Correlation of physical activity and fitness with arches of the foot in children

Summary Study aim: Physical activity is crucial for a child’s development, as well as for the development of the foot. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of the level of physical activity and physical fitness with the arches of the foot in children in non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions.Material and methods: The study population consisted of 92 children aged 10 to 14 years. We assessed their physical fitness with a modified Zuchora test. The modification consisted in choosing three (speed, jumping ability, and flexibility) out of a total of six trials. To assess the physical activity, we used a screening test - the anonymous Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity questionnaire. To analyze the arches of the foot, we used computer equipment based on the Moiré projection method.Results: Pearson’s chi-squared test did not reveal any significant correlation between physical activity, physical fitness, and longitudinal and transversal arches in children. The percentage of normal and high foot arches increased with increasing levels of physical activity and physical fitness. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test analysis confirmed a statistically significant difference (with p < 0.001) in the longitudinal and transversal arches in measurements in non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions.Conclusions: 1. In the examined group, there were functional lateral and longitudinal flat feet. 2. A lowered longitudinal arch foot might reduce physical activity and fitness in adolescents.

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Objective Behavioral Measures in Children before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown in Israel

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8732

Author(s):

Einat Shneor ◽

Ravid Doron ◽

Jonathan Levine ◽

Deena Rachel Zimmerman ◽

Julia S. Benoit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Rank Test ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Wake Time ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Social Restriction ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Impact

Studies using questionnaires report that COVID-19 restrictions resulted in children spending significantly less time outdoors. This study used objective measures to assess the impact of pandemic-related restrictions on children’s behavior. A total of 19 healthy 8–12-year-old boys were observed before and during social restriction periods. Of these, 11 boys were reassessed after restrictions were lifted. For each session, Actiwatches were dispensed for measures of time outdoors, activity, and sleep. Changes overall and by school status were assessed using signed-rank test and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. During restrictions, children spent significantly less time outdoors (p = 0.001), were less active (p = 0.001), and spent less time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p = 0.004). Sleep duration was not significantly different between sessions (p > 0.99), but bedtime and wake time shifted to a later time during restrictions (p < 0.05 for both). Time outdoors and activity returned close to pre-pandemic levels after restrictions were lifted (p > 0.05 for both). Children’s behaviors significantly changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reduction in outdoor light exposure is of importance due to the role of light in the etiology of myopia and vitamin D production. The reduction in physical activity may have negative health effects in terms of obesity and depression, although further research is required to ascertain the long-term effects.

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Perbandingan kadar serum kreatinin pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan frekuensi senam prolanis 1 kali per minggu dan 3 kali per minggu

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.2.2016.14443 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Angela Pangemanan ◽

Sylvia R. Marunduh ◽

Joice N.A. Engka

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Creatinine Level ◽

Muscle Metabolism ◽

The Body ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Design Data ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Signed Rank Test

Abstract: Creatinine is formed in muscles from creatinine phosphate and a byproduct of muscle metabolism. Creatinine is almost completely cleared from the body by filtration in the glomeruli. Physical activity can affect renal hemodynamics and protein excretion as well as creatinine level. Prolanis gymnastics is programmed for people who suffer from chronic diseases. This study was aimed to find out whether physical activity could affect serum creatinine by comparing Prolanis gymnastics practised 1 time/week and 3 times/week among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was an experimental study with a pre-post test control group design. Subjects were 30 T2DM patients who practised Prolanis gymnastics at Husada Clinic Sario Manado, divided into two equal groups (15 people in each group). The results showed that in 1 time/week group, there was decreased creatinine level in 1 person (7%), increased creatinine level in 2 people (13%), and unchanged level in 13 people (87%). Meanwhile, in 3 times/week group there was no decrease of creatinine level but increased creatinine level in 4 people (27%) and unchanged in 11 people (73%). The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed a significant difference in creatinine levels between the two groups (p=0.001). Conclusion: Prolanis gymnastics 3 times/week was more effective than 1 time/week in affecting creatinine level in T2DM patients. Keywords: Prolanis gymnastics, creatinine, T2DM patients Abstrak: Kreatinin dibentuk di jaringan otot dari kreatinin fosfat dan merupakan produk sampingan metabolisme otot. Hampir seluruh kreatinin dikeluarkan dari tubuh melalui filtrasi glomerulus. Aktivitas fisik dapat memengaruhi hemodinamik ginjal dan ekskresi protein, termasuk kreatinin. Senam Prolanis merupakan program yang dibuat untuk masyarakat yang menderita penyakit kronis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap kadar kreatinin serum dengan membandingkan senam 1 kali/minggu dan 3 kali/minggu pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan pre-post control group test design. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan subjek penyandang DMT2 berjumlah 30 orang (15 orang untuk masing-masing kelompok) yang mengikuti senam Prolanis di Klinik Husada Sario Manado. Pada kelompok 1 kali/minggu, terjadi penurunan kreatinin pada 1 orang (7%), kenaikan pada 2 orang (13%) dan tetap pada 13 orang (87%), sedangkan pada kelompok 3 kali/minggu, tidak terjadi penurunan kreatinin, tetapi ada kenaikan pada 4 orang (27%) dan tetap pada 11 orang (73%). Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks mendapatkan perbedaan kadar kreatinin yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,001). Simpulan: Senam Prolanis 3 kali/minggu lebih efektif daripada senam Prolanis 1 kali/minggu dalam memengaruhi kadar kreatinin pada pasien DMT2.Kata kunci: senam Prolanis, kreatinin, DMT2

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PERBEDAAN FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE PASCA SECONDARY OFFERINGS

Wahana ◽

10.35591/whn.v22i1.148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 41-49

Author(s):

Djaja Perdana ◽

Herbowo Herbowo

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Rank Test ◽

Growth Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Asset Turnover

This study aims to examine the differences in corporate financial performance before and after secondary offerings. The financial performance is proxied by WCR, DER, Solvency, ROA, ROE, Asset Turnover (ATO) and Growth ratio which representing the value of liquidity, financing, activity, performance and growth of the firm. The study involved 67 samples of the companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange conducting secondary offerings during 2008-2013 period and selected through purposive random sampling method and using Financial Statement data from 2005-2016 period. Hypothesis test is performed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in the ratio of Solvency, ROA and ROE between before and after secondary offerings, but there are significant differences in the ratio of WCR, DER, Asset Turnover and Growth. WCR ratio after secondary offerings increased, while DER ratio after secondary offerings decreased, the condition of both ratios showed better performance. While the indication of poor performance seen in decreasing asset turnover ratio and growth ratio.Keywords : agency theory, financial performance, secondary offerings

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Promotion of Elementary School Students’ Health Literacy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249560 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9560

Author(s):

Elke Knisel ◽

Helge Rupprich ◽

Annika Wunram ◽

Markus Bremer ◽

Christiane Desaive

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Elementary School ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Rank Test ◽

School Students ◽

Related Information ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Health Related ◽

Signed Rank Test

Health literacy is an important outcome of the discussion of school-related health education and health promotion in the 21st century. Although the improvement of health literacy at an early age is increasingly recognized and few interventions show the development of children´s health literacy, still there is little research in this area. The purpose of the study was to examine the enhancement of health literacy among children in a physical activity-based program at elementary school. In total, 137 students aged 6–12 years participated in the program, which included health knowledge transfer in child-appropriate games and exercises. Participants´ health literacy was assessed using the HLS-Child-Q15-DE at the beginning and the end of the program. The instrument measures the access, understanding, appraisal and application of health-related information on a four-point Likert-type scale. As expected, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant increases in self-reported health literacy over time. The results show that the degree of change in health literacy was not associated with gender or age. The results suggest that the physical activity-based program has the potential to improve elementary school children´s health literacy, even though in a single group pilot study.

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Analysis of Indonesian Islamic and Conventional Banking Before and After 2008

International Journal of Economics and Finance ◽

10.5539/ijef.v8n11p193 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arfianti Novita Anwar

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Rank Test ◽

Islamic Banking ◽

Positive Contribution ◽

Islamic Banks ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Law ◽

Conventional Banks

This study aims to analyze the performance of Islamic banks and conventional banks before and after the implementation of Islamic Banking Act 2008. The performance will be measured using CAMEL ratio selected. This research is considered essential in examining the positive contribution of the application of the Act to improve the performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. By using secondary data, this study compared the performance of Islamic banks with that conventional bank selected as samples during the study period. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for inter-temporal and Mann-Whitney test for inter-bank. Inter-temporal Tests conducted on Islamic Banking showed that a significant difference was only seen in the NPF ratio of 2 years before and after implementation of Islamic Banking Act. As for conventional banks showed a more diverse ie for 1 year before and after the application of the Law on Islamic Banking there are significant differences for the ROA and ROE, two years before and after implementation of the Law Islamic banking there are significant differences for the CAR, ROA, ROE and NIM and for the overall test a significant difference to CAR, ROA, ROE, NIM and efficiency. Inter-bank testing showed that prior to the application of Islamic Banking Act there are significant differences between conventional banks and Islamic banks to CAR, ROA and efficiency. Furthermore, after the application of Islamic Banking Act there is a significant difference for the CAR and LDR / FDR.

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Long-Term and Transfer Effects of an Action Control Intervention in Overweight Couples: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Text Messages

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754488 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Corina Berli ◽

Urte Scholz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Action Control ◽

Text Messages ◽

Control Group ◽

Transfer Effects ◽

Control Intervention

Keeping a physically active lifestyle requires consistent self-regulatory effort such as action control (e.g., continuously monitoring and evaluating a behavior in terms of one’s goals). Involving the romantic partner in interventions might be particularly effective in the long run. The present study examined the long-term and transfer effects of an action control intervention in couples using text messaging for promoting target persons’ and partners’ physical activity, anthropometric measures and physical fitness 6 months post baseline. A total of 121 overweight and obese romantic couples, randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 60; information + action control text messages) or a control group (n = 61; information only) and to participating as target person or partner, completed baseline assessments (T1). 100 couples (82.6%) completed the 6-month follow-up (T3) assessment. Primary outcomes included self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and objective MVPA and MVPA adherence using triaxial accelerometers across a diary period of 14 days after T3. Secondary outcomes included BMI, waist-to-hip circumference and physical fitness (target persons only) using a submaximal aerobic cycle test. At T3, there were no significant between-group differences between target persons and partners with regard to their objective MVPA, self-reported MVPA, BMI, waist-hip ratio or physical fitness. No significant changes in outcomes were observed from T1 to T3; however, changes in BMI from T1 to T3 between target persons and partners in the intervention group were associated. Overall, the brief 14-days action control intervention was not effective in improving target person’s physical activity, body measures and physical fitness in the long-term. Moreover, no long-term benefits for partners emerged. While brief ecological momentary interventions might be a promising tool for short-term effects, future studies are needed to test features enhancing long-term effectiveness. Associations in romantic partners’ changes suggest that dyadic interventions can be a promising approach, as changes induced in one partner may then transfer over to the other (controlled-trials.com ISRCTN15705531).

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HOW DOES PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AFFECT PHYSICAL FITNESS ELEMENTS IN CHILDREN AGED 5-9?

European Journal of Fitness, Nutrition and Sport Medicine Studies ◽

10.46827/ejfnsm.v2i1.102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aslihan Buksur ◽

Umut Canli ◽

Cüneyt Taskin

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Core Strength ◽

Explosive Strength ◽

Jump Test ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Jump ◽

Run Test

This study was conducted to examine the effect of participation in physical activity on physical fitness parameters in children aged 5-9 years. A total of 83 children, 44 girls, and 39 boys, studying in a private primary school participated in the study voluntarily. The Eurofit Test Battery was used to evaluate the physical fitness levels of children. Within the scope of the Eurofit test battery; the body weight and height values of the children were measured. In the determination of motoric performances, flamingo balance, disc touch, sit-reach, standing long jump, sit-up, bent-arm hanging, and 5x10 meter sit-up tests were used. A personal information form prepared by the researchers was used to determine demographic characteristics. Whether the data is normally distributed or not was checked with kurtosis and skewness values. In the statistical analysis dimension; descriptive analysis (mean, standard deviation, median, min-max value, ratio, frequency), independent samples t test (Independent Samples t test) were used. In terms of children having an athlete license, a significant difference was found in their height, standing long jump test, sit-up test, bent-arm hanging test, 5x10 meter sit-up run test scores (p>0.05). A significant difference was found in the findings of height, body weight, standing long jump test, sit-up test, bent arm hanging test, 5x10 meter sit-up run test in terms of children's participation in traditional children's games (p>0.05). As a result, it has been determined that children's having an athlete's license increases their height, explosive strength, core strength endurance, upper extremity strength endurance, agility, and again, the students' participation in traditional children's games has positive effect on height, body weight, explosive strength, core strength endurance, upper extremity strength endurance and agility. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0891/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

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Effectiveness of Picture Story Books Reading to Increase Kindness in Children Aged 5-6 Years

Lingua Cultura ◽

10.21512/lc.v12i1.2095 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giyati Retnowati ◽

Rose Mini Agoes Salim ◽

Airin Y Saleh

Keyword(s):

Test Score ◽

Measurement Instrument ◽

Rank Test ◽

Average Score ◽

Storybook Reading ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

Signed Rank Test

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of picture in storybook reading to increase kindness in children. This research involved 31 children aged 5-6 years; they were taken from the kindergarten in Bandung as the participants. The intervention was done by reading eight picture books in eight days. The kindness was measured using a measurement instrument created by the researcher, in the form of nine coloured cards that described the behaviour of kindness. The measurement was also done by seeing through the kindness tree and observation sheets that filled out by the teacher. The data analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-rank test shows a significant difference in the average score of kindness (p<0,05) before and after picture storybook reading. Two weeks after the intervention, the improvement on all kindness behaviours with the post-test score is greater than pre-test score that still can be found. Observation through kindness tree and observational sheets shows the same result.

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Macular dysfunction in patients with macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 404-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kunihiko Akiyama ◽

Kaoru Fujinami ◽

Ken Watanabe ◽

Toru Noda ◽

Yozo Miyake ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

Oscillatory Potentials ◽

Implicit Time ◽

Rank Test ◽

Macular Function ◽

Giant Retinal Tear ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Status ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Fellow Eyes

AimsTo assess macular function in patients with macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) using focal macular electroretinography (FMERG).MethodsThis is a prospective, observational case series of 27 patients diagnosed with a macula-on RRD. Foveal attachment was confirmed on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Eyes with any macular disorder, cataract, vitreous opacity or vitreous haemorrhage were excluded. FMERG was recorded in the affected and fellow eyes using a round stimulus 15° in diameter. The status of four retinal factors in the affected eyes was examined, that is, the number of involved quadrants, number of quadrants with retinal breaks, presence of an RRD invading the vascular arcade, and presence of a giant retinal tear. The implicit time and amplitude of the a-wave, b-wave and oscillatory potentials (OPs) were compared between the affected and fellow eyes using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The influence of the four retinal factors on each FMERG component of the affected eyes was also evaluated using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsSignificant reductions in the amplitudes of the a-waves (p=0.001), b-waves (p<0.001) and OPs (p=0.001) were observed in the affected eyes compared with the fellow eyes. There was no significant difference between the affected and fellow eyes in the implicit times of any components. None of the four retinal factors affected the parameters in the affected eyes.ConclusionAltered FMERG responses suggested the presence of macular dysfunction in eyes with macula-on RRDs.

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Is missing geographic positioning system data in accelerometry studies a problem, and is imputation the solution?

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2016.403 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kristin Meseck ◽

Marta M. Jankowska ◽

Jasper Schipperijn ◽

Loki Natarajan ◽

Suneeta Godbole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Built Environment ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Gps Data ◽

Positioning System ◽

Accelerometer Data ◽

Generalised Linear Mixed Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

The main purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of global positioning system (GPS) signal lapse on physical activity analyses, discover any existing associations between missing GPS data and environmental and demographics attributes, and to determine whether imputation is an accurate and viable method for correcting GPS data loss. Accelerometer and GPS data of 782 participants from 8 studies were pooled to represent a range of lifestyles and interactions with the built environment. Periods of GPS signal lapse were identified and extracted. Generalised linear mixed models were run with the number of lapses and the length of lapses as outcomes. The signal lapses were imputed using a simple ruleset, and imputation was validated against person-worn camera imagery. A final generalised linear mixed model was used to identify the difference between the amount of GPS minutes pre- and post-imputation for the activity categories of sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Over 17% of the dataset was comprised of GPS data lapses. No strong associations were found between increasing lapse length and number of lapses and the demographic and built environment variables. A significant difference was found between the pre- and postimputation minutes for each activity category. No demographic or environmental bias was found for length or number of lapses, but imputation of GPS data may make a significant difference for inclusion of physical activity data that occurred during a lapse. Imputing GPS data lapses is a viable technique for returning spatial context to accelerometer data and improving the completeness of the dataset.

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