

ZH Khandakar ◽

MK Pikar

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Plant Height ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

Download Full-text

Managment of sulphur fertilizer in forage sorghum crop cultivated in eutrophic Cambisol with alkaline pH

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1530 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1258-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thiago Henrique Ferreira Matos Castañon ◽

Boanerges Freire de Aquino ◽

Edna Maria Bonfim Silva ◽

Izabel Maria Almeida Lima ◽

Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno

Keyword(s):

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Single Superphosphate ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sulphur Fertilizer ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of soil fertilization with sulfur-based fertilizers, sulfate and elemental sulfur forms on biomass production, nutrient characteristics of sorghum and soil chemical properties. The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (four sulfur sources: single superphosphate, agricultural gypsum, elemental sulfur powder and elemental sulfur granulated with bentonite, and four sulfur doses: 0, 40, 80, 120 mgdm-3) using four replications in a completely randomized design, being cultivated in pots under greenhouse conditions. The sorghum was cultivated for a period of 51 days after emergence of the seedlings. The shoot dry mass, shoot macronutrients content, root and soil and pH of the soil were evaluated. There were interactions between sources and sulfur doses in the variables such as shoot dry mass, sulfur in the root, sulfur and calcium in the soil. Elemental sulfur (granulate) showed lower concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur and N:S ratio in the shoot. The concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium did not show significant differences, both for the shoot and the root. The pH of the soil was reduced depending on the sources and doses of elemental sulfur. The sources and doses of sulfur did not influence the levels of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the soil. The elemental sulfur in the form of powder is the best source of sulfur for forage sorghum cultivated in soil with alkaline pH.

Download Full-text

Broccoli yield in response to top-dressing fertilization with green manure and biofertilizer

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2011000500016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 645-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilberto Bernardo de Freitas ◽

Márcio Sousa Rocha ◽

Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽

Letícia Monteiro da Silva Freitas ◽

Leandro de Almeida Resende

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Organic Compost

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of broccoli under different top-dressing organic fertilizations. The experiment was conducted under protected cultivation, in a completely randomized design with four replications, with two plants per experimental unit. Broccoli seedlings were produced in a commercial substrate in styrofoam trays. The seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing 10.0 L of substrate made up of subsoil and organic compost at the ratio of 3:1 (v/v), respectively, which is equivalent to about 20.0 t ha-1 of organic compost at planting. After seedling establishment, the top-dressing fertilization treatments were applied: gliricidia biomass associated or not with liquid biofertilizer of cattle manure to the soil and bokashi. Two control treatments were established: one with mineral fertilization recommended for the crop and the other without top-dressing fertilization. The broccoli production was evaluated (commercial standard). Plants that received mineral fertilizer were more productive, however, they were not significantly different (p>0.05), by Dunnet test, from the plants fertilized with 2.5 t ha-1 gliricidiabiomass (dry mass) associated with liquid biofertilizer (2.0 L m-2) applied to soil. Top-dressing fertilizations with only gliricidia, at 2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1 of biomass (dry mass), resulted in no significant increase in production of broccoli inflorescence. The use of bokashi in addition to gliricidia biomass and liquid biofertilizer reduced the efficiency of the fertilization compared with plants that received only gliricidia and liquid biofertilizer.

Download Full-text

KECERNAAN IN VITRO SILASE SAMPAH SAYUR DAN DAUN GAMAL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME RUMEN KAMBING

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v2i3.3808 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Indrayani Indrayani ◽

Harapin Hafid ◽

Dian Agustina

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Vegetable Waste ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter level waste silage mixed vegetables and Gliricidia leaves were tested in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Each of these treatments is R0 (Gliricidia leaves 100%), R1 (Gliricidia leaves 70% + 30% silage vegetable waste), and R2 (Gliricidia leaves 40% + 60% silage vegetable waste). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further testing using the test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results of ANOVA showed that the mixture of vegetable waste silage was highly significant (p <0.05) on dry matter digestibility and significantly (p <0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter. It can be concluded that the mixed of vegetable waste silage and Gliricidia leaves can improved digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, treatment of 40% and 60% Gliricidia leaves plus waste vegetable produce silage dry matter digestibility and percentage of organic matter is best (72,24% and 68,19%).Keyword: Silage vegetable waste, gliricidia leaves, dry and organic matter digestibilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenaan bahan kering dan bahan organik tingkat campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal yang diuji secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ialah R0 (daun gamal 100%), R1 (daun gamal 70% + silase sampah sayur 30%), dan R2 (daun gamal 40% + silase sampah sayur 60%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa campuran silase sampah sayur berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan organik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, perlakuan 40% daun gamal dan 60% silase sampah sayur menghasilkan persentase kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang terbaik yaitu (72,24% dan 68,19%).Kata kunci : Silase sampah sayur, daun gamal, kecernaan bahan kering, dan bahan organik.

Download Full-text

Integrated management of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees): associating chemical control tools and plant physiology

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20200271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eduardo Avelino Faleiro ◽

Diego Martins Chiapinotto ◽

Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽

Carlos Eduardo Schaedler ◽

Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Radiation Factor ◽

Factor B ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Factor C ◽

Resource Conditions ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides use in the control of tough lovegrass according to the availability of solar radiation and the presence or absence of flooded. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2x4 and 2x2x5 factorial scheme, where factor A was equivalent to the environment (natural or reduced radiation); factor B to water condition (with a 2 cm flooded or without); and, factor C the herbicides: cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), cyhalofop butyl + glyphosate (315 g ha-1 + 1080 g ha-1) and control (without application) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the herbicides used were cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 g ha-1) and control (without application). Glyphosate efficiently controls plants of tough lovegrass with four tillers (>90%), being superior to cyhalofop, imazethapyr and sethoxydim; independently, of resource conditions. Reduction in the availability of solar radiation generates less shoot dry mass production from the weed, and improves the control only by imazethapyr and cyhalofop. In general, a flooded condition does not affect tough lovegrass control by herbicides.

Download Full-text